考研英語閱讀題型有哪些解題思路
考研英語閱讀理解部分占比40%，是重頭戲，這部分要拿分，考生必須要熟悉各類題型解題技巧，多練多總結(jié)。小編為大家精心準(zhǔn)備了考研英語閱讀題型解題技巧，歡迎大家前來閱讀。
考研英語閱讀題型解題方法
一. 細(xì)節(jié)題
1、題干上有五個W一個H提問。
2、題干中明確會提到的時間、地點(diǎn)、人物或者事物等細(xì)節(jié)信息。
3、有可能針對文章中的一句話或者幾句話發(fā)問。
4、題干和選項有可能考察一種因果關(guān)系。
5、解題關(guān)鍵：返回原文，準(zhǔn)確定位。
做題依據(jù)一定要緊扣文章本身，要注意返回原文找答案：
1、可以根據(jù)題干所列的地點(diǎn)、時間、人物、事物返回原文。
2、根據(jù)出題的順序返回原文。
3、根據(jù)題干中或四個選項中的重點(diǎn)詞或同義詞返回原文。
4、通過長難句返回原文。
二. 句子理解題
1、標(biāo)志：題干中明確指出是原文中的某句話，重要的不是上下文，而是句子本身。
2、步驟：
(1)重點(diǎn)是返回原文，對該句子進(jìn)行語法、句法、詞法的精準(zhǔn)解析。正確(不能推)理解句子的深刻含義。
(2)若該句話的含義不能確定，則適當(dāng)依據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行判斷。局部含義有整體含義決定。
(3)一般來說，選項中的正確答案與原句是同義關(guān)系，只不過用其他短語表達(dá)。
3、錯誤選項特征：推的過遠(yuǎn)，做題時注意把握理解度。
4、正確選項不包含過于絕對化的詞語。
三. 主旨大意題
1、標(biāo)志：best title， main idea， main problem，conclusion，mainly disguss， mainly deal with或者問作者的寫作目的purpose, the author intends to do sth, a digest of，利用宏觀閱讀技巧作主旨題，不管是出現(xiàn)在什么位置，都把他作為最后一題來做。
2、方法：
(1)段落少，用串線法。
(2)快速作文法：兩個選項難以分辨的時候，用這兩個選項做作文，快速給出提綱。
3、選項不能選擇局部信息，也不能選范圍過寬的信息。
四. 態(tài)度題
1、標(biāo)志：題干中出現(xiàn)attitude ，believe ，consider， deam， regard，deem
2、作者態(tài)度可以分為三大類：
(1)正態(tài)度：支持，樂觀，贊同
(2)客觀、中立、公正
(3)反對、批評、懷疑
3、等價選項都不選
4、有些選項一定不是正確答案(永陪選項)：indifferent(漠不關(guān)心);subjective(主觀的);biased(有偏見的);puzzled(迷惑不解的)
5、識別作者態(tài)度：
方法一：可以根據(jù)作者論述的主線及舉例的方式進(jìn)行判斷。
方法二：當(dāng)作者態(tài)度沒有明確提出時，找文章中有褒貶含義、含有感情色彩的詞。
6、特別注意作者的態(tài)度一般與文章中心相聯(lián)系。做題時不要把自己的態(tài)度納入其中，而且要注意區(qū)分作者的態(tài)度和作者引用別人的態(tài)度。
五. 態(tài)度題新趨勢
1、現(xiàn)在題目的考察不僅僅局限于作者的態(tài)度，也開始考察文章中某人的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度，做題時特別應(yīng)該注意看清楚題目考察的是誰對誰的態(tài)度。
2、選項可能不在是態(tài)度明確的肯定或者否定的詞，而是改為帶有程度限制的詞語，帶有如下詞語的選項往往是正確的：guarded(慎重的)，qualified(有條件的)，tempered(緩和的)，因為帶有保留態(tài)度的觀點(diǎn)比較客觀，一般帶有絕對化或者過于強(qiáng)烈的詞的選項必然是錯誤的，如：strongly，compeletly，entirely。
六. 推理題
1、標(biāo)志：往往出現(xiàn)infer，imply，learn
2、解題關(guān)鍵：
(1)絕大多數(shù)推理題答案是文章中心或原文某句話的同義表達(dá)。正確答案與原文之間基本上不存在推理關(guān)系。
(2)做題時看是否可以通過題干返回原文，或者依據(jù)選項返回原文，一般圍繞文章中的一兩個重點(diǎn)句進(jìn)行思考，特別注意文章中含義深刻或者結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句子。因為對作者所表達(dá)的意思不能一下子理解的長難句是命題所在。
尤其注意：做題時不能想的太多，推的太遠(yuǎn)，是否能把原文看懂才是關(guān)鍵。
七. 例證題
1、標(biāo)志：example， exemplify，illustration，demonstration
2、解題關(guān)鍵：不在于是否看懂了例子，而在于是否找到了例子所支持的觀點(diǎn)。
3、步驟：
(1)返回原文，找出該例子支持的觀點(diǎn)。80%向上，20%向下。
(2)在四個選項中尋找與找到的論點(diǎn)表達(dá)最一致、意思最接近的一個。
注意：有時候例證題所支持的觀點(diǎn)需要?dú)w納總結(jié)。
4、錯誤答案的論述方式：混淆論點(diǎn)與論據(jù);列舉無關(guān)常識。
八. 判斷題
1、標(biāo)志：which of the following statement is not ture? All of the following is ture except...
