英語等級(jí)考試PETS-3級(jí)聽力重難點(diǎn)講解
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一、細(xì)節(jié)捕捉題
細(xì)節(jié)題主要是指用Wh-問題的形式對(duì)短文中有關(guān)人名、地名、時(shí)間、原因、數(shù)據(jù)、目的、年代等提出的問題，有時(shí)也包括是非判斷題。由于是對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的考查，這類題也有一定的難度。答題時(shí)除了要把握準(zhǔn)有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)信息，還要聽清提問的角度和具體要求。這類提問方式不拘一格，依考查的內(nèi)容而異，主要有以下幾種形式：
According to the passage, when/where/who/what/why/how did...?
Which of the following adjectives best describes...?
Which of the following (statements)is true/ not true?
Which of the following is mentioned/not mentioned?
細(xì)節(jié)題以辨認(rèn)題居多。有可能幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)在文章中都有所提及，但只要仔細(xì)聽，注意分別，就能在原文中找到各自的出處。
二、概括主旨大意
此類題型要求考生對(duì)聽到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行整體的把握和全面的領(lǐng)會(huì)。任何一段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白都是圍繞一個(gè)中心展開的，有時(shí)主旨大意較明顯，有時(shí)則需要?dú)w納。
此類題型常見的提問方式有：
What are the two speakers talking about?
What are the two speakers doing?
What is the talk/dialogue about?
What’s the topic of the passage?
學(xué)會(huì)細(xì)節(jié)題的尋找
聽力考題要求考生聽清、聽懂事實(shí)信息，精確理解具體細(xì)節(jié)、特殊信息，如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、價(jià)錢、數(shù)量、原因、目的、結(jié)果等，同時(shí)還要對(duì)所聽到的信息作簡單的處理，比如數(shù)字的運(yùn)算、時(shí)間順序、比較篩選、同義轉(zhuǎn)換、因果關(guān)系、深層推理等。理解具體信息有助于把握話題內(nèi)容、領(lǐng)會(huì)說話者意圖。
常見的考查細(xì)節(jié)題的提問方式有：
When should...?
What is...?
How does the man...?
Where is the woman going?
Which of the following is right/ture?
Why did the speaker...?
學(xué)會(huì)分析問題之間的聯(lián)系和背景知識(shí)的'綜合應(yīng)用
考生應(yīng)當(dāng)在聽力開始之前，瀏覽試卷上的選項(xiàng)，特別是仔細(xì)分析幾道題之間的聯(lián)系，并根據(jù)常識(shí)、背景知識(shí)進(jìn)行積極地預(yù)測(cè)。
三、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題型
對(duì)話中對(duì)話者對(duì)他們談?wù)摰娜嘶蚴鲁质裁从^點(diǎn)或態(tài)度往往含而不露，考生只能根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容的關(guān)鍵詞、上下文甚至語氣、語調(diào)的內(nèi)涵意義并利用邏輯思維能力來進(jìn)行判斷，才能對(duì)傳遞的信息進(jìn)行比較深層次的理解。具體表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度時(shí)，可能出現(xiàn)的模式有：間接表達(dá)式，不明說贊成或反對(duì);反問否定式，常委婉地表示質(zhì)疑和反對(duì);委婉謝絕式，先表示肯定、贊成、謝意等，隨后說出真實(shí)看法;看似否定實(shí)為肯定式，如 why not, I can’t agree any more 等。
常見的提問方式有：
How does the man/woman feel about...?
What does the man/woman think of...?
What does the man/woman say about...?
What does the man/woman mean?
四、地點(diǎn)方向題型
這種類型的考題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)對(duì)話地點(diǎn)及人物去向的判斷。其中既有直接提問的，也有間接提問的。
常見的提問形式有：
Where does the conversation probably take place?
Where is the woman going?
Where are the two speakers?
在這類考題中，選項(xiàng)大部分是表示地點(diǎn)場(chǎng)所的名詞，同時(shí)需注意這些名詞前的介詞，如in a bank, in a dining-room, at the airport, at home, on the desk, on the floor等，這些介詞對(duì)判斷場(chǎng)所非常有幫助。另外，考生應(yīng)集中注意力去捕捉那些“關(guān)鍵詞”，抓住了“關(guān)鍵詞”，做題就容易多了。以下是一些�？嫉牡攸c(diǎn)及相關(guān)詞，也就是剛才提及的“關(guān)鍵詞”，需重點(diǎn)記憶：
學(xué)校(school)：required course, elective course, quiz, professor, thesis, make-up, credits, master, dormitory, department, lecture, essay, bookshelf, application form, entrance.
旅館(hotel)：reception, book, reservation, tip, check in, single room, double room.
飯店(restaurant)、酒吧(bar)：menu, bill, drink, dessert, soup, steak, beer, appetizer, barbecue, cheese, cream, roast, beer, drink, wine, cafeteria, dining, saloon, pub, snack, bar, recipe.
商店(department store)：supermarket, dress, color, style, fashion, price, bargain, reasonable.
醫(yī)療(medical treatment)：doctor, nurse, patient, surgery, operation, medicine, dose, pill, temperature, headache, sore throat, bad cold, fever, cough, stomachache, heart disease, cancer.
火車(railway)、汽車(motor)、飛機(jī)(airplane)等交通設(shè)施：platform, traffic jam, airport, arrival time, departure, ticket agent, take off, board, land, flight, airlines, freight, passport, visa.
練習(xí)：
1. What does the woman mean?
[A] She knows the guy who will give the lecture.
[B] She thinks the lecture might be informative.
[C] She wants to add something to her lecture.
[D] She’ll finish her report this weekend.
2. Who are the two speakers?
[A] Teacher and student.
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