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GMAT考試邏輯基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)題
在日常學(xué)習(xí)和工作生活中，我們都離不開練習(xí)題，做習(xí)題在我們的學(xué)習(xí)中占有非常重要的位置，對(duì)掌握知識(shí)、培養(yǎng)能力和檢驗(yàn)學(xué)習(xí)的效果都是非常必要的，你所見過(guò)的習(xí)題是什么樣的呢？以下是小編幫大家整理的GMAT考試邏輯基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)題，希望能夠幫助到大家。
GMAT考試邏輯基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)題
Arguments
What is an argument?
An argument in logic is a set of one or more meaningful declarative sentences (or "propositions") known as the premises with another sentence known as the conclusion. Therefore, each argument has at least two components: 1) a piece of evidence or proposition, officially called a “premise,” and 2) a conclusion.
Consider the following two statements:
1)Ming Li is smart.
2)Ming Li went to Peking University.
Each statement by itself is simply a claim or an assertion. Can you combine them together to form an argument?
One answer might be:
Ming Li is smart because he went to Peking University.
The red part of the answer is the conclusion; the blue part of the answer is thepremise. These color codes will be the convention I use to label premise and conclusion through out the series.
A premise supports a conclusion. Most argument are not bullet-proof. That is: the evidence provided does not PROVE the conclusion reached beyond a shadow of a doubt. A premise is just an evidence, one reason to shed some positive light on the conclusion, one piece of information which makes the conclusion more likely. In CR, all premises given in the stimulus are considered true. In the above example, we should not doubt whether Ming went to Peking University or not. However, we can analyze the argument by focusing on the logic which connects the premise and the conclusion in an argument.
Indicators
How to tell which statement is a premise or a conclusion in an argument? A quick way is to find indicators such as because, since, for, as, considering, whereas, and on the grounds that, which signal to the reader that a premise is coming! In the example above, Ming Li is smart because he went to Peking University, he went to Peking University is the premise since this statement follows the word because.
A second way to form an argument using exactly the same statements is:
Because Ming Li is smart, he went to Peking University.
This is a totally different argument from the first one in that the premise and the conclusion switch their places. Ming Li is smart is now the premise.
These two examples show that the order, in which each statement shows up in an argument, is less important than the logical relationship shown in the argument when deciphering which is the premise and which is the conclusion. Use the indicators to help you march through the puzzle in the beginning. The indicators for a conclusion might include: thus, therefore, accordingly, hence, in this way, consequently, and as a result.
What if there is no indicator in the argument?
In case you cannot find an indicator for premise/conclusion, you have to understand what the aruthor is trying to say and ask yourself which part is the conclusion and which part is the premise to support the conclusion. Consider the following example:
Every milk product from Three Deers must be recalled. These products contains melamine which could lead to renal failure.
Which one is the conclusion? Which one is the premise? Most likely you would say that the 1st sentence is the conclusion and the 2nd sentence is the premise.
Every milk product from Three Deers must be recalled. These products contains melamine which could lead to renal failure.
If in doubt, 1) simply connect the two sentences using the word because; and 2) see which one of the resulting arguments makes more sense:
1) Every milk product from Three Deers must be recalled because these products contains melamine which could lead to renal failure.
2) Becasue every milk product from Three Deers must be recalled, these products contains melamine which could lead to renal failure.
In CR test, if you can locate the premise and the conclusion of an argument, you have 50% chance of getting the right answer in the end. Train your eyes and brains to identify the conclusion of an argument quickly and precisely. Make sure your first step of a long march to the victory gets off on the right foot.
GMAT考試邏輯基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)題
Most of the worlds sup* of uranium currently comesfrom mines. It is possible to extracturanium from seawater, but the cost of doing so is greater than the price thaturanium fetches on the world market. Therefore, until the cost of extracting uranium from seawater cansomehow be reduced, this method of obtaining uranium is unlikely to becommercially viable.
Which of the following would it be most useful todetermine in evaluating the argument?
(A) Whether the uranium in deposits on land is rapidlybeing depleted
(B) Whether most uranium is used near where it is mined
(C) Whether there are any technological advances thatshow promise of reducing the cost of extracting uranium from seawater
(D) Whether the total amount of uranium in seawater issignificantly greater than the total amount of uranium on land
(E) Whether uranium can be extracted from freshwater at acost similar to the cost of extracting it from seawater
GMAT邏輯真題答案:
答案: A
思路：B：是否uranium是在near where it is mined被用的，與uranium從哪開采出來(lái)的成本高低無(wú)關(guān)系，所以跟結(jié)論也無(wú)關(guān)系;
C：technological advances是無(wú)關(guān)詞。有這樣的技術(shù)，也不能確定這種技術(shù)會(huì)被使用，也就是說(shuō)，不確定cost是否會(huì)真的會(huì)下降;有沒有這樣的技術(shù)和最終from seawater的cost降下來(lái)之間沒有“必然”聯(lián)系。 有它可以，沒它也沒什么!!
D：uranium的儲(chǔ)存量到底在seawater高還是land高，這不能決定誰(shuí)的cost高低，從而也不能決定結(jié)論是否成立;
E：freshwater無(wú)關(guān)名詞。把from freshwater和from seawater比cost是沒有意義的。我們這里需要比f(wàn)rom seawater和from land的cost;
A：是否uranium將會(huì)很快消耗光，這就預(yù)示著是否uranium on the worldmarket的價(jià)格是否會(huì)有巨大上漲，也就是uraniumcost on the world market是否會(huì)超過(guò)from seawater的uranium, 也就決定了是否this method is commerciallyviable。
GMAT邏輯真題練習(xí)及答案
Plant scientists have used genetic engineering on seedsto produce crop plants that are highly resistant to insect damage. Unfortunately,the seeds themselves are quite expensive, and the plants require morefertilizer and water to grow well than normal ones. Thus, for most farmers the savings on pesticideswould not compensate for the higher seed costs and the cost of additionalfertilizer. However, since consumer demand for grains, fruits, and vegetables grownwithout the use of pesticides continues to rise, the use of geneticallyengineered seeds of this kind is likely to become widespread.
In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the followingroles?
(A) The first supplies a context for the argument; thesecond is the arguments main conclusion.
(B) The first introduces a development that the argumentpredicts will have a certain outcome; the second is a state of affairs that theargument denies will be part of that outcome.
(C) The first presents a development that the argumentpredicts will have a certain outcome; the second acknowledges a considerationthat weighs against that prediction.
(D) The first provides evidence to support a predictionthat the argument seeks to defend; the second is that prediction.
(E) The first and the second each provide evidence tosupport the arguments main conclusion.
答案: C
思路：However后面與作者立場(chǎng)一致, However前面與作者立場(chǎng)相反。
A：排除;因?yàn)門he frist應(yīng)該與argument立場(chǎng)相反
B：排除，因?yàn)閠he second is a state of affairs that the argument denies錯(cuò)了. The second應(yīng)該與argument的立場(chǎng)一致.
D：排除，因?yàn)門he first應(yīng)該與作者立場(chǎng)相反;
E：排除，因?yàn)門he first應(yīng)該與作者立場(chǎng)相反;
C：第一句話是argument預(yù)測(cè)的一個(gè)結(jié)果. 預(yù)測(cè)就有可能**或反對(duì); 第二句話反對(duì)了預(yù)測(cè)的東西,也就是反對(duì)一句話。沒有什么錯(cuò), 不能排除.
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