高校英語專業(yè)四級考試詞匯語法詳細(xì)解
在英語的學(xué)習(xí)過程當(dāng)中，相信大家都接觸過英語語法，下面是小編給大家整理的關(guān)于高校英語專業(yè)四級考試詞匯語法詳細(xì)解，歡迎閱讀！
高校英語專業(yè)四級考試詞匯語法詳細(xì)解 1
形容詞層迭修飾時(shí)的順序
幾個(gè)屬于不同層次的形容詞作修飾語時(shí)，其詞序一般按下列順序排列：限定詞→表示說話人評價(jià)的形容詞→表示大小、形狀、新舊的形容詞→表示顏色的形容詞→表示國別、來源、材料的形容詞→表示用途或目的的形容詞→名詞中心詞。例如：
the town’s charming old English church
a wellknown German medical school
the man’s first two interesting little red French oil paintings
近義詞辨析
bother, disturb, trouble, worry
這組詞均含有“不停地?zé)⿺_他人或搞得某人心神不寧”的意思。
botherdisturb常用于主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)兩種形式中。用于被動(dòng)時(shí)，bother指常受到時(shí)有時(shí)無的小事的煩擾。用于主動(dòng)時(shí)，bother的意思比disturb強(qiáng)，帶有故意打擾他人的意思。
If you return me the book, I will stop bothering you.你歸還我的書后，
我就不打擾你了。
disturb
用于被動(dòng)形式時(shí)，意思比bother強(qiáng)烈，有時(shí)甚至可指精神錯(cuò)亂。用在主動(dòng)形式時(shí)，意思最弱，指某人無意中打擾他人，這種打擾行為并非存心沖著他人去的。
The man was mentally disturbed.這個(gè)人精神錯(cuò)亂了。
trouble
和worry主要用于被動(dòng)，指被某事搞得心神不寧。
trouble比worry稍正式些，指麻煩別人一件事而影響他人舒適、方便、效率、健康或心境的平靜等。
May I trouble you for the book?麻煩您把書遞給我好嗎?
worry
主要指因?qū)δ呈碌慕Y(jié)果沒有把握而焦慮不安，還可指某人沉浸在軟弱無助的情緒或思慮中。
Worrying about your health can make you sick.經(jīng)常擔(dān)心你的`健康，會(huì)使你生病的。
全真模擬試題
1. It’s not fair that you come home after abad day at work a
nd ____ your wife and children.
A. take it out on B. take out it on
C. take out on D. take on it with
2. She put an extra blanket over the baby for fear that ____
A. he catches cold B. he should catch cold
C. he caught cold D. he be catching cold
3. Our teacher recommended that we ____ as attentive
as possible when we visit the museum.
A. areB. shall be C. be?D.were
4. You ____ business interfering with my affairs.
A. have none B. have no
C. have none ofthe D. have nothing like
5. The new cut in interest rate ____ promote domestic
investment.
A. means to B. directs toward
C. is meant to D. leads to
6. Advertising media like direct mail, radio, television and newspapers
____ to increase the sales of industrial products.
A.have been usedB. will be used
C. is being used D. has been used
7. While being questioned on the court, the man denied ____
the old lady’s necklace.
A. having takenB. taking
C. to have taken D. to take
8. Dr. Park was accused ____ the patient with overdos
e of slee
ping pills so that the patient’s life was terminated before the expected time.
A.of providingB. with providing
C. to have providedD. to provide
9. By the end of next month we ____ this assignment.
A. will finish B. will be finishing
C. will have finishedD. have finished
10. We will be losing money this year unless that new economic plan of you
rs ____ miracle.
A.is working B. works
C. will be working D. worked11. It was dark in the cave so she ____ a match.
A. struckB. hitC. firedD. burned
12. Mary will not be able to come to the birthday party as she is ____ with a cold.
A. laid outB. laid upC. laid byD. laid down
13. She often says her greatest happiness ____ servin
g the handicapped children.
A.relies on B. consists in
C. composes of D. comprises in
14. To make this ____ clear we shall have to look clo
sely into biology’s long history.
A.distinctionB. indicationC. recognition D. constitution
15. Most importantly, such an experience helps ____ a
heightened sensitivity to
other cultures and will bring about a greater appreciation of one’s own culture
as well.
A. coach B. forsakeC. fosterD.censor
16. When Ann broke the dish she tried to put the____
back together.
A. fragmentsB. piecesC. bitsD. slices
17. Jane tried to ____ the doorman with money, but sh
e failed.
