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初一英語語法期末復(fù)習(xí)常識
1. many與much
Many，much都意為許多，many +可數(shù)名詞，much +不可數(shù)名詞。
How many people are there at the meeting
How much time has we left
Many of the workers were at the meeting.
Much of the time was spent on learning.
1.2 both, either, neither, all, any, none
這些詞都可用作代詞或形容詞。其位置都在be動詞之后，行為動詞之前或第一助動詞之后。
1) both (兩者都)，either(兩者中任何一個(gè))，neither (兩者都不)。以上詞使用范圍為兩個(gè)人或物。
Neither of the two boys is clever.兩個(gè)男孩都不聰明。
2) both，either
both與復(fù)數(shù)連用，either與單數(shù)連用。
Both the boys are clever.兩個(gè)男孩都很聰明。
Either of the two boys is clever.兩個(gè)男孩都很聰明。
There are flowers on both sides of the street.
(兩岸)
There are flowers on either side of the street.
(岸的兩邊)路邊長滿了野花。
3) all (所有的，全部的人或物)，any (任何一個(gè))，none (都不)。以上詞使用范圍為三者以上。
All the flowers are gone.所有的花都謝了。
I dont like any of the flowers.這些花我都不喜歡。
I like none of the flowers.這些花我都不喜歡。
注意：all與none用法一樣。跟單數(shù)名詞，用單數(shù)動詞;跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞，用復(fù)數(shù)動詞。
All of the students are there.
所有的學(xué)生都在那。
All (of) the milk is there.
所有的牛奶都在那。
1.3 anyone/any one;no one/none;every/each
1.anyone和any one
anyone僅指人，any one既可指人，也可指物。
11.0 few, little, a few, a little
(a) few +可數(shù)名詞, (a) little +不可數(shù)名詞
a few / a little為肯定含義，還有一點(diǎn)
few / little為否定含義，沒有多少了。
He has a few friends.他有幾個(gè)朋友。
He has few friends.他幾乎沒有朋友。
We still have a little time.我們還有點(diǎn)時(shí)間。
There is little time left.幾乎沒剩下什么時(shí)間了。
典型例題:
Although he s wealthy，he spends___ on clothes.
A. little B. few C. a little D. a few
答案：A. spend所指的是錢，不可數(shù)，只能用little或a little.本句為although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，由句意知后句為否定含義，因此應(yīng)用little表示幾乎不。
固定搭配:
only a few (=few) not a few (=many) quite a few (=many)
many a (=many)
Many books were sold.
Many a book was sold.
賣出了許多書。
2.no one和none
a) none后跟of短語，既可指人又可指物，而no one只單獨(dú)使用，只指人。
b) none作主語，謂語動詞用單，復(fù)數(shù)均可，而no one作主語謂語動詞只能是單數(shù)。
None of you could lift it.你們中沒有人可舉起它。
---- Did any one call me up just now --剛才有人打電話給我嗎
---- No one. --沒有。
3.every和each
1) every強(qiáng)調(diào)全體的概念，each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體概念。
Every student in our school works hard.我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生都很用功。
Each student may have one book..每個(gè)學(xué)生都可有一本書。
2) every指三個(gè)以上的人或物(含三個(gè))，each指兩個(gè)以上的人或物(含兩個(gè))。
3) every只作形容詞，不可單獨(dú)使用。each可作代詞或形容詞。
Every student has to take one.
Each boy has to take one.
Each of the boys has to take one.
4) every不可以作狀語，each可作狀語。
5) every有反復(fù)重復(fù)的意思，如every two weeks等; each沒有。
6) every與not連用，表示部分否定; each和not連用表示全部否定。
Every man is not honest.并非每個(gè)人都誠實(shí)。
Each man is not honest.這兒每個(gè)人都不誠實(shí)。
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