2、 思路：
(1)首先判斷是三對一錯還是三錯一對，所謂對是符合原文或者符合作者態(tài)度的。所謂錯是指原文有矛盾或者原文未提及的概念，或者與作者態(tài)度相反的內(nèi)容。
(2)每個選項力爭返回原文，與原文信息進(jìn)行一一比較排除。
(3)注意這種題目的選項，有時候會集中于某段的信息或者各具一些共同特征，所以做題時可以先對比一下四個選項，找出其中可能存在的共同點(diǎn)，再回到原文定位。
九. 詞匯題
1、標(biāo)志：在題目中明確指出某處的單詞或者詞組，要求辨別其意思。
2、關(guān)鍵：該單詞并不重要，重要的是上下文。
3、如果該單詞認(rèn)識，并且不超綱，那么他的字面意思絕對不是正確答案。其正確答案是根據(jù)上下文推出的更深層的含義，該含義也許與原單詞表面意思沒有關(guān)系。
4、方法借助上下文理解，在上下文中尋找同性詞或詞組，利用上下文中邏輯關(guān)系將四個選項代入替換，看語義是否通順。
十. 指代題
1、標(biāo)志：在題干中明確指出某個代詞要求辨別it，that，one，they。
2、步驟：
(1)返回原文，定位代詞，并且準(zhǔn)確理解分析該句話。
(2)向上搜索離其最近的名詞、短語、句子。
(3)將找到的詞，短語，句子帶入替換，看是否通順。
(4)在四個選項中，找與找到的詞最接近的選項。
考研英語閱讀復(fù)習(xí)的關(guān)鍵
首先了解閱讀的命題趨勢，綜合分析近5年的 考研真題，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，閱讀理解有以下一些趨勢，題材主要集中在，經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、環(huán)保等重大熱點(diǎn)方向。很多文章都摘自報刊評論。四篇文章中總有一篇比較難的/，那我們該如何復(fù)習(xí)那?
首先，選擇合適的閱讀理解復(fù)習(xí)參考書非常重要，結(jié)合眾多考研者的成功經(jīng)驗、各個輔導(dǎo)班推薦以及我們的分析，以下參考書組合都是比較理想的/1 《歷年真題》把近10多年年的真題搞透，逐篇的分析，逐篇的翻譯，一天一篇。許多考生沒有認(rèn)真研究真題，結(jié)果上了考場完全傻了，因此，真題是必備的，值的注意的是真題不是試卷本身，而是有答案的詳細(xì)講解和完全翻譯的書，如新東方編的還是不錯的，復(fù)習(xí)時，第一遍按照常規(guī)的方法做一遍，完了之后，在結(jié)合正確答案仔細(xì)分析每道題的出題的思路和正確答案的理由，。
其次，各個英語輔導(dǎo)名師編著的英語閱讀理解，真題的出題思路反映考試大綱的要求，但畢竟材料的時效性存在不足，還應(yīng)該補(bǔ)充更多閱讀一些這方面的材料，如，新東方的閱讀等。另外，真題我們著重的是研習(xí)，而這些材料著重的則是練習(xí)，需知閱讀理解水平必須要經(jīng)過大量的練習(xí)才提高。以上所選資料可供大家參考3/英語報刊雜志，近幾年的考研閱讀出題趨勢偏向報刊文章，所以，整個英語復(fù)習(xí)期間，最好能每天抽點(diǎn)時間閱讀一篇報刊文章就好了，而且前面我講過，讀這類材料有助于提高語感。需要注意的是讀第一遍的時候最好不要看翻譯否則對閱讀水平的提高不大，整篇看完后，在看翻譯，檢驗一下自己的閱讀，這些資料可以作為補(bǔ)充。
怎樣才能學(xué)好?
