考研英語基礎(chǔ)階段的復(fù)習(xí)分析
考研英語語法包含了16大基礎(chǔ)時(shí)態(tài),不同的時(shí)態(tài)對應(yīng)謂語及動詞具有不同的展現(xiàn)形式,需要考生認(rèn)真的理解和區(qū)分。小編為大家精心準(zhǔn)備了考研英語基礎(chǔ)階段的復(fù)習(xí)總結(jié),歡迎大家前來閱讀。
考研英語基礎(chǔ)時(shí)態(tài)知識點(diǎn):過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.概念:表示某個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動作或狀態(tài),持續(xù)到過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻,還未完成,一直持續(xù)到之后的當(dāng)前才結(jié)束。
2.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+ had + been + doing +其它
3.例子:
She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考試之前一直患重感冒。
Had they been expecting the news for some time?他們期待這個(gè)消息有一段時(shí)間了吧?
4.特殊含義:
①尚未完成:He had been writing the novel.他已經(jīng)在寫小說了。(他沒寫完)
②企圖:He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.他曾經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)過這個(gè)諺語。(他曾努力學(xué)習(xí)過它)
③未得結(jié)果:We had been studying what our enemy had said.我們一直致力于敵人所說的。(但是我們沒有理解)
、茏罱闆r:He had been quarrelling with his wife.他和他的妻子吵了一場架。(最近)
⑤反復(fù)動作:He had been asking me the same question.他一直問我相同的問題。(屢次)
、耷榫w:What had he been doing?他做了什么?(不耐煩)
考研英語基礎(chǔ)時(shí)態(tài)的要點(diǎn):過去完成時(shí)
1.概念:以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在此以前發(fā)生的動作或行為,或在過去某動作之前完成的行為,即“過去的過去”。
2.時(shí)間狀語:Before,by the end of last year (term,month…),etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+had + p.p(過去分詞)+其它
4.否定形式:主語+had + not +p.p(過去分詞)+其它
5.一般疑問句:had放于句首。
6.例句:
As soon as we got to the station,the train had left
.當(dāng)我們到車站的時(shí)候,火車已經(jīng)開走了。
By the end of last month,we had reviewed four books
.到上個(gè)月底,我們已經(jīng)復(fù)習(xí)了四本書。
基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+had+p.p(過去分詞)+其它
、倏隙ň洌褐髡Z+ had+p.p(過去分詞)+其它
②否定句:主語+ had+ not+p.p(過去分詞)+其它
、垡话阋蓡柧洌篐ad+主語+p.p(過去分詞)+其它
、芴厥庖蓡柧洌禾厥庖蓡栐~+一般疑問句
考研英語語法重點(diǎn):平行結(jié)構(gòu)
一、平行結(jié)構(gòu)的基本原則
在許多英語句式中,平行結(jié)構(gòu)是延長英文句子的重要因素之一。像簡單的并列連詞and, or, but等就有這種類型的含義,它們要求在結(jié)構(gòu)和功能上保持一致。因此運(yùn)用平行結(jié)構(gòu)的基本原則就是以同類語法形式來表達(dá)同類概念,用來表達(dá)強(qiáng)調(diào)與其、節(jié)約用詞的修辭效果。真題上的例子有許多:For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. (2011-T1)該句就是由not only……but also連接兩個(gè)with短語,構(gòu)成的平行結(jié)構(gòu)。再來一句Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. 該句中也存在兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如今,Entergy公司突然發(fā)出聲明:根據(jù)2006年的法規(guī),2002年的協(xié)議無效,而且只有聯(lián)邦政府對核問題具有監(jiān)管權(quán)。
二、構(gòu)成并列結(jié)構(gòu)的連接詞
最熟悉的莫過于and了,但是不僅僅只有and, 表示同等關(guān)系中的besides副詞連接詞也是常見。它們所連接的前后句在語法地位上平等一致。這樣的詞還有and, not only…but also, neither…nor, moreover, furthermore, in addition, what’s more.在2005年閱讀第四篇中就有這樣一個(gè)例子:Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves.這句中是由否定詞nor連接的并列句,并且第二個(gè)分句還是由nor引導(dǎo),發(fā)生了倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。另外,由either…or…, otherwise, or else,等表示選擇的連接副詞連接的句子,表達(dá)的.是一種選擇關(guān)系。
還有就是表示轉(zhuǎn)折的并列連詞,如but, yet, however, while, whereas,not…but等。真題例句:The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. 這里就是一個(gè)由not…but連接的表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列句。
最后一種熟悉的并列結(jié)構(gòu)就是因果并列句。這種句子通常由so, therefore為代表。Often it’s the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.該句中就是由so連接的兩個(gè)并列句。
另外需要注意一點(diǎn)就是很多副詞也有連接的含義,但是它們并不能連接句子,只能由分號或者and連接。例如:She felt very tired; therefore she went to bed early.
三、平行并列結(jié)構(gòu)中的一致性問題
在平行結(jié)構(gòu)中,為了使句子前后保持平衡,句中的并列成分應(yīng)該在結(jié)構(gòu)上保持一致性。The instrument has been welcomed by user because of its stability in serviceability, reliability in operation and simplicity in maintenance.這句中its stability in serviceability, reliability in operation and simplicity in maintenance這三者存在由and連接的并列關(guān)系,并且在結(jié)構(gòu)上保持了一致。翻譯的時(shí)候也要注意其翻譯的一致性:該儀器性能穩(wěn)定,操作可靠,維修方便,因而受到用戶歡迎。
最后補(bǔ)充說明一定,并列結(jié)構(gòu)在完形中出現(xiàn)的頻率很高,而且做題的技巧往往就集中在這些并列中。比如,如果在not only后挖空的話,答案往往就與but also之后的詞有關(guān)。
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