A. bribeB. corruptC. awardD. endow
18. Classification is a useful ____ to the organizati
on of knowledge in any field.
A. meansB. approachC. modeD. manner
19. The human race has already paid a heavy price for its slow ____
to environmental threats.
A. responseB. responsibility
C. resolution D. resistance
20. We have a high regard for Prof. Joseph because he always ____
his principles.
A. lives onB. lives up to
C. lives through D. lives with
21. My grandfather accidentally ____ fire to the hous
e.
A.putB. tookC.setD. got
22. We enjoyed the holiday ____ the expense.
A.exceptB. besides
C. in addition toD. except for
23. If you want children to work hard you must ____ t
heir interests instead of their sense of duty.
A. appeal toB. look intoC. give rise toD. go in for
24. Basically a robot is a machine which moves, manipulates, joins or proc
esses ____ in the same way as human hand or arm.
A. characters B. components
C.catalogues D. collections
25. Of course, talking about something which affects them personally is
____motivating for students.
A. chiefly B. correctlyC. currentlyD. eminently試題答案與解析?
1. A)【句意】白天的工作不順心，回到家里
拿老婆孩子出氣，這是不公平的。
【難點(diǎn)】take it out on sb. 意為“拿某人出氣”，其中it是無人稱代
詞，無所指，這是一個(gè)固定的結(jié)構(gòu)。
2. B)【句意】由于害怕孩子感冒，她在孩子
身上又蓋了一條毯子。
【難點(diǎn)】for fear that 后接虛擬語氣，（should）+動(dòng)詞原形。
3. C) 【句意】我們的教師建議我們參觀博物
館的時(shí)候注意力應(yīng)盡可能集中。
【難點(diǎn)】recommend,command ,suggest 等詞后接的賓語從句應(yīng)用虛擬語
氣，即（should）+動(dòng)詞原形。
4. B)【句意】你沒有權(quán)力干涉我們的事情。
【難點(diǎn)】have no business doing /to do something 意為“沒有權(quán)力，
沒有理由做某事”
5. C)【句意】利率再次下調(diào)旨在促進(jìn)國內(nèi)投
資。
【難點(diǎn)】be meant to do 意為“旨在做 ”；mean to do 意為“打算做
，企圖做”；lead to 意為“導(dǎo)致”，后接名詞。
6. A)【句意】像直接郵件、無線電、電視和
報(bào)紙這樣的廣告媒介一直被用來促進(jìn)工業(yè)品的銷售。
【難點(diǎn)】根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)用完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，media 是medium 的復(fù)數(shù)形
式。
7. A) 【句意】法庭傳訓(xùn)他的時(shí)候，他否認(rèn)拿
了老太太的項(xiàng)鏈。
【難點(diǎn)】deny后需接動(dòng)名詞，由于動(dòng)作是過去發(fā)生的，所以選A)，動(dòng)名詞
的完成式。
8. A)【句意】帕克大夫被指控向患者提供過
量的安眠藥，結(jié)果造成病人在預(yù)期的時(shí)間前死亡。
【難點(diǎn)】be accused of 是個(gè)常見的詞組，意為“被控有…罪”。
9. C)【句意】到下月底，我將完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù) 。
【難點(diǎn)】by the end of next month (year)是將來完成時(shí)的典型狀語，
故選C)。
10. B)【句意】除非你的新經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃創(chuàng)造奇跡
，否則我們將賠錢。
【難點(diǎn)】unless 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。
11. A)【句意】巖洞里很黑，她燃著了一根火
柴。
【難點(diǎn)】strike 意為“擦（火柴）”，其它幾個(gè)詞不能和matches搭配。
12. B)【句意】瑪麗不能來參加生日晚會(huì)了，
因?yàn)樗剂烁忻�，臥床在家。
【難點(diǎn)】lay up 意為“因痛（或傷殘）臥床”，常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)； lay ou
t 意為“擺出，展開”；lay by 意為“儲存”；lay down意為“犧牲，獻(xiàn)出”。
13. B)【句意】她常說她最大的快樂在于為殘
疾兒童服務(wù)。
