科技界男女失衡,蓋茨夫人要出手了的英語(yǔ)美文
It could be just another monthly partner meeting at just another “Fill in the Blank” Capital， typical Silicon Valley–based venture firm。 The fund’s top players sit around a white conference table， armed with Apple laptops and pastel—colored cans of La Croix。 A couple of startup entrepreneurs stop by to present to the partners， enthusing over upward—trending charts and touting the merits of recent hires。 Outside the expansive windows lies the not—quite—bustling heart of downtown Palo Alto—a town that， along with nearby Menlo Park and the city of San Francisco， is a mecca for Arc’teryx vest–wearing VCs。
這場(chǎng)月度合伙人會(huì)議跟以往沒(méi)什么區(qū)別，很可能又是典型硅谷風(fēng)投公司在“填補(bǔ)空白”資本�；鸶邔幼诎咨珪�(huì)議室桌前，每人面前擺著蘋果電腦和彩色灌裝樂(lè)活氣泡水。幾位創(chuàng)業(yè)公司的企業(yè)家向合伙人們介紹，一邊展示滿是向上箭頭的圖表，一邊吹噓最近招到什么大牛。開(kāi)闊的窗戶外，是帕洛阿爾托鬧市中心，但不太喧鬧。帕洛阿爾托跟附近的門洛帕克和舊金山市都是那幫喜歡穿始祖鳥戶外裝的風(fēng)投大佬云集之地。
But anyone who knows this hub of venture capital would immediately spot something unusual about this particular gathering： Four of the eight investors seated around the table are female。 And one of the two presenting portfolio company heads is also a woman。 In Silicon Valley， where unicorns are a dime a dozen， this kind of gender ratio is the real rare and magical discovery。
但如果對(duì)風(fēng)投資本中心帕洛阿爾托有所了解，就會(huì)立刻發(fā)現(xiàn)這場(chǎng)會(huì)議有點(diǎn)異樣：桌前八位投資人里有四位都是女性。兩家作介紹的被投公司負(fù)責(zé)人里，有一位也是女性。硅谷的獨(dú)角獸遍地，但一次會(huì)上女性占比如此之高真是罕見(jiàn)，堪稱神奇。
“If you have more diversity you have better financial performance，” says Theresia Gouw， one—half of the founding team of Aspect Ventures， the norm—breaking VC firm at hand （the other founder is Jennifer Fonstad）。 “Our company is nearly 50/50 in an industry in which just 7% of investors are female。 And our portfolio is a reflection of our pipeline。”
“公司多元化程度越高，業(yè)績(jī)就越好，”新派風(fēng)投公司Aspect Ventures創(chuàng)始二人組之一特蕾西亞。格武表示（另一位創(chuàng)始人是珍妮佛。馮斯塔）�！靶袠I(yè)里女性從業(yè)者只占7%，在我們公司接近50%。從投資對(duì)象也能體現(xiàn)出公司理念�！�
Gouw and Fonstad， both longtime VCs who worked at firms like Accel and DFJ， didn’t set out to create a “female—focused” fund when they launched Aspect in 2014。 But they believed that diversity， both internally and throughout their portfolio companies， would lead to better outcomes—and they had the right Rolodex to test out their thesis。 “We have different networks than the traditional firms on Sand Hill Road，” says Fonstad， referring to the nearby street where the bulk of the most established VCs are headquartered。
格武和馮斯塔都長(zhǎng)期從事風(fēng)投行業(yè)，之前在Accel和德豐杰等公司工作。2014年創(chuàng)立Aspect時(shí)，她們并沒(méi)打算成立“女性主義”風(fēng)投基金。但二人都認(rèn)為不管是內(nèi)部還是投資對(duì)象公司里，多元化都可以提升業(yè)績(jī)，而她們的關(guān)系網(wǎng)也很適合測(cè)試多元化理論�！案韫壬城鹇飞蟼鹘y(tǒng)公司相比，我們的關(guān)系網(wǎng)不太一樣，”馮斯塔表示，沙丘路是公司附近一條聚集了多家著名風(fēng)投總部的路。
The results： Over the course of their careers， Gouw and Fonstad’s investments have resulted in a collective seven public offerings， 26 acquisitions， and more than 500 financing rounds in follow—on capital。 Aspect， which is now announcing a second， larger fund with some big—name limited partners （more on that later）， began with $150 million in financing and has already made 29 Series A investments。 One of its portfolio companies， security startup ForeScout， went public last fall at a valuation of about $800 million。 Other standout investments under Aspect’s first fund include Cato Networksand Exabeam， both promising cybersecurity startups； health—tech player Vida Health； and online career source The Muse。
