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材料科學(xué)與工程專業(yè)英語詞匯

時間:2023-02-14 10:52:25 職業(yè)英語 我要投稿

材料科學(xué)與工程專業(yè)英語詞匯

  在現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)中,材料科學(xué)是國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的三大支柱之一。主要專業(yè)方向有金屬材料、無機非金屬材料、高分子材料、耐磨材料、表面強化、材料加工工程等等。以下是yjbys為大家推薦的材料科學(xué)與工程專業(yè)英語詞匯,希望大家喜歡。

材料科學(xué)與工程專業(yè)英語詞匯

  材料科學(xué)與工程專業(yè)英語詞匯 篇1

  材料的類型Types of materials, metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, elastomer.

  部分材料性質(zhì)復(fù)習(xí)(Review of selected properties of materials)

  電導(dǎo)率和電阻率conductivity and resistivity,

  熱導(dǎo)率thermal conductivity,

  應(yīng)力和應(yīng)變stress and strain,

  彈性應(yīng)變elastic strain,

  塑性應(yīng)變plastic strain,

  屈服強度yield strength,

  最大抗拉強度ultimate tensile strength,

  最大強度ultimate strength,

  延展性ductility,

  伸長率elongation,

  斷面收縮率reduction of area,

  頸縮necking,

  斷裂強度breaking strength,

  韌性toughness,

  硬度hardness,

  疲勞強度fatigue strength,

  蜂窩honeycomb,

  熱脆性heat shortness,

  晶胞中的原子數(shù)atoms per cell,

  點陣lattice, 陣點lattice point,

  點陣參數(shù)lattice parameter,

  密排六方hexagonal close-packed,

  六方晶胞hexagonal unit cell,

  體心立方body-centered cubic,

  面心立方face-centered cubic,

  彌勒指數(shù)Miller indices,

  晶面crystal plane,

  晶系crystal system,

  晶向crystal direction,

  相變機理Phase transformation mechanism:

  成核生長相變nucleation–growth transition,

  斯賓那多分解spinodal decomposition,

  有序無序轉(zhuǎn)變disordered-order transition,

  馬氏體相變martensite phase transformation,

  成核nucleation,

  成核機理nucleation mechanism,

  成核勢壘nucleation barrier,

  晶核,結(jié)晶中心nucleus of crystal,

  金屬組織的')基體quay,

  基體,基塊,基質(zhì),結(jié)合劑matrix,

  子晶,雛晶matted crystal,

  耔晶,晶種seed crystal,

  耔晶取向seed orientation,

  籽晶生長seeded growth,

  均質(zhì)核化homogeneous nucleation,

  異質(zhì)核化heterogeneous nucleation,

  均勻化熱處理homogenization heat treatment,

  熟料grog,

  自恰場self-consistent field

  固溶體Solid solution:

  有序固溶體ordered solid solution,

  無序固溶體disordered solid solution,

  有序合金ordered alloy,

  無序合金disordered alloy.

