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英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)作文寫(xiě)作技巧

時(shí)間:2024-08-27 00:14:43 英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作 我要投稿
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大學(xué)英語(yǔ)作文寫(xiě)作技巧

  在英語(yǔ)考試中,作文的好壞決定了你的英語(yǔ)成績(jī)是否理想,下面是小編提供給大家的大學(xué)英語(yǔ)作文的寫(xiě)作技巧,有興趣的朋友可以參考一下哦!

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)作文寫(xiě)作技巧

  【英語(yǔ)作文寫(xiě)作要求與技巧】

  一、審題

  1.審體裁(議論文,說(shuō)明文,描述文)

  審題就是要審作文的題材和體裁。因?yàn)槭裁礃拥捏w裁就會(huì)用什么樣的題材去寫(xiě)。那么體裁包括那些呢?它包括議論文,說(shuō)明文和描述文。從近些年看,四級(jí)作文不是單一的體裁,而是幾種體裁的糅合體。例如:

  Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic

  Trying to Be A Good University Student。

  You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:

  做合格大學(xué)生的必要性

  做合格大學(xué)生的必備條件(可以從德智體方面談)

  很多人說(shuō)這種類型的作文是議論文。這是片面的,因?yàn)椋?/p>

  第一段要求寫(xiě)“„必要性”,則是議論文;

  第二段要求寫(xiě)“„必備條件”,則要求寫(xiě)說(shuō)明文;

  第三段要求寫(xiě)“„這樣做”,則要求寫(xiě)描述文。所以在大多數(shù)情形下,四級(jí)作文是三種體裁的糅合體。

  2.確定相應(yīng)的寫(xiě)作方法

  我們審題的目的就是根據(jù)不同體裁確定不同的寫(xiě)作方法。通過(guò)審題,我們可以看出四級(jí)作文大都是三段式。如上例第一段為議論體,第二段為說(shuō)明體,第三段為描述體。而各種文體又有不同的寫(xiě)作方式:議論文:要有論點(diǎn)和論據(jù),而且往往從正反兩方面來(lái)論述。例如上面第一段的思路是:做合格大學(xué)生,會(huì)怎么樣(這是從正面論述);不能做合格的大學(xué)生,又會(huì)怎么樣(從反面論述);所以我們要做合格的大學(xué)生(結(jié)論)。說(shuō)明文:可以從幾方面來(lái)說(shuō)明一個(gè)問(wèn)題,可以從德智體三方面來(lái)說(shuō)明合格大學(xué)生的必要性。描述文:以“人”為中心描述一個(gè)“做”的過(guò)程。與上兩段相比,本段的主語(yǔ)多為人稱代詞,他要與第二段相呼應(yīng)進(jìn)行描述。

  二、確定主題句

  審?fù)觐}后,接下來(lái)就是如何寫(xiě)的問(wèn)題。第一步就是確定主題句,主題句既能保證你不跑題,又能幫助你制定寫(xiě)作思路。而寫(xiě)主題句最保險(xiǎn)的方法就是直接翻譯中文提綱,如上述之段主題句為:

  It is very necessary to be a good university student。(議論體的主題句) There are several respects of necessities to be a good university student。(說(shuō)明體的主題句)

  What I will do in the future is the following。(描述體的主題句)

  三、組織段落

  確定主題句后,接下來(lái)的工作就是展開(kāi)論述。許多考生真正犯難的也是這一步。最基本的解決辦法是擴(kuò)大詞匯量,豐富自己的語(yǔ)法存儲(chǔ)。在寫(xiě)作時(shí),語(yǔ)法和詞匯都是最基本的。然而,組織段落的能力也是尤為重要的(接下來(lái)的連貫與銜接部分,我們更為詳細(xì)的為大家講解)。行文時(shí),不只是提供一些information,還要學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用一些examples, personal experiences, comparisons, descriptions等等,只有這樣,才不會(huì)覺(jué)得無(wú)話可“寫(xiě)”。

  四、連貫與銜接

  1.列舉法

  列舉的模式通常是

  主題句

  ----example 1

  ----example 2

  ----example 3

  列舉時(shí)常用for example, for instance, such as, like,thus, take„as an example, to illustrate 等詞語(yǔ)。

  Nonverbal communication, or "body language," is communication by facial expressions, head or eye movements, hand signals, and body postures. It can be just as important to understanding as words are. Misunderstandings are often amusing but sometimes serious ones can arise between people from different culture if they misinterpret nonverbal signals. Take for example, the differences in meaning of gesture are very common in the United States: a circle made with the thumb and index finger. To an American, it means that everything is Ok. To a Japanese, it means that you are talking about money. In France, it means that something is worthless, and in Greece, it is an obscene gesture. Therefore, an American could unknowingly offend a Greek by using that particular hand signal。

  2.分類法

  一般是在主題句之后,依次羅列段落指示詞所表達(dá)的幾個(gè)部分或幾個(gè)方面。然后,選用豐富的事例對(duì)所羅列的各個(gè)部分或各個(gè)方面進(jìn)行具體地說(shuō)明或解釋。

  There are three basic kinds of materials that can be found in any good library。

  First, there are books on all subjects, both in English and in many other languages. These books are organized according to subject, title, and author in a central file canned the card catalog. Books can generally be checked out of the library and taken home for a period of two to four weeks。