1、掌握基本閱讀方法是基礎(chǔ)。很多人在閱讀中往往只用一種閱讀方法，這樣對于平時閱讀還可以，但對于考研對閱讀的高要求來說，顯然是不夠的。因此，在閱讀理解復(fù)習(xí)的前期，應(yīng)該把閱讀分成這么幾個部分。略讀、泛讀、精讀、掃讀這么幾個部分
2、真題分析是核心
3、長難句分析是主要工作。
看過真題的考生都有這樣的感覺。閱讀中的長難句太多，這使短文變的很難，的確如此，考研與四、六級不同，考研更多的是考能力，而四、六級更多的是考水平和速度。事實(shí)上，考研閱讀每篇大概用10—20分鐘來做，而四、六級最多能用8—10分鐘就的做完。長難句不過關(guān)，對考研閱讀水平就沒有實(shí)質(zhì)性的提高在一點(diǎn)就是花點(diǎn)時間去看看語法，兩者結(jié)合。會事半功倍的，值得強(qiáng)調(diào)的是語法較差的考生一定要做這項工作。
4、樹立主動的閱讀意識是關(guān)鍵。這是一種意識，軟性條件，就看誰的意志力強(qiáng)，能堅持每天的計劃，久而久之，主動的閱讀意識就能加強(qiáng)，考試也就沒什么可擔(dān)心的'。
考研英語寫作破解圖表作文指南
▶一、出題形式
例1題目：Changes in People's Diet
Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to:
1.state the changes in people's diet(飲食)in the past five years;
2.give possible reasons for the changes;
3.draw your own conclusions.
You should quote as few figures as possible.
例2題目：Car Accidents Declining in Walton City
Remember that your composition must be written according to the following outline;
1.Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph;
2.Possible reason(s)for the decline of car accidents in the city;
3.Your predictions of what will happen this year.
Your composition should be no less than 120 words and you should quote as few figures as possible.
例3 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Health Gain in Developing Countries. Your composition must be no less than 120 words and you should base your composition on the following instructions(given in Chinese)：
1. 以下圖為依據(jù)描述發(fā)展中國家的期望壽命(life expectancy)和嬰兒死亡率(infant mortality)的變化情況
2. 說明引起變化的各種原因
從以上例子可見，圖表作文一般在題目中給出作文的標(biāo)題和一個或幾個統(tǒng)計表格、圓形圖、曲線圖或條形圖，有時還用英文或中文提綱的形式給出提示，要求我們：
1)用文字描述圖表，客觀解釋圖表中所傳遞的信息，并找出某種規(guī)律或趨勢;
2)就圖表中所反映的某種趨勢或問題分析其原因或后果。
▶二、寫作要領(lǐng)
圖表作文著重說明事實(shí)，常常是通過對圖表中所反映的具體數(shù)據(jù)的說明、分析、比較，對某種事物或現(xiàn)象的事實(shí)或變化情況等加以說明，并提出結(jié)論或看法。因此，圖表作文常常采用議論文體的寫作方法。寫好圖表作文，關(guān)鍵在于能否讀懂圖表中所提供的信息，把握各信息間的聯(lián)系，用準(zhǔn)確流暢的語言把這一信息表達(dá)出來，并就這一信息發(fā)表自己的看法。
▶三、寫作步驟
寫圖表作文時，要注意遵循以下步驟：
1) 認(rèn)真分析圖表的含義，弄清圖表中所含的信息及不同信息間的關(guān)系;
2) 確定文章的主題思想，構(gòu)思出文章的基本框架，篩選出能說明圖表主題思想的典型數(shù)據(jù);
3) 編列文章的提綱;
4) 根據(jù)文章的提綱，將各段的提綱內(nèi)容擴(kuò)展成段落，然后將各個段落組成文章，注意段與段之間的銜接與過渡;
5) 檢查與修改。
▶四、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
寫圖表作文時，常采用三段式的謀篇方式。文章的第一段往往分析圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)變化反映什么問題或趨勢，概述圖表所揭示的信息。第二段分析造成這一問題或趨勢的原因。第三段則展望未來的情況或提出解決問題的辦法或建議。這一結(jié)構(gòu)可以簡單地表述為：
第一段：概述圖表反映的主題思想
第二段：分析產(chǎn)生的原因
第三段：展望未來或提出方法或建議
▶五、作文模版(一)
問題解決型
As is shown in the picture(graph\cartoon\table)，it goes without saying that the drawing aims at revealing a common problem(in China)：______.Its status as the focus of public concern mainly results from its profound influence on individuals, collective and even the whole world. Each of us should attach high emphasis on solving it.