【難點(diǎn)】consist in 意為“在于，存在于”；rely on 意為“依靠，依
賴”；be composed of 意為“由…構(gòu)成”；comprise 意為“由…組成；構(gòu)成”。
14. A)【句意】為了搞清楚這一差別，我們必
須認(rèn)真地審視一下生物學(xué)發(fā)展的漫長歷史。
【難點(diǎn)】distinction意為“區(qū)別；差異”；indication意為“標(biāo)示，跡
象”；recognition意為“（正式的）承認(rèn)，認(rèn)可，認(rèn)知”；constitution意為“憲法，體制”。
15. C)【句意】最重要的是，這樣的經(jīng)歷能促
進(jìn)人們對其它文化的感受性，并使他們更欣賞自己的文化。
【難點(diǎn)】foster意為“培養(yǎng)，促進(jìn)，助長”;coach意為“訓(xùn)練，指導(dǎo)”；
forsake意為“遺棄，拋棄”；censor意為“審查,檢查”。
16. A)【句意】安把盤子打碎后，想把碎片再
合在一起。
【難點(diǎn)】fragment 意為“碎片，碎塊”；piece意為“塊，片”；bit意
為“小片；小段”；slice意為“薄片；切片”。
17. A)【句意】簡企圖用錢賄賂看門人，但失
敗了。
【難點(diǎn)】bribe 意為“收買；行賄”；corrupt意為“腐蝕，使墮落”；a
ward意為“授予（獎(jiǎng)品等）；給予”；endow意為“資助，捐贈(zèng)”。
18. B)【句意】分類是組織任何領(lǐng)域知識內(nèi)容
的有效方式。
【難點(diǎn)】approach作“方式，方法；態(tài)度”講時(shí)，后接介詞to，其它幾個(gè)
詞沒有這種用法。
19. A)【句意】人類已為他們對環(huán)境威脅作出
的遲緩反應(yīng)付出了重大代價(jià)。
【難點(diǎn)】response意為“反應(yīng)”后接介詞to ;responsibility意為“責(zé)任
”；resolution意為“決心，決定”；resistance意為“抵抗”。
20. B)【句意】我們十分尊重約瑟夫教授，因 為他總是信守原則�！倦y點(diǎn)】live up to 意為“遵守，實(shí)踐（諾言，原則）”；live on 意
為“以…
為生”；live through意為“度過，經(jīng)歷過”；live with 意為“忍受；容忍”。
21. C)【句意】我爺爺不小心放火燒著了房子
【難點(diǎn)】詞組set fire to 意為“點(diǎn)燃，使燃燒”。
22. D)【句意】除了花很多錢外，我們的假期
很愉快。
【難點(diǎn)】except指的是除去同類的事物，且常用于否定句；besides是包含
在內(nèi)的，除了；in addition to 也是包括在內(nèi)；except for 是除了不同類的事物。
23. A)【句意】如果你要孩子們努力學(xué)習(xí)，你必須喚起他們的興趣而不是責(zé)任感。
【難點(diǎn)】appeal to 意為“有感染力，有吸引力”；look into 意為“調(diào)
查，觀
察”；give rise to意為“引起，導(dǎo)致”；go in for意為“愛好；從事，參與”。
24. B)【句意】機(jī)器人基本上是一臺機(jī)器，它
能像人的手臂一樣移動(dòng)、操縱、結(jié)合或加工零件。
【難點(diǎn)】component意為“零件；成分”；character 意為“特性；人格”；catalogue意為“目錄”；collection意為“收集”。
25. D)【句意】當(dāng)然，談?wù)撘恍┯绊憣W(xué)生個(gè)性
的事對他們是非常有積極作用的。
【難點(diǎn)】emine
ntly 意為“突出地；明顯地”；chiefly意為“主要地；大部分”；correctly意為“正確地”，currently意為“現(xiàn)時(shí)，當(dāng)前”。
高校英語專業(yè)四級考試詞匯語法詳細(xì)解 2
1．不定式：
一）不定式的�？夹问剑�
1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.
被動(dòng)形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.
語法功能： 表示與謂語動(dòng)詞同步發(fā)生
2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.
被動(dòng)形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.
語法功能：表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前
二）不定式�？嫉目键c(diǎn)：
1）不定式做定語----將要發(fā)生
2）不定式做狀語----目的
3）不定式充當(dāng)名詞功能---To see is to believe.
三)不定式的省略
感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel
+ do 表示動(dòng)作的完整性，真實(shí)性；
+ doing 表示動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性，進(jìn)行性
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)"我看見了"這個(gè)事實(shí))
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.
昨天我見他正在花園里干活。（強(qiáng)調(diào)"我見他正干活"這個(gè)動(dòng)作）
v 感官動(dòng)詞后面接形容詞而不是副詞：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.
使役動(dòng)詞 have bid make let 等詞后不定式要省略但同1)一樣被動(dòng)以后要還原to
I ‘d like to have John do it.
