大學(xué)英語(yǔ)AB級(jí)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)習(xí)

　　A. very, that B. so, that C. such, as D. enough, as

　　4) . He always thinks I’m wrong, _____________I may say.

　　A. no matter whatever B. whatever C. what D. that

　　5) Not until I began to work __________how much time I had wasted.

　　A. didn’t I realize B. did I realize

　　C.I didn’t realize D. I realized

　　(八) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣

　　在下列表示具有請(qǐng)求、建議、愿望、命令等主觀意向的動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞、過(guò)去分詞等之后的從句中，需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。形式是“should+動(dòng)詞原形”或者省去“should”, 直接用動(dòng)詞原形。

　　1. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于賓語(yǔ)從句

　　常用動(dòng)詞有：一個(gè)堅(jiān)持(insist);

　　兩個(gè)命令(order, command);

　　四項(xiàng)要求(demand, desire, require, request);

　　四條建議(advise, suggest, propose, recommend)。

　　1)The guard at the gate insisted that everyone __________ the rules.

　　A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey

　　2) He ordered that the medicine (should) be sent by a special plane. 他命令用專機(jī)來(lái)運(yùn)送藥品。

　　2. 用于主語(yǔ)從句

　　常用形容詞：necessary, important, essential, desirable, advisable, imperative(迫切的), urgent, preferable, vital, insistent, crucial(緊要關(guān)頭), strange(不可思議的)

　　常用的分詞：suggested, proposed, demanded, required, requested，desired, ordered, recommended, insisted, asked, resolved等

　　1)、It is vital that enough money____ to fund the project.

　　A)be collected B)must be collected

　　C)is collected D)can be collected

　　2)、It is recommended that the project ____ until all the preparations have been made.

　　A)is not started B)will not be started

　　C)is not to be started D)not be started

　　3. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句

　　常見(jiàn)的名詞有：suggestion, advise, proposal, order, decision, request, requirement, necessity, desire, demand, idea, motion, necessity, insistence, instruction, plan, preference, recommendation, resolution

　　1) My suggestion is that we (should) send a few people to help the other group.

　　我的建議是我們派幾個(gè)人去幫相別的小組。

　　2) This was his order that we stay where we were.

　　4 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于狀語(yǔ)從句

　　1)_____ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.

　　A. Had they arrived B. Were they arriving

　　C. Would they arrive D. Were they to arrive

　　2) The tree looked as if it ____for a long time.

　　A. hasn’t watered B. didn’t water

　　C. hadn’t been watered D. wasn’t watered

　　5 虛擬語(yǔ)氣的其它用法

　　1)It is (high, about) time…句型，表示“早該干某事而已有些晚了”。If only 引起的感嘆句，表示“但愿，該。。。就搞了”。

　　1) It’s time ____ about the traffic problem downtown.

　　A. something was done B. anything will be done

　　C. everything is done D. nothing to be done

　　2) Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I ____ your advice.

　　A. follow B. had followed C. would follow D. have followed

　　2) 條件暗含在with, without, but for, or , otherwise, except for , under the condition, in the position of 等介詞短語(yǔ)中，謂語(yǔ)一般要用should+動(dòng)詞原形或省略should, 直接用動(dòng)詞原形。

　　1)____ the storm, the ship would have reached its destination on time.

　　A. In spite of B. In case of C. But for D. Because of

　　2) We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we _____ him.

　　A. would have telephoned B. must have telephoned

　　C. would telephone D. had telephoned

　　3) He must have had an accident, or he _______ then.

　　A. would have been here B. had to be here

　　C. should be here D. would be here

　　3. lest, for fear that, in order that, in case 引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　1) The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell (軟墊小室) lest he ___ himself. (A)

　　A. injure B. had injured C. injured D. would injure

　　4. wish, would rather/sooner/as soon后的賓語(yǔ)從句。©

　　I’d rather you _____ make any comment on the issue for the time being.

　　A. don’t B. wouldn’t C. didn’t D. shouldn’t

　　九、主謂一致

　　重點(diǎn)：語(yǔ)法上一致就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。

　　▲ 如果主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)而后面跟有with， together with，along with, combined with, in addition to, except， but， like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides， including等引起的短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式;若主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　▲ 如果主語(yǔ)是由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞且前面有every, each, no等詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Every boy and girl in this region is taught to read and write.

　　▲ Many a (an/another)+名詞;more than one + 名詞等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：more than one person was involved in the case.