As a matter of fact, the symbolic meaning the picture conveys is deep and profound. Naturally and necessarily, there are two major ways coping with this problem. The first way to tackle it is to appeal to authorities to take measures. Once achieving the success of solving the problem, the whole society also thrives/makes progress. Solving the problem can accelerate better individuals'development. The other way that is worth adopting is to work out new laws. Where there are better laws, there are more hopes, vitality and development. These advisable laws eventually brings economic prosperity and social harmony. Finally, I can safely come to the conclusion that it is high time we enhanced the awareness of people that is every vital to us. Only by these means can we succeed in solving the problem in the near future.(1 Therefore, measures should be taken to terminate the ridiculous affair. First and foremost, governments should establish some regulations to prohibit enterprises and people from making such misdeeds. What's more, people should get ready to pass criticism upon such misdeeds anytime and anywhere. After all, it is necessary to develop our society by performing hard work instead of talking nonsense.
In my opinion, it is imperative that we should take some drastic actions. On the one hand, we should appeal to our authorities to enact concrete laws to control commercial fishing. On the other hand, we should enhance people's awareness that ocean resources are vital to us and the ecological balance will be guaranteed with the strategy of sustainable development. Only by doing so can we effectively protect our natural resources. Also I am convinced that we humans can overcome this difficulty and we will have a bright future.)
To conclude, we should not yield to mediocrity regardless of seemingly insurmountable obstacles. So the prospect we are looking forward to will be bright and encouraging.
▶作文模版(二)
正面現(xiàn)象歌頌型1
As is shown in the picture(graph\cartoon\table)， it goes without saying that the drawing aims at revealing a common problem(in China):It has attracted extensive attention of the society. Nowadays, increasingly more argumentations about it can be found in TV programs,newspapers,university classes and many aspects of our everyday life.Its status as the focus of public concern mainly results from its profound influence on individuals, collective and even the whole world. First of all,is crucial for every individual.With its seemingly magic power, it can not only accelerate better individuals'development, but serve as an efficient instrument for individuals to change the world. Those equipped with it are always admired and respected, because it may endow them with more competence, chances, self-confidence to overcome difficulties and handle problems.Those people appear to possess a special charm,bringing to others hope, passion and surprise,and,thus winning others'favor and trust.It can directly promote the rapid progress of the organization with its energy and indirectly spurs continuous development with the good culture it generates.Through continuously promoting the social productivity, unceasingly improving the productive relationship, and gradually enriching human material and spiritual wealth, eventually brings economic prosperity and social harmony.In short, where there is betterthere are more hopes, vitality and development. When we are benefiting from it, we shall also do our utmost to maintain its vitality to ensure ourselves a brighter future.
正面現(xiàn)象歌頌型2
As is vividly in the picture(s)，it is a contemporary social issue in China of common interests and permanent value. The picture(s)does reflect a thought-provoking social phenomenon which is not uncommon nowadays.When weighing in the mind,we find an apparent tendency underlying this sight:,Simple as it is,what the picture conveys to us is thought-provoking.With the development of economy and society, competition is becoming increasingly fierce.It is impossible for anyone to finish a task without .Hence, people in mounting numbers put great emphasis on .In fact, it has been universally acknowledged that the ability of s the most essential qualification that anyone who wants to achieve success should possess. Numerous examples can be given, but this will suffice. A case in point is the successful host of Beijing 2008 Olympic Games and the deadly earthquake in Si Chuan province.These cases effectively clarify that really counts in this competition society.
Accordingly, it is imperative for us to take some measures to enhance the sense of in our society. We should bear in mind that is of great significance to both our society and ourselves. Everyone should have the ability of. Only in this way can we achieve success and only in this way can our society become more harmonious to live in.
反面現(xiàn)象批評型
How enlightening and compelling the above drawing is!It is so funny that whoever sees it cannot help thinking:.(這句自己加完整，從宏觀上描述一下圖畫就可以，籠統(tǒng)的，大體的)while.(這句從微觀上具體說明一下圖畫要描述的矛盾點(diǎn)，必須找到矛盾點(diǎn)，用到while這個單詞)Simple as it looks,its intended meaning goes far deeper what on earth does the drawer really aim to convey.第二段：What the image above vividly mirrors goes far more than a simple image,instead,it carries a thought provoking social phenomenon:.(本文的主旨)There are upsetting(如文章不是諷刺性的，就把upsetting刪除)parallels today in our contemporary community. For example,.(舉2個例子，如果字?jǐn)?shù)夠就舉1個)第三段：Much can be done. To begin with the schools and the mass media should develop,guide and cultivate noble and worthy values and qualities among people,doing their utmost to awaken people of the growing threat of this worsening situation.(of this worsening situation自己可以換成主旨的詞，如果不換，這樣也可以。如文章不是諷刺性的，就把worsening刪除)What is more,the authorities concerned should play a dominant role in taking nationwide actions to curb(如文章不是諷刺性的，就把curb換成promote)such practices.In conclusion,all the society should make actively more sustained and concerted efforts.Although we still have a long way to go,a promising start has begun,and a happy,healthy and harmonious society may be not be far behind.
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