I have my package weighed.
Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn.
help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do
四)有些動(dòng)詞后只跟不定式如：
want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do
force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do
be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do
五) 有的時(shí)候to后面要接-ing形式
accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.
2. 動(dòng)名詞：具有動(dòng)作性特征的名詞
1)是名詞 seeing is believing
2)具有動(dòng)詞性特征可以帶賓語 starving troops is necessary.
一)動(dòng)名詞的形式:
一般形式：I don't like you smoking.
完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice.
被動(dòng)形式：This question is far from being settled.
二) 動(dòng)名詞�？嫉狞c(diǎn)
1)動(dòng)名詞做主語謂語動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)
2)在動(dòng)名詞和不定式中,做為介詞的賓語是動(dòng)名詞
3)動(dòng)名詞的否定直接在其前加否定詞,通過代詞的賓格或所有格形式給出邏輯主語.
I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon．
A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也對）
I regret not having taken your advice.
4)有些詞后只能接動(dòng)名詞
admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand...
另外還有一些接-ing形式的常用說法：
it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point...
5)有些詞后加不定式和動(dòng)名詞均可
remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意義截然不容。
I remembered to post the letters. (指未來/過去未來的動(dòng)作)
I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我記得這個(gè)動(dòng)作)
forgot與remember的用法類似。
I regret to inform you that… 我很遺憾地通知你…
I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 為了"二十年前的離開"而遺憾。
try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness.
try –ing 試驗(yàn) Try practicing five hours a day.
I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父親不讓我去。
To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味著]贈(zèng)加工資意味著增加購買力。
prefer的用法：
我寧愿在這里等。
I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的話，我就等下去。）
I prefer waiting here.（我正在這里等，我就喜歡這么做。）
I prefer swimming to cycling. （這個(gè)句子里面就不能用不定式了。）
3 分詞：
現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)進(jìn)行,過去分詞被動(dòng)狀態(tài)
現(xiàn)在分詞的形式:
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (與謂語動(dòng)詞同步發(fā)生)
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (發(fā)生謂語動(dòng)詞之前)
3)完成被動(dòng)形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 發(fā)生謂語動(dòng)詞之前且表示被動(dòng))
過去分詞
1) 過去分詞表示被動(dòng)：Fight no battle unprepared.
2)過去分詞的進(jìn)行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (強(qiáng)調(diào)正在被做)
這三種非謂語動(dòng)詞，都可以構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，非謂語動(dòng)詞所修飾的成分是這些非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語。他們之間的一致關(guān)系——主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)，往往就是考點(diǎn)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，要注意的是分詞與他前面的邏輯主語之間的主動(dòng)被動(dòng)的關(guān)系。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的可能性程度：must/can't à should/shouldn't à might/may (not)
另外兩個(gè)"類情態(tài)詞的形式："need/needn't; have to/don't have to
v 最自然的虛擬狀態(tài)：由should/would+原型時(shí)態(tài)（不含時(shí)間只含狀態(tài)）
本質(zhì)上是過去將來時(shí)：即，時(shí)間固定在過去將來，狀態(tài)不同：一般、進(jìn)行、完成、完成進(jìn)行。
這時(shí)"虛擬語氣"的產(chǎn)生往往是因?yàn)槲覀円磉_(dá)"本來應(yīng)該……"（而現(xiàn)在卻還沒有……）
�。ū緛砜梢浴�，本來能……）
I should go! (… but I'm still here!) (一般)
I should be working now! (進(jìn)行)
I should have practiced more (than I did)! (完成)
我應(yīng)該多多練習(xí)
I shouldn't dream away my time too much! (完成的否定)
(actually I did dream away my time too much!)
It shouldn't have been leaking for such a long time! (完成進(jìn)行)
I may/might/could have finished! (完成)
一些常見的句型中，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)這種虛擬語氣，而處于從句之中，should 常常被省略掉
o suggest, advise, propose, recommend, plan;
o demand, order, direct, arrange, command, decide;
o require, request;
o think, expect, believe, insist, suspect.
由于他們的含義中包含"建議，假設(shè)，應(yīng)該"這類的含義，所以，由他們引起的從句中，就會(huì)包含有should+原型時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成的虛擬語氣。
這些動(dòng)詞（以及他們的名次形式，分詞形式）引起的從句還有其他的變形：
主語從句，表語從句，同位語從句
It's suggested that…
My suggestion is that…
The only suggestion that...
The only suggestion I can give you now is that…
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