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查看java對(duì)象所占的內(nèi)存大小的方法

時(shí)間:2024-09-03 23:14:27 java語(yǔ)言 我要投稿
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查看java對(duì)象所占的內(nèi)存大小的方法

  做一些cache的時(shí)候,我們不可能把數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的所有的數(shù)據(jù)都緩存到內(nèi)存里面,我們要估計(jì)緩存的大小。那么如何查看java對(duì)象所占的內(nèi)存大小呢?本文為大家介紹一下方法,希望可以為您提供幫助!更多內(nèi)容請(qǐng)關(guān)注應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生考試網(wǎng)!

 。1)做一些cache的時(shí)候,我們不可能把數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的所有的數(shù)據(jù)都緩存到內(nèi)存里面,我們要估計(jì)緩存的大小。

  (2)內(nèi)存泄露的時(shí)候,我們可以查看某些對(duì)象的大小來(lái)定位問(wèn)題,當(dāng)然還有其他的更有效的方式,比如使用MAT分析dump文件

  (3)根據(jù)jvm的堆內(nèi)存設(shè)置,我們可以知道最多可以創(chuàng)建多少個(gè)對(duì)象。

  從jdk5開(kāi)始,提供了Instrumentation API,它有一個(gè)叫做getObjectSize()的方法,但是,這個(gè)方法存在兩個(gè)問(wèn)題:

  (1)不可以直接使用。必須要實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)Instrumentation Agent,還得放到j(luò)ar包里面。

 。2)它只能返回單個(gè)對(duì)象的大小,不能返回內(nèi)部包含的子對(duì)象的大小。

  關(guān)于第一個(gè)問(wèn)題,很好解決,在任何一個(gè)類(lèi)里面聲明一個(gè)"premain"方法,就可以把這個(gè)類(lèi)做成是一個(gè)agent:

  public class SizeOfAgent {

  static Instrumentation inst;

  /** initializes agent */

  public static void premain(String agentArgs, Instrumentation instP) {

  inst = instP;

  }

  }

  jvm在啟動(dòng)的時(shí)候會(huì)調(diào)用premain()方法,同時(shí)會(huì)傳遞Instrumentation這個(gè)對(duì)象實(shí)例,要告訴jvm Instrumentation agent所在的類(lèi),需要把這個(gè)類(lèi)打到j(luò)ar包里面,

  然后在manifest.mf這個(gè)文件設(shè)置一些屬性:

  Premain-Class: sizeof.agent.SizeOfAgent

  Boot-Class-Path:

  Can-Redefine-Classes: false

  java應(yīng)用在啟動(dòng)的時(shí)候,指定-javaagent參數(shù):

  java -javaagent:sizeofag.jar <Your main class>

  拿到Instrumentation這個(gè)實(shí)例以后,就可以調(diào)用sizeOf()方法了:

  public class SizeOfAgent {

  static Instrumentation inst;

  // ...

  public static long sizeOf(Object o) {

  return inst.getObjectSize(o);

  }

  }

  然后可以使用反射來(lái)獲取子對(duì)象的大小。

  完整的代碼如下:

  package com.bj58.test;

  import java.lang.instrument.Instrumentation;

  import java.lang.reflect.Array;

  import java.lang.reflect.Field;

  import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;

  import java.util.IdentityHashMap;

  import java.util.Map;

  import java.util.Stack;

  public class SizeOfAgent {

  static Instrumentation inst;

  /** initializes agent */

  public static void premain(String agentArgs, Instrumentation instP) {

  inst = instP;

  }

  /**

  * Returns object size without member sub-objects.

  *

  * @param o

  *            object to get size of

  * @return object size

  */

  public static long sizeOf(Object o) {

  if (inst == null) {

  throw new IllegalStateException(

  "Can not access instrumentation environment.\n"

  + "Please check if jar file containing SizeOfAgent class is \n"

  + "specified in the java's \"-javaagent\" command line argument.");

  }

  return inst.getObjectSize(o);

  }

  /**

  * Calculates full size of object iterating over its hierarchy graph.