結(jié)果是，格武與馮斯塔合作投資的公司里，已經(jīng)有七家成功上市，并購(gòu)26起，還有500多起跟投交易。Aspect現(xiàn)在宣布新成立一只更大規(guī)模的基金，有不少著名有限合伙人加入（詳見(jiàn)后文），初始融資規(guī)模1。5億美元，已有29起A輪投資。證券創(chuàng)業(yè)公司ForeScout是被投公司之一，去年秋天成功上市，估值約8億美元。Aspect第一輪投出的出色案例還包括Cato Networks和Exabeam，兩家都是很有前景的'網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全領(lǐng)域創(chuàng)業(yè)公司；還有醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域的Vida Health；提供在線求職資源的 The Muse。
Overall， women founders receive less than 3% of total VC dollars （women of color， meanwhile， get a meager 0。2%）， but Aspect’s portfolio looks strikingly different from the norm： About 40% of the firm’s companies were founded by women， and 30% were started by minorities。 Once， those numbers might have been a mere curiosity—today they are becoming a competitive advantage。 While investing for diversity is something certain industry players have been pushing for a long time， the message is finally beginning to be received by the deep—pocketed individuals and institutions that fund the Silicon Valley ecosystem。 Why？ Ignoring it can be expensive。
總體來(lái)說(shuō)，女性創(chuàng)始人獲得的風(fēng)投資金不到總投資額3%（其中有色人種女性僅能獲得0。2%），但Aspect的投資案例完全不一樣：約40%被投公司創(chuàng)始人為女性，30%創(chuàng)始人為少數(shù)人種女性。以前這些數(shù)字還只能引起人們好奇，如今卻成了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。雖然業(yè)內(nèi)不少人一直在推動(dòng)投資多元化，但現(xiàn)在硅谷風(fēng)投背后的富裕個(gè)人和機(jī)構(gòu)終于開(kāi)始接受了。為什么？因?yàn)椴唤邮芸赡艽鷥r(jià)很大。
Last summer， after six female founders accused venture capitalist Justin Caldbeck of making unwanted sexual advances， his firm， Binary Capital， spiraled downward fast。 Caldbeck quickly resigned from the all—male firm。 A new fund， then in the process of being raised by Binary， was abruptly halted。
去年夏天，六位女性創(chuàng)始人指控風(fēng)投資本家賈斯汀�？ǖ仑惪藢�(shí)施性騷擾，他的公司Binary Capital也急轉(zhuǎn)直下。卡德貝克迅速?gòu)倪@家全為男性的公司辭職。Binary正在融資過(guò)程中的新基金也只得叫停。
In Silicon Valley， where unicorns are everywhere， gender balance is the real rare and magical entity。
硅谷的獨(dú)角獸遍地都是，但實(shí)現(xiàn)性別平衡的公司非常罕見(jiàn)而且神奇。
It’s not just venture capital firms that can be impacted。 Perhaps the most high—profile example of how such misconduct can destroy value is Uber， the ride—sharing company rocked by allegations of harassment and sexism early last year。 A number of other embarrassing debacles followed—including reports that Uber had used a software tool to try to deceive authorities by “hiding” rides—and ultimately resulted in a more than 20% decrease to the once high—flying company’s valuation， from around $70 billion to an estimated $54 billion�！�
受到影響的不只是風(fēng)投公司。也許最能體現(xiàn)性別歧視可能摧毀價(jià)值的例子就是Uber了，去年初共享車輛平臺(tái)Uber因被指存在性騷擾和性別歧視而大受打擊。之后又出現(xiàn)幾起丑聞，包括Uber曾使用軟件工具“隱瞞”某些派單從而規(guī)避監(jiān)管，最終導(dǎo)致估值縮水超過(guò)20%，從之前高達(dá)700億美元降至估計(jì)540億美元。
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