  無序點陣disordered lattice,

  分散,擴散,彌散dispersal,

  分散劑dispersant,

  分散劑,添加劑dispersant additive,

  分散劑, 彌散劑dispersant agent

  缺陷defect, imperfection,

  點缺陷point defect,

  線缺陷 line defect, dislocation,

  面缺陷interface defect, surface defect,

  體缺陷volume defect,

  位錯排列dislocation arrangement,

  位錯陣列dislocation array,

  位錯氣團dislocation atmosphere,

  位錯軸dislocation axis,

  位錯胞dislocation cell,

  位錯爬移dislocation climb,

  位錯滑移dislocation slip, dislocation movement by slip,

  位錯聚結(jié)dislocation coalescence,

  位錯核心能量dislocation core energy,

  位錯裂紋dislocation crack,

  位錯阻尼dislocation damping,

  位錯密度dislocation density,

  體積膨脹volume dilation,

  體積收縮volume shrinkage,

  回火tempering,

  退火annealing,

  退火的,軟化的softened,

  軟化退火,軟化(處理)softening,

  淬火quenching,

  淬火硬化quenching hardening,

  正火normalizing, normalization,

  退火織構(gòu)annealing texture,

  人工時效artificial aging,

  細長比aspect ratio,

  形變熱處理ausforming,

  等溫退火austempering,

  奧氏體austenite,

  奧氏體化austenitizing,

  貝氏體bainite,

  馬氏體martensite,

  馬氏體淬火marquench,

  馬氏體退火martemper,

  馬氏體時效鋼maraging steel,

  滲碳體cementite,

  固溶強化solid solution strengthening,

  鋼屑混凝土steel chips concrete,

  水玻璃,硅酸鈉sodium silicate,

  水玻璃粘結(jié)劑sodium silicate binder,

  硅酸鈉類防水劑sodium silicate waterproofing agent,

  擴散diffusion,

  擴散系數(shù)diffusivity,

  相變phase transition,

  燒結(jié)sintering,

  固相反應(yīng)solid-phase reaction,

  相圖與相結(jié)構(gòu)phase diagrams and phase structures ,

  相phase,

  組分component,

  自由度freedom,

  相平衡phase equilibrium,

  吉布斯相律Gibbs phase rule,

  吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy,

  吉布斯混合能Gibbs energy of mixing,

  吉布斯熵Gibbs entropy,

  吉布斯函數(shù)Gibbs function,

  相平衡phase balance,

  相界phase boundary,

  相界線 phase boundary line,

  相界交聯(lián) phase boundary crosslinking,

  相界有限交聯(lián)phase boundary crosslinking,

  相界反應(yīng)phase boundary reaction,

  相變phase change,

  相組成phase composition,

  共格相 phase-coherent,

  金相相組織 phase constentuent,

  相襯phase contrast,

  相襯顯微鏡phase contrast microscope,

  相襯顯微術(shù)phase contrast microscopy,

  相分布phase distribution,

  相平衡常數(shù)phase equilibrium constant,

  相平衡圖phase equilibrium diagram,

  相變滯后phase transition lag, Al-Si-O-N

  系統(tǒng)相關(guān)系phase relationships in the Al-Si-O-N system,

  相分離phase segregation, phase separation,

  玻璃分相phase separation in glasses,

  相序phase order, phase sequence,

  相穩(wěn)定性phase stability,

  相態(tài)phase state,

  相穩(wěn)定區(qū)phase stabile range,

  相變溫度phase transition temperature,

  相變壓力phase transition pressure,

  同質(zhì)多晶轉(zhuǎn)變polymorphic transformation,

  相平衡條件phase equilibrium conditions,

  顯微結(jié)構(gòu)microstructures,

  不混溶固溶體immiscible solid solution,

  轉(zhuǎn)熔型固溶體peritectic solid solution,

  低共熔體eutectoid,crystallization,

  不混溶性immiscibility,

  固態(tài)反應(yīng)solid state reaction,

  燒結(jié)sintering,

  相變機理Phase transformation mechanism:

  成核生長相變nucleation–growth transition,

  斯賓那多分解spinodal decomposition,

  材料科學(xué)與工程專業(yè)英語詞匯 篇2

  A

  奧氏體 austenite

  奧氏體本質(zhì)晶粒度 austenite inhorent grain size

  奧氏體化 austenitization, austenitii zing

  B

  白口鑄鐵 white cast iron

  白銅 white brass, copper-nickel alloy

  板條馬氏體 lath martensite

  棒材 bar

  包晶反應(yīng) peritectic reaction

  薄板 thin sheet

  薄膜技術(shù) thin film technique

  貝氏體 bainite

  本質(zhì)晶粒度 inherent grain size

  比強度 strength-to-weight ratic

  變質(zhì)處理 inoculation, modification

  變質(zhì)劑 modifying agent,modificator

  表面處理 surface treatment

  表面粗糙度 surface roughness

  表面淬火 surface quenching

  表面腐蝕 surface corrosion

  表面硬化 surface hardening

  玻璃 glass

  玻璃態(tài) vitreous state, glass state

  玻璃鋼 glass fiber reinforced plastics

  玻璃纖維 glass fiber

  不可熱處理的 non-heat-treatable

  不銹鋼 stainless steel

  布氏硬度 Brinell hardness

  C

  材料強度 strength ofmaterial

  殘余奧氏體residual austenite

  殘余變形 residual deformation

  殘余應(yīng)力 residual stress

  層狀珠光體 lamellar pearlite

  超導(dǎo)金屬 superconducting metal

  成核 nucleate, nucleation

  成形forming, shaping

  成長 growth, growing

  磁材料magnetic materials

  沖擊韌性 impact toughness

  純鐵 pure iron

  粗晶粒 coarse grain

  脆性 brittleness

  脆性斷裂 brittle fracture

  淬火 quenching, quench

  淬透性 hardenability

  淬硬性 hardenability

  D

  帶材 baud, strip

  單晶 single crystal, unit crystal

  單體 monomer, element

  氮化層 nitration case

  氮化物 nitride

  刀具 cutting tool

  導(dǎo)磁性 magnetic conductivity

  導(dǎo)電性 electric conductivity

  導(dǎo)熱性 heat conductivity, thermal conductivity

  導(dǎo)體 conductor

  等離子堆焊 plasma surfacing

  等離子弧噴涂 plasma spraying

  等離子增強化學(xué)氣相沉積 Plasma chemical vapour deposition (PCVD)

  等溫轉(zhuǎn)變曲線 isothermal transformation curve

  低合金鋼 low alloy steel

  低碳鋼 low carbon steel

  低碳馬氏體 low carbon?martensite

  低溫回火low tempering

  點陣常數(shù)grating constant, lattice constant

  電鍍electroplating, galvanize

  電弧噴涂 electric arc spraying

  電子顯微鏡 electron microscope

  定向結(jié)晶directional solidification S

  端淬試驗end quenching test

  斷口分析 fracture analysis

  斷裂強度 breaking strength, fracture strength

  斷裂韌性 fracture toughness

  斷面收縮率 contraction of cross sectional area,

  鍛造 forge, forging, smithing

  多晶體 polycrystal

  E

  二次硬化secondaryhardening

  二元合金 binary alloy, two-component alloy