高中英語(yǔ)選修7 units 3～4重點(diǎn)詞匯
witness
vt. 當(dāng)場(chǎng)見到；目擊；證明
vi. 作證
n. 目擊者；證人；證據(jù)
The world has witnessed China’s rapid development in space with the launch of Chang’e-3. 嫦娥3號(hào)的發(fā)射讓世人見證了中國(guó)在太空方面的快速發(fā)展。
He witnessed to having seen the man enter the room. 他作證說(shuō)看到那個(gè)男人進(jìn)入房間。
His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.他的健康身體證明這種療法是成功的。
搭配
a witness to sth 某事的證人/證明
bear/give witness to sth 為……作證；證明
witness to （doing） sth 作證證明某事/做某事
一言巧記
The witness who witnessed the incident gave witness to the police and promised to be a witness. 這場(chǎng)事故的目擊者向警察提交了證明并且答應(yīng)作證。
urge
vt. 催促；極力主張；驅(qū)策
n. 強(qiáng)烈的欲望；沖動(dòng)
He urged on his pupils the importance of hard work. 他向?qū)W生們力言用功的重要性。
The UN urged Syria to stop violence immediately and go back to the negotiating table. 聯(lián)合國(guó)敦促敘利亞應(yīng)立即停止暴力行為，回到談判桌上來(lái)。
They urged that the library be kept open during the vacation. 他們極力主張?jiān)诜偶倨陂g圖書館應(yīng)當(dāng)照常開放。
搭配
urge sb/sth on 催促某物/某人前進(jìn)
urge sb to do sth 催促某人做某事
urge that... （should） do sth 極力主張；強(qiáng)調(diào)……
It is urged that... （should） do sth 堅(jiān)決要求……
abandon
vt. 遺棄；拋棄；放棄
n. 放縱；盡情
The bad weather forced them to abandon their search. 惡劣的天氣迫使他們終止了搜尋工作。
They abandoned carrying out the plan because of the lack of money. 因?yàn)槿鄙儋Y金，他們放棄了執(zhí)行這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。
We should keep off those who abandon themselves to drugs. 我們要遠(yuǎn)離那些吸毒成癮的人。
搭配
abandon one’s hope/plan 放棄希望/計(jì)劃/注意
abandon oneself to 沉溺于……；縱情于……
abandon doing sth 放棄做某事
with abandon 放縱地；放任地
abandoned 無(wú)約束的`；無(wú)度的；放蕩的
一言巧記
The child was abandoned by his parents. Eventually the abandoned boy was found wandering in the street， abandoning himself to despair. 那孩子被他的父母遺棄了，后來(lái)有人發(fā)現(xiàn)他在大街上游蕩，他陷入了絕望。
reflect
vi.&vt. 思考；映射；反射
His house reflects his personality. 他住的房子反映他的性格。
You should set aside some time to reflect on your successes and failures. 你應(yīng)該留出時(shí)間反思你的成功與失敗。
Her face was reflected in the mirror. 鏡子映出她的臉。
搭配
reflect sb/sth in sth （指鏡子等）映出某人/物
reflect sth from sth 從某物（表面）反射（光，熱，聲等）
reflect on sth 思考某事
拓展 reflection 反射，反映影像
be lost in reflection 陷入深思中
adjust
vt.&vi. 調(diào)整；使適合
It took a while for his eyes to adjust to the blackness. 他用了一小會(huì)兒讓眼睛適應(yīng)這個(gè)漆黑的地方。
This kind of desk can be adjusted to the height you need. Besides， it is not expensive at all. 這種課桌可以調(diào)整成你需要的高度，況且一點(diǎn)也不貴。 When a child is studying abroad， he must learn to adjust to living on his own. 當(dāng)孩子出國(guó)留學(xué)時(shí)，他必須學(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立生活。
搭配
adjust sth to sth 調(diào)整……以適應(yīng)……
adjust to （doing） sth 適應(yīng)于（做）……
adjust oneself to 使自己適應(yīng)于……
拓展 adjustment n. 調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)，適應(yīng)
make an adjustment 作出調(diào)整
辨析 adjust， adapt
adapt to和adjust to中的to雖然都是介詞，但習(xí)慣上adapt to后面只接名詞或者代詞；adjust to后面則既可以接名詞代詞也可以接動(dòng)名詞。
adjust oneself to/adapt oneself to意為“使自己適應(yīng)……”，兩者基本可以互換。
donate
vt. 捐贈(zèng)；贈(zèng)送
Local people lined up to donate blood for the brave girl. 當(dāng)?shù)厝罕娕抨?duì)給這位勇敢的姑娘獻(xiàn)血。
He asked for a donation but went away empty handed. 他請(qǐng)求人們捐款，卻一無(wú)所獲地離開了。
搭配
donate sth to 向……捐獻(xiàn)某物
make a donation to 捐獻(xiàn)給……
拓展 donator 捐贈(zèng)者；贈(zèng)送者
辨析 donate/contribute
二者均可表示“捐獻(xiàn)”，后面均可接to。表示捐錢或衣物時(shí)，兩者可互換使用。
donate 一般表示捐錢或獻(xiàn)血，只用作及物動(dòng)詞。contribute主要指“貢獻(xiàn)”，通常指貢獻(xiàn)財(cái)力、物力、智力等。contribute還可表示“促成”“起作用”“投稿”。
[練習(xí)]
1. The book was written in 1966， since when the education system .（witness）
這本書寫于1966年，它見證了此后教育體系的巨大變化。
2. It is strongly urged by her father that she the job in that small firm. （apply）
父親堅(jiān)決要求她不要在那家小公司求職。
3. Everybody knows that we need to
this new situation and need to get better. （adjustment）
每個(gè)人都知道我們需要作必要的調(diào)整來(lái)適應(yīng)新形勢(shì)才能變得更好。
4. The doctor said that the patient had to
at once， which made us all worried. （operate）
醫(yī)生說(shuō)病人必須立刻做手術(shù)，這使我們都非常擔(dān)心。
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