獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的賞析

　　請(qǐng)看下面一道題：Not far from the school there was a garden, _________ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.

　　A. its B. whose C. which D. that

　　【分析】此題很容易誤選B，許多同學(xué)會(huì)認(rèn)為句中逗號(hào)后是一個(gè)非限制性的定語(yǔ)從句，whose 在定語(yǔ)從句中用作定語(yǔ)修飾其后的'名詞 owner。此分析從表面上看，似乎天衣無縫，但實(shí)質(zhì)上是錯(cuò)的，原因是空格后根本不是一個(gè)句子，因?yàn)闆]有謂語(yǔ)。盡管句中有兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞，但它們都是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。也許有的同學(xué)認(rèn)為，其中的 seated 可視為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，但是注意，seat 用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，它總是及物的，其后要么接賓語(yǔ)，要么它就用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以若在 seated 前加上助動(dòng)詞 is，則可以選擇B（當(dāng)然若將 seated （當(dāng)然若將 seated sitting，也應(yīng)選擇B）。所以此題最佳答案選A。請(qǐng)?jiān)倏匆粋�(gè)類似的例子：

　　(1) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ translated into foreign languages.

　　A. it B. them C.this D. that

　　(2) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.A. it B. them C. which D. that

　　第(1)應(yīng)選B，而不能選C，是因?yàn)榫渲械?translated 是過去分詞(非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)，若選C，則該從句無謂語(yǔ)；第(2)應(yīng)選C，因?yàn)榫渲杏兄^語(yǔ) were translatedC。

　　再請(qǐng)看下面一例：(3) He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.

　　A. it B. them C. which D. that

　　【分析】此題與上面的第(2)題不同，兩句間多了一個(gè)并列連詞and，說明這是一個(gè)并列句，故應(yīng)選B，則不能選C。

　　請(qǐng)做做以下三題(答案均為B)：

　　(1) There I met several people, two of _________ being foreigners.

　　A. which B. them C. whom D. that

　　(2) There I met several people, two of _________ were foreigners.

　　A. which B. whom C. who D. that

　　(3) There I met several people, and two of _________ were foreigners.

　　A. which B. them C. whom D. that

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