2016年雅思議論文寫作高分技巧（二）

　　上次小編已經(jīng)給各位整理了2016年雅思考試議論文寫作高分技巧(一)，今天繼續(xù)分享下一篇，希望幫助同學們提高寫作水平。

　　在本系列文章上篇中，雅思寫作最常見的兩種提問方式(1) To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2) Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.及它們的應(yīng)對方法已經(jīng)得到了深刻的剖析;那么在本篇論文中，朗閣海外考試研究中心將就雅思大作文剩余的三種提問方式(3) What is your opinion? (4) What are the benefits and disadvantages? / Do the advantages outweigh its disadvantages? (5) What are the reasons, effects or solutions?應(yīng)該如何回答論證進行仔細的解答。

　　本系列文章中，筆者仍然以雅思考試最經(jīng)典的方向標作品——劍橋系列書籍Cambridge IELTS 1-8中考官給出的Sample Answer 和Model Answer為參考范本對各個話題及應(yīng)對方式進行具體詳盡的講解和分析。

　　Ø What is your opinion?

　　此種提問方式屬于雅思寫作幾種提問中最開放、最自由的提問;考生只需就題目中出現(xiàn)的某個話題或是看法發(fā)表自己的相關(guān)意見，而不用糾結(jié)是否完全贊同還是反對。也可以說這種提問是我們常見的To what extent do you agree or disagree的變式提法，只要你的回答是圍繞著題目走，而未偏題的答案都可以接受。以對班級規(guī)模大小的題目為例，some people think larger class size is a good choice while others argue that small class teaching is better. 若是提問What is your opinion的話，則可以有以下多種回答：認為大班好;認為小班好;認為大班小班都好;認為班級規(guī)模大小要取決于學生的年齡段或是具體的科目;認為大班小班都不好而中班好等。

　　那么此類提法是考生在考試過程中需要特別注意的嗎?事實上就我們出現(xiàn)的真題及劍橋書籍來看，并不是十分常見的。就目前市面上的Cambridge IELTS 1-8的考題來看，一共出現(xiàn)過2次此類提問的考題，分別為Cambridge IELTS3 Test3和Cambridge IELTS7 Test4的兩題。當然這也并不能說明它不重要，而恰恰相反的是它十分重要，因為真正掌握了這種提問方式，對于考生更好地了解贊同與否的題目有極大的幫助。

　　Cambridge IELTS3 Test3：In many countries children are engaged in some kind of paid work. Some people regard this as completely wrong, while others consider it as valuable work experience, important for learning and taking responsibility. What are your opinions on this? 對于這道有關(guān)孩子的paid work的問題，我們可以就考官給出的Model Answer來進行具體的分析并且掌握回答的方式及布局。通讀全文后，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，考官并未像之前看的贊同題那樣直接在開頭段給出明確的答復，而是認為It is difficult to say who has the right to judge whether children working is wrong or valuable. Opinions will also differ as to learning benefits. 并且在接下去的一個段落中進行了論證，提出了一些“wrong”和“less learning”的證明：It is an unfortunate fact that many employers may prefer to use the services of children simply to save money. 而在主體第二段中提到有些work的valuable：in many countries children work because their families need the additional income, no matter how small. 而在最后一段又提及建議part-time jobs or doing tasks around the family home.

　　由此我們并不難看出，考官并未直接說明對孩子工作是支持還是不支持，而是圍繞孩子工作的問題，采用了客觀的態(tài)度，分情況來論證說明�？忌�在回答類似提問時自然也可以試用。

　　Ø What are the benefits and disadvantages?

　　優(yōu)缺題在雅思寫作中一般有3種提法：(1) Do the advantages outweigh its disadvantages(最常見)，如2010.11.27考題：In some countries, small town-centre shops are going out of business because people tend to drive to large out-of-town stores. As a result, people without cars have limited access to out-of town stores, and it may result in an increase in the use of cars. Do you think the disadvantages of this change outweigh its advantages? (2) What are the advantages and disadvantages? (3) Is this a positive or negative development，如2010年10月14日考題：In some countries, it is illegal for companies to reject job applicant for their age. Is this a positive or negative development? 朗閣海外考試研究中心建議各位考生在回答時一定要仔細審題，絕不可以想當然地隨意套用。

　　以考官在劍5中給出的參考范文為例，就優(yōu)缺題進行分析：In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this. 題目中明確提出了要求討論優(yōu)點和缺點，那么自然文章段落安排應(yīng)該是4段，優(yōu)缺點各一段�？脊僭趦�(yōu)點段落中提到：They tend to be more independent, which is a very important factor in academic study and research, as well as giving them an advantage in terms of coping with the challenges of student life. 而在缺點段第一句話就提到：However, there are certainly dangers in taking time off at that important age. 更值得注意的是對于此類題目，不僅分析優(yōu)缺兩方面，考官還在結(jié)尾段落中明確給出了自己的看法：My view is that young people should be encouraged to … 考生在完成類似提問時自然也可以學習這種寫法，讓全文更客觀公正。

　　Ø What are the reasons, effects or solutions?

