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成人高考英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作高分技巧
導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：很多同學(xué)在寫(xiě)作中一味的追求句子的長(zhǎng)、難，單詞的生僻、高端。殊不知其實(shí)寫(xiě)作最高的境界反而是返璞歸真，無(wú)招勝有招。下面是成人高考英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作高分技巧，希望對(duì)你有所幫助：
1
詞匯選擇：標(biāo)新立異
寫(xiě)作中“較高級(jí)詞匯”的使用主要是指使用《大綱》上沒(méi)有的詞語(yǔ)、使用通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法變化來(lái)的新詞、使用同(近)義詞或反義詞等來(lái)代替常見(jiàn)詞語(yǔ)。
1)這棟房子在芳草街的一棟樓上。
A: The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street.
B: The flat situates in a building on Fangcao Street.
分析:is in是常見(jiàn)詞語(yǔ)，而situates in則是《大綱》上沒(méi)有的，屬于高級(jí)詞匯。
2)在周末我們做很多作業(yè)。
A: At weekends, we have a lot of homework to do.
B: At weekends, we have endless homework to do.
分析:B句在表達(dá)時(shí)沒(méi)有使用過(guò)于直接的a lot of，而是使用了endless。
endless就是由《大綱》詞匯end加后綴-less變化來(lái)的。
3)浴室和廚房都很好。
A: The bathroom and the kitchen are good.
B. The bathroom and the kitchen are well-furnished.
分析：表達(dá)要點(diǎn)時(shí)，B句使用了well furnished,這比good語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)，也顯得生動(dòng)。
如能運(yùn)用貼切自然，哪怕整篇文章只用上一個(gè)，也會(huì)使你的作文顯示出與眾不同。
2
結(jié)構(gòu)造句：與眾不同
1、使用與人不同的表達(dá)方式，特別是提倡打破漢語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的束縛而重組的句子更受歡迎。
1)唐山曾在二十世紀(jì)八十年代發(fā)生過(guò)一次大地震。
A: There was a strong earthquake in Tangshan in the 1980s.
B: A terrible earthquake hit/struck Tangshan in the 1980s.
分析：大多數(shù)同學(xué)使用了there be結(jié)構(gòu)，這是對(duì)的。但是B句卻摒棄了常見(jiàn)句式。另辟蹊徑而使用了“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，且使用了terrible,hit/strike這樣的詞匯，更是難能可貴的。
2)你八月十五日的來(lái)信我今天早晨收到了。
A:I received your letter which was written on August 15th this morning.(多數(shù)人使用的方式)
B: Your letter of August 15th reached/ got to me this morning.(與多數(shù)人使用的方式不同,簡(jiǎn)潔)
2.使用一些強(qiáng)勢(shì)句式，如強(qiáng)調(diào)句、感嘆句、倒裝句等，增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)句的表現(xiàn)力。
3)湯姆救了我妹妹。
A: Tom saved my sister.(一般句式)
B: It was Tom that saved my sister.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句式)
4)我們看到莊稼和蔬菜長(zhǎng)勢(shì)喜人很是高興。
A: We were glad to see crops and vegetables growing well.(一般陳述句)
B: How glad we were to see crops and vegetables growing well.(感嘆句)
◆強(qiáng)調(diào)句：可以輕松地將時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式等類(lèi)型的狀語(yǔ)從句轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閺?qiáng)調(diào)句。
It was not until I arrived home that I realized I had left the bag on the shop counter.
It was then that I realized the importance of English.
◆倒裝句：只要句中有介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句，便可將其提前，變成倒裝句。
Only when I turned right at the crossing did that car crack towards me.
Only by this means can he escape from the big fire.
◆with引導(dǎo)的伴隨結(jié)構(gòu)：可以將狀語(yǔ)從句或并列句中的其中一個(gè)分句變成with結(jié)構(gòu)。
With the sun lighting brightly and the birds singing clearly, I went to school in high spirits
He always likes to sleep with the windows open.
◆巧妙地使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：可以將狀語(yǔ)從句或并列的動(dòng)詞簡(jiǎn)化為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
Hearing that, the driver’s wife quickly added that her husband often talked nonsense after drinking. (低級(jí)形式：When he heard that, ……)
◆恰到好處的被動(dòng)句：適合應(yīng)用于較簡(jiǎn)短的句子，這樣顯得語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔生動(dòng)，賓語(yǔ)一般是nothing、anything、everything等不定代詞。
Searched all my pockets, but nothing was found。
◆感嘆句：通常用于開(kāi)頭結(jié)尾活躍文章氣氛，凡是“I feel ……”之類(lèi)表達(dá)感情的句子皆可如此改造。
How terrible I felt today! I failed again in the math exam.
◆高級(jí)定語(yǔ)從句：若定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞帶有介詞，只需將介詞移至先行詞后。
We came to a place to which they had never paid a visit before.
◆進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：有時(shí)會(huì)含有一定情緒，尤其要使用always這樣的富含感情色彩的副詞。
I am always feeling terrible when I take a bus.
◆婉轉(zhuǎn)表達(dá)：需要使用幽默的技巧，主要用于漫畫(huà)型作文題。
I could find nothing but bad luck when I returned the shop after learning that my handbag had been left on the counter.