　　▲ The number (variety of ) + 名詞作主語(yǔ);an amount of (a deal of/plenty of )+不可數(shù)名詞;a quality of +不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞均用單數(shù)。

　　▲ 由“and”連接兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)，and后面：的名詞若不加冠詞，常指同一個(gè)人或事物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：the secretary and manager(書(shū)記兼經(jīng)理)。

　　▲ 以-ics結(jié)尾的名詞如表示的是一門學(xué)科，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如指特定事物，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　▲ 由連詞or, either…nor, not only…but also, nor 等連接的兩個(gè)名詞或代詞，謂語(yǔ)形式應(yīng)采用毗鄰一致的原則，即謂語(yǔ)與鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致。

　　1) How close parents are to their children______ a strong influence on the character of the children.

　　A. have B. has C. having D. to have

　　十、倒裝

　　▲重點(diǎn)：only+副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句引出的句子。

　　▲以never, little, nowhere, rarely, seldom, scarcely, hardly, no sooner, in no case, at no time, on no account, under no circumstances, by no means等引導(dǎo)的句子。

　　1)Only by shouting at the top of his voice _____.

　　A. was he able to make himself hear.

　　B. he was able to make himself, hear.

　　C. he was able to make himself heard.

　　D. was he able to make himself heard.

　　2) She never laughed, _____ lose her temper.

　　A. or she ever did B. nor did she ever

　　C. or did she ever D. nor she ever did

　　十一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句

　　強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：It is (was)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that +句子的其它成分。

　　例如：_______ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist.

　　A. That was from Stephen B. It was Stephen whom

　　C. It was from Stephen that D. It was Stephen that

　　十二、反義疑問(wèn)句

　　重點(diǎn)：

　　▲當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是everyone, everybody, someone, no one, somebody, nobody 等合成詞，其含義相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的人的集合時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句的代詞用復(fù)數(shù)they 來(lái)代替。當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)為everything, nothing, anything, something時(shí)，疑問(wèn)句部分中的主語(yǔ)要用it。如nobody came to see me, did they?

　　▲如果陳述部分是I’m …結(jié)構(gòu)，附加疑問(wèn)句部分一般用aren’t I. 如I’m stupid, aren’t I ?

　　▲祈使句后可加一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句，使口氣變得客氣一些。

　　Don’t forget to walk the dog while I am away, _____ ?

　　A. can you B. has been C. do you D. will you

　　十三、代詞

　　本部分考察重點(diǎn)是不定代詞

　　▲many, much, little, few 都是表示數(shù)量的代詞。Many , few 用作可數(shù)名詞，作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可指人;much, little用作不可數(shù)名詞，作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)指事物。

　　▲both, either, neither用于談?wù)搩蓚�(gè)人或東西時(shí)使用;談到三個(gè)或更多時(shí)用all, any 和none。

　　1)As I was just getting ____ familiar with this job, I had to ask my boss.

　　A. many B.most C.more D. much

　　2) You can park on ______ side of the street.

　　A. either B. any C. all D. both

　　十四、形容詞和副詞

　　本部分的考察重點(diǎn)是形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)中的應(yīng)用。

　　1. 形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)前可用much, far , slightly, a lot, a little, still, ever, … times, any(表示疑問(wèn)), no, not any(表示否定)等程度的副詞表示比較的程度。例如：

　　1) You are far more tolerant than I am.

　　2) After taking the medicine, he did not get any better.

　　3) This room is three times bigger than that one.

　　4) In some modern countries we find a ________ number of people with university degrees than there are jobs for them to fill.

　　A. large B. far larger C. more large D. more larger

　　5) It is not so ___ it appears to introduce equal pay for equal work.

　　A. easy B. easier than C. easier as D. easy as

　　6) The more we get together, ____ we shall be.

　　A. the happy B. happier C. the happier D. the more happy

　　2. 某些形容詞本身已是比較級(jí)的形式，在用作“比較”時(shí)，后面應(yīng)跟to，而不是than。常見(jiàn)的有：

　　superior (較高的) prior(順序在先的)

　　inferior(下等的) anterior(前面的)

　　senior(年長(zhǎng)的) posterior (以后的)

　　junior(年少的)

　　1)You needn’t feel inferior to others.

　　2)This new model in our computer department is superior to that one in their department.

　　3)We received no notification prior to today’s date.

　　4)He is several years junior to Mrs. Smith.