  *

  * @param obj

  *            object to calculate size of

  * @return object size

  */

  public static long fullSizeOf(Object obj) {

  Map<Object, Object> visited = new IdentityHashMap<Object, Object>();

  Stack<Object> stack = new Stack<Object>();

  long result = internalSizeOf(obj, stack, visited);

  while (!stack.isEmpty()) {

  result += internalSizeOf(stack.pop(), stack, visited);

  }

  visited.clear();

  return result;

  }

  private static boolean skipObject(Object obj, Map<Object, Object> visited) {

  if (obj instanceof String) {

  // skip interned string

  if (obj == ((String) obj).intern()) {

  return true;

  }

  }

  return (obj == null) // skip visited object

  || visited.containsKey(obj);

  }

  private static long internalSizeOf(Object obj, Stack<Object> stack,

  Map<Object, Object> visited) {

  if (skipObject(obj, visited)) {

  return 0;

  }

  visited.put(obj, null);

  long result = 0;

  // get size of object + primitive variables + member pointers

  result += SizeOfAgent.sizeOf(obj);

  // process all array elements

  Class clazz = obj.getClass();

  if (clazz.isArray()) {

  if (clazz.getName().length() != 2) {// skip primitive type array

  int length = Array.getLength(obj);

  for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {

  stack.add(Array.get(obj, i));

  }

  }

  return result;

  }

  // process all fields of the object

  while (clazz != null) {

  Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();

  for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {

  if (!Modifier.isStatic(fields[i].getModifiers())) {

  if (fields[i].getType().isPrimitive()) {

  continue; // skip primitive fields

  } else {

  fields[i].setAccessible(true);

  try {

  // objects to be estimated are put to stack

  Object objectToAdd = fields[i].get(obj);

  if (objectToAdd != null) {

  stack.add(objectToAdd);

  }

  } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {

  assert false;

  }

  }

  }

  }

  clazz = clazz.getSuperclass();

  }

  return result;

  }

  }

  然后我們可以做一個(gè)測(cè)試:

  public class Test {

  static class Person{

  private int id;

  private String name;

  private String address;

  public Person(int id, String name, String address) {

  this.id = id;

  this.name = name;

  this.address = address;

  }

  }

  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

  Person p = new Person(12, "xujsh","bj");

  long size = SizeOfAgent.fullSizeOf(p);

  System.out.println(size);

  }

  }

  切換到命令行:

  D:\workspace\objsize\src>java -version

  java version "1.6.0_22"

  Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_22-b04)

  Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 17.1-b03, mixed mode, sharing)

  D:\workspace\objsize\src>javac com/bj58/test/*.java

  D:\workspace\objsize\src>jar -cvfm size.jar MANIFEST.MF com/bj58/test/*

  標(biāo)明清單(manifest)

  增加:com/bj58/test/SizeOfAgent.class(讀入= 3119) (寫(xiě)出= 1698)(壓縮了 45%)

  增加:com/bj58/test/SizeOfAgent.java(讀入= 3147) (寫(xiě)出= 1204)(壓縮了 61%)

  增加:com/bj58/test/Test$Person.class(讀入= 442) (寫(xiě)出= 305)(壓縮了 30%)

  增加:com/bj58/test/Test.class(讀入= 692) (寫(xiě)出= 441)(壓縮了 36%)

  增加:com/bj58/test/Test.java(讀入= 509) (寫(xiě)出= 290)(壓縮了 43%)

  D:\workspace\objsize\src>java -javaagent:size.jar com.bj58.test.Test

  24

  MANIFEST.MF:

  Manifest-Version: 1.0

  Main-Class: com.bj58.test.Test

  Premain-Class: com.bj58.test.SizeOfAgent

  Boot-Class-Path:

  Can-Redefine-Classes: false

  【注意】MANIFEST.MF文件的格式要求比較嚴(yán)格,每一行要滿足:key:空格value回車(chē)

  \

  如何在web應(yīng)用程序里面使用呢?

  以我的tomcat為例,

  (1)把size.jar上傳tomcat的lib目錄下面

  (2)修改catalina.sh:

  添加一行:

  JAVA_OPTS="$JAVA_OPTS -javaagent:$CATALINA_HOME/lib/size.jar"  //這一行是新添加的

  if [ -z "$LOGGING_MANAGER" ]; then

  JAVA_OPTS="$JAVA_OPTS -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager"

  else

  JAVA_OPTS="$JAVA_OPTS $LOGGING_MANAGER"

  fi

  (3)在應(yīng)用里面添加一個(gè)controler:

  @Path(value = "/api/size")

  @GET

  public ActionResult size() {

  Map<Long, List<Long>> map = ApiUtils.getHotindexBaidu();

  long size = SizeOfAgent.fullSizeOf(map);

  return new ApiActionResult("size:"+size);

  }

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