　　這種提問方式是一般被稱為分析解決型的文章所有的提問，可以是分析原因，也可以是說明影響，當然也可以提出建議，甚至是同一題目要求回答其中的2-3個問題。所以對于這種提問，考生也只需要做好認真讀題審題，做到“問啥答啥”即可。

　　盡管相比較之前出現(xiàn)的幾種辨證型的題目來說分析解決型題目相對出現(xiàn)幾率不那么高，但是我們也決不可小覷了它的重要性，尤其是最近幾年明顯更為常見了，在Cambridge IELTS1,4,5,7,8中都有不少考題的分析。一般說來，分析解決型因為提問十分明顯，所以考生在回答時難度也并不會特別大，甚至不少辯證性的題目若換成分析解決提問，難度都會明顯下降，如2010年1月23日考題：The gap between the rich and the poor is becoming much wider, the rich more richer, the poor even more poorer. What problems can the situation cause and give the solutions? 這一題目本來是有關(guān)貧富差距的社會類話題，之前在2009年出現(xiàn)過討論雙方的提問方式時難倒了一大片考生，而此時的分析問題和解決方案就容易解決了。

　　但值得注意的是，在最近幾年里出題的難度明顯有所提升，甚至比某些辨證型的文章難度更大，如：Many people believe that today there is a general increase in anti-social behaviour and lack of respect for others. What might have caused this situation? How to improve it? 這個題目之所以難，倒不是在于提問而是因為題中出現(xiàn)了anti-social behaviour這個考生所不能準確找到社會現(xiàn)象對應(yīng)的詞。反社會行為，其實是一種越軌行為，有時候還是違法犯罪行為，主要指為了個人或少數(shù)人的利益(有時候?qū)嵤┍┝φ卟�無利益可求，只為泄憤)而違背社會公認的行為規(guī)范，并因此對他人和社會造成損害乃至嚴重破壞的行為，因為施暴者和施暴對象沒有明顯的目標關(guān)系，這就有點“濫殺無辜”的意味，對社會而言會產(chǎn)生強烈的不安全感。因此朗閣海外考試研究中心的專家們也在此建議各位考生絕對不要在準備考試過程中一味地注重常見話題，而應(yīng)更多留心社會類考題，尤其是其中出現(xiàn)的一些專業(yè)術(shù)語的理解。

　　那么除了在審題這一步要特別仔細以免丟了冤枉分之外，到底該如何回答安排此類分析解決型文章呢?接下來我們就以考官范文為參考進行仔細的分析。如Cambridge IELTS4 Test2: Happiness is considered very important in life. Why is it difficult to define? What factors are important in achieving happiness? 既然題目中出現(xiàn)了2個提問，那么在回答時自然也要一一對應(yīng)回答，而不能忽略了其中某一個。所以考官給出的參考范文一共有5個段落，主體第一段說明原因，第一句話就點明：Because people interpret happiness for themselves in so many different ways, it is difficult to give any definition that is true for everyone. 第二段提出重要因素Of course, factors such as loving relationships, good health, the skills to earn a living and a peaceful environment all contribute to our happiness too. 主體第三段融入了自己的看法I think an ability to keep clear perspectives in life is a more essential factor in achieving happiness. 從這篇考官范文中我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，對于此類文章只要能做到一一對應(yīng)，不要漏題即可輕松拿下，若能加入自己看法自然是更好。

　　另外我們再以Cambridge IELTS8 Test2的題目為例(Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology. In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships people make? Has this become a positive or negative development?)，就考官給出的一篇5.5分的范文進行分析：考官對于該學生范文的評語中明確寫到This answer addresses both questions, but the first is not well covered in terms of how actual relationships have changed. Nevertheless, there is a clear opinion that the effects have been positive and relationships have improved, with some relevant ideas to support this. 這篇范文分析也十分明確地告訴我們，在回答此類題目時切記要回答到位，而且字數(shù)一定要滿足題目的要求。

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