  Second, there are reference works, which include encyclopedias, dictionaries, bibliography, atlases, etc., and which generally must be used in the library itself。

  Third, there are periodicals- magazines, newspapers, pamphlets-which are filed

  alphabetically in racks, or which have been filmed to conserve space. Like reference works, periodicals cannot usually be removed from the library. 分類時(shí)常用:most of all, next,moreover, in addition,besides,furthermore,to begin with,to start with,first of all,first,second,third„

  3. 因果關(guān)系

  在段落一開(kāi)頭,就用主題句點(diǎn)明其因果關(guān)系,然后選用有關(guān)材料,客觀的羅列某些原因或結(jié)果,以闡述中心思想。

  Growing numbers of well-to-do Americans are making the decision to move abroad. They find it impossible in America to walk the streets at night without fear of being raped, mugged, or murdered, nor do they see a way to escape the poisonous air of the cities. They maintain that even American food has become increasingly dangerous to eat. Last but not least, they insist that they are sick of the pace of American life, a pace that leaves no time for relaxation or pleasure。

  因果關(guān)系常用語(yǔ)匯:

  because of, so, owing to, thanks to, thus, as a result of, hence, for this reason, consequently, is caused by, lead to, result in

  4.比較法

  主題句必須明確表明所要比較的對(duì)象和所要比較的范圍,實(shí)際上就是羅列兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上比較對(duì)象的相同點(diǎn)。

  Learning English is like building a house. Laying a solid foundation is the first and most important step. In other words, you should read and speak English every day. Memorizing new words and phrases is also helpful. Like building a house, learning English takes some time。

  So don’t be impatient. Remember, Rome wasn’t built in a day。

  常用語(yǔ)匯:at the same time, similar to, accordingly, both, show a degree of similarity, similarly, the same as, and„ too, in the same way, in a like manner

  5.舉例法

  列舉事實(shí)或舉出實(shí)例來(lái)說(shuō)明中心思想, 是簡(jiǎn)單易行、具有說(shuō)服力的寫(xiě)作方法。

  Communicating with other people by telephone is very convenient,

  especially when you have something urgent. For example, if one of your family members is seriously

  ill at night, and you don’t know how to deal with it and where to find a doctor, what can you do? A telephone is the answer. Dial 120 and you will get services from the hospital very soon。

  【作文整體分類,不同作文類型不同對(duì)待】

  英語(yǔ)考試作文看起來(lái)每年都會(huì)出不同的題型,毫無(wú)章法可言,而事實(shí)上這其中卻是有共性的,通過(guò)總結(jié)歸類,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)英語(yǔ)考試的作文大體可以分為問(wèn)題解決型、正反論型、圖表作文和書(shū)信作文這幾類。其中所謂的書(shū)信作文,無(wú)非就是在前三類的基礎(chǔ)上,套用信件的格式而已。而其他幾類作文也有自己固定的模式和套路,老師會(huì)再針對(duì)每種作文類型給出意見(jiàn)。

  問(wèn)題解決型作文三步曲

  由字面意思來(lái)看,問(wèn)題解決型顧名思義就是詢問(wèn)考生針對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題或現(xiàn)象,你有什么好的方式解決它,這類作文在寫(xiě)作的時(shí)候要圍繞三個(gè)步驟來(lái)展開(kāi),首先是根據(jù)題目提出文章要討論的問(wèn)題;其次,針對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題考生要分析它出現(xiàn)的原因以及帶來(lái)的后果;最后一步就是考生要提出解決問(wèn)題的措施。這樣一篇問(wèn)題解決型的作文就大功告成了。

  正反論型作文由爭(zhēng)論得出自己的觀點(diǎn)

  正反論型的作文在英語(yǔ)考試中是考查可能性最大的一種,這種作文寫(xiě)作起來(lái)模式基本固定,通常是考生首先要提出題目給出的爭(zhēng)論,然后闡述針對(duì)這個(gè)爭(zhēng)論一方觀點(diǎn)是什么;其次是闡述另一方不同的觀點(diǎn);最后是要考生提出自己的觀點(diǎn),然后全文就算完成了。

  圖表作文提出問(wèn)題或者預(yù)測(cè)趨勢(shì)

  圖標(biāo)類的作文一般是要考生看圖根據(jù)提示寫(xiě)作文,并且要有自己的觀點(diǎn),這類作文要注意不要偏離主題,考生在寫(xiě)作時(shí)首先要簡(jiǎn)單描述一下圖表給我們的直觀內(nèi)容;其次要分析這個(gè)問(wèn)題或現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)的原因以及存在的后果;最后要提出一些解決措施或預(yù)測(cè)趨勢(shì)、影響也或者自己的觀點(diǎn)等等。

  書(shū)信作文要表明目的期待回復(fù)

  書(shū)信類的作文寫(xiě)起來(lái)相對(duì)容易得多,一般書(shū)信作文都是圍繞寫(xiě)信人找收信人有什么事或要求、傳達(dá)什么訊息等內(nèi)容展開(kāi)的,所以在書(shū)信的開(kāi)頭考生要說(shuō)清楚寫(xiě)信目的;其次考生要根據(jù)題目給出的內(nèi)容提示擴(kuò)充題干或提綱;最后要表明自己很期待期待對(duì)方回信等。這樣一篇結(jié)構(gòu)完整的書(shū)信作文就輕松完成了。

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