◆what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句：將動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)化為此結(jié)構(gòu)。
3、句式多樣,復(fù)雜得體。
在寫(xiě)作中應(yīng)避免使用相同長(zhǎng)度的相同句型，而應(yīng)注意句式的變化，如長(zhǎng)短句結(jié)合，簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句與復(fù)合句共用，還可使用簡(jiǎn)化句等;一些較復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)如獨(dú)立主格，分詞結(jié)構(gòu)等也可使用。
下面的表達(dá)中A句簡(jiǎn)單句多，而且多處使用there be結(jié)構(gòu)，顯得單調(diào)、乏味，而B(niǎo)句就有自己的特色(請(qǐng)同學(xué)們自己分析)。
5)這是一套25平方米的住房，住房里面有臥室、有洗澡間、有廚房;臥室里有床、沙發(fā)、桌子和椅子等。
A: It's a flat of 25 square metres. There is a bedroom in the flat. There is a bathroom and a kitchen in it, too. In the bedroom, there is a bed; there is a sofa, a desk and a chair as well.
B: It's a flat of 25 square metres, with a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen. In the bedroom there is a bed, a sofa, a desk and a chair.
在造句時(shí),既要使句子生動(dòng)，又要使其簡(jiǎn)明扼要。
3
布局謀篇：獨(dú)具匠心
在寫(xiě)作中，我們可按時(shí)間、空間或其它邏輯順序來(lái)安排各要點(diǎn)，同時(shí)為使主題突出,結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，我們應(yīng)注意學(xué)習(xí)和使用交代句以及段落的主題句等。
Opinions are divided on the question.
60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fees. They believe a public park should be free of charge. People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away. What is more, it will become necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to the appearance of a city.
On the other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardens and other workers, and to buy plants and young trees. They suggested, however, fees should be charged low.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
1)該文使用Opinions are divided...作交代句，開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山，隨后兩個(gè)段落均使用了主題句，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，表達(dá)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。
2)在表述要點(diǎn)時(shí)范文還對(duì)要點(diǎn)出場(chǎng)順序作了調(diào)整，如“40%的同學(xué)認(rèn)為應(yīng)收門(mén)票，但不宜過(guò)高�！鼻安糠肿鳛橹黝}句放在句首，而后部分另起一句放在句末：They suggested, however, fees should be charged low.這樣就分清了輕重緩急，主題突出，條理清楚。
3)范文使用了and, what is more, however等連詞，在段落之間使用了on the other hand(說(shuō)明前后兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是相悖的)，這些連接手段的運(yùn)用加強(qiáng)了句子之間、段落之間的聯(lián)系，使文章表達(dá)連貫，渾然一體。
4)范文在第二段為說(shuō)明不收門(mén)票的“原因”時(shí)增加了Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away.等細(xì)節(jié)，這也是解決句與句之間缺少連貫性的常見(jiàn)方法。
舉例：英語(yǔ)作文開(kāi)頭四方式
1、“開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山”式
一般來(lái)說(shuō)，文章的開(kāi)頭應(yīng)盡量做到“開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山”，即要用簡(jiǎn)單明了的語(yǔ)言引出文章的話題，使人一開(kāi)始就能了解文章要說(shuō)明的內(nèi)容。
①對(duì)于敘事類(lèi)的文章，可以在開(kāi)頭把人物、時(shí)間、事件和環(huán)境交代清楚。如“A Trip to Huangshan(黃山之旅)”的開(kāi)頭可以是：Last month,my family went to Huangshan by train.It took us ten hours to get there.What a long and tiring journey!We were tired but the beautiful scenery excited us.
②對(duì)于論述性的文章，可以在開(kāi)頭處先闡明自己的觀點(diǎn)，接著展開(kāi)進(jìn)一步的論述。如“The Time and the Money(時(shí)間和金錢(qián))”的開(kāi)頭可以是：Most people say that money is more important than time.But I don't think so.First,when money is used up,you can earn it back，but……
2、回憶性開(kāi)頭
在描述事件或游記類(lèi)的文章中，采用回憶性的開(kāi)頭往往更能吸引人的眼球。這種類(lèi)型的開(kāi)頭中通常含有描述自己心情或情緒的詞匯，如never forget(永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法忘記)、remember(記得)、unforgettable(難以忘懷的)、exciting(令人激動(dòng)的)、surprising(令人驚訝的)、sad(難過(guò)的)……如“A Trip to Huangshan(黃山之旅)”的開(kāi)頭還以這樣寫(xiě)：I will never forget my first trip to Huangshan.或It was really an unforgettable experience I had.
3、疑問(wèn)性開(kāi)頭
在敘事類(lèi)或論述性的文章中，都可采用疑問(wèn)型開(kāi)頭，這樣既可以吸引閱卷者的注意又容易抓住中心。如“Planting Trees(種樹(shù))”的開(kāi)頭可以是：Have you ever planted trees?Don't you think planting trees is……再如“Traveling Abroad(出國(guó)之旅)”的開(kāi)頭可以是：If you have an opportunity to travel abroad,why not consider Singapore?
4、倒敘式開(kāi)頭
在有的文章，特別是敘事類(lèi)的文章中，可以采用倒敘的寫(xiě)作手法，先寫(xiě)出事件的結(jié)果，再陳述過(guò)程。如“Catching Thieves(捉賊)”的開(kāi)頭可以這樣寫(xiě)：I lay in bed in the hospital.I smiled at my friends even though my legs hurt.Do you want to know what happened to me?Let me tell you.It's a...story.
總之，要想使自己的文章有亮點(diǎn)，吸引讀者，在考試中獲得高分，就應(yīng)在用詞、造句、謀篇上下功夫，哪怕是有一處特長(zhǎng)都是“亮”點(diǎn)，都是值得肯定的。
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