17年17日托�？荚嚧鸢附馕�
在這次2017年9月17日的閱讀中，又出現(xiàn)了怎樣的題目呢?下面是百分網(wǎng)小編整理的17日托�？荚嚧鸢附馕觯Ｍ麑δ阌袔椭�。
17日托�？荚嚧鸢附馕�
托�？荚囬喿x部分約為60分鐘，包括3篇文章，每篇650至750個單詞，每篇對應(yīng)11至13道試題。題目類型包括：圖表題，篇章總結(jié)題，變換措辭題，詞匯題，指代關(guān)系題，簡化句子題，插入文本題，事實信息題，推斷題，修辭目的題以及否定排除題。在完成答題的過程中，考生可以使用“復(fù)查”功能瞬間找出沒有回答的題目，而不必每道題都過一遍。閱讀部分的總分是42至45分。
1.14世紀(jì)歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)的衰退：
Economic Decline in Europe During the Fourteenth Century重復(fù)2017.03.11，2015.11.08，2014.11.23，2014.04.27
有幾個理由:與東方經(jīng)濟(jì)交往的切斷、種植手段欠缺食物短缺、天氣影響收成等。
2.水的溫度分層造成的影響
Thermal Stratification重復(fù)2015.05.30
3.Attempts at Determining Earth’s Age：
重復(fù)2015.08.22，2014-03-01，2014-09-21
4.美國高速公路:
The United States Interstate Highway System重復(fù)2017.05.13，2017.03.04，2016.09.25和2016.06.04
說的是一個美國山區(qū)的特殊道路,先前一些學(xué)家認(rèn)為是交通道路。后來一個學(xué)者說,這些道路是一些特殊 ritual spirit的體現(xiàn),因為很多道路都是斷頭路,并不能通到哪去。
5.溫室效應(yīng):
溫室效應(yīng)不僅變熱,還讓海水酸化。這個酸化會給海洋生物帶來很多影響。都是負(fù)面的。例如會融化貝殼的外殼。然后越冷的2009水溶的酸越多,一種現(xiàn)象會加劇酸化。
6.宇宙形成的兩種學(xué)說:
The Controversy over the Cosmic Hypothesis重復(fù)2016.11.12(本年度新題)大爆炸學(xué)說和恒定學(xué)說。一種說宇宙是爆炸形成的,一種說宇宙整體的組成是恒定不變的。
7.自然選擇
Constraints on Natural Selection重復(fù)2016.09.03，2014.06.15
8.地下水
Underground Water重復(fù)2017.04.23(本年度新題)
9.北美早期農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展
Farming New England in Colonial Times重復(fù)2017.07.15下午場，2016.03.13和2015.08.30
10.Forms of Locomotion重復(fù)2017.03.04，2014.12.06和2013.09.14
11.18世紀(jì)歐洲飲食的變化(新題)
12.閱讀加試：恐龍滅絕
13.加試新題，蜥蜴如何改變膚色和行為來控制體溫，或是生物鐘biological rhythms
14.加試新題，某種蛇的生態(tài)入侵，或冰川撤退大陸架顯露對海岸地區(qū)造成的影響，或溫室效應(yīng)帶來的影響(如海水變熱，融化貝殼等)與動物的體溫管理二選一
9月17日托福寫作真題解析
➤ Writing 1綜合
Nacza Lines為什么形成的三種理論：
1.用來記錄星象變化，因為有些圖案像天上的星星。
但教授反駁還有無數(shù)的圖案根本不能match到天上的`星星，而且僅有的那些像的圖案也只是巧合而已。
2. 一種表達(dá)文化的藝術(shù)形式，因為很壯觀。
教授反駁說在高處看確實很壯觀，但在平地看就not visible，根本不能識別，所以不可能是人為創(chuàng)作的藝術(shù)作品。
3. 是人們賽跑的軌道，因為有很多人的足跡。
教授反駁說這些足跡很復(fù)雜，還包含了動物的腳印，很難定位，而且不一定是用來賽跑的，可能是人們進(jìn)行宗教儀式時留下來的。
如下是閱讀聽力原文
2016.6.25
綜合寫作
The straight lines and the central shape with straight line are “Nazca Lines”
The term “Nazca Lines” refer to a series of images created in the desert of Peru about 2,000 years ago. These images, many depicting geometric shapes, are extremely large with some covering several kilometers. Although researchers know how the Nazca Lines were created--the top layer of dark rocks were removed from the desert floor, exposing the lighter soil underneath--they remain uncertain why they were created. Several theories have been suggested to account for the presence of these lines.
One theory is that the Nazca Lines were used as an astronomical calendar for tracking events such as the winter solstice (the day with shortest number of daylight hours) that were important to agricultural peoples. This theory was supported by the discovery of an astronomical link between some of the images and various planets and stars. It was pointed out, for example, that on the day of the winter solstice, the Sun sets almost directly over a single long line drawn in the desert.
Another theory is that the Nazca images were created as a monumental art form expressing the Nazca people’s cultural and social importance in the region. Many ancient peoples built large monuments and artworks to demonstrate their power and celebrate their achievements. The Egyptians built massive pyramids, for example, and Easter Islanders curved massive human heads out of stone. It seems reasonable, therefore, to think that the Nazca images were built for similar reasons--to impress others.
A third theory focuses on the fact that there is evidence that people traveled by foot along the line. This has led to the speculation that the Nazca Lines represented sites of footraces in which individuals or groups of individuals competed for athletic victory. In this view, the Nazca images are ancient racetracks.
Listening
The three theories that you read give some very creative explanations for the Nazca Lines. But none holds up well unto the examination.
First, about the Nazca Lines as indicators of astronomic events. What the reading didn’t mention is that the vast majority of Nazca images don’t match up with anything observable in the sky. And for the few images they do, well, you know, there are hundreds of Nazca images and countless objects in the sky. Given these numbers, of course, a few line up. That would happen just by chance.
Second, the Nazca images as art. Well, it is certainly true that Nazca images are large, but they are impressive really only when seen from overhead, like in an airplane. When you’re simply standing on the ground next to one of these images, it is not impressive at all. The landscape is too flat and the images are too large to allow people on the ground to recognize them. This is very different from the pyramids and the Easter Island stones. They are not just large, they are tall. It is their great height them makes them visible and impressive.
Third, the idea that people were using the lines as racing tracks. Some of the images are in the shape of animals. There is a monkey, a hummingbird, a spider and so on. And these images are too complex to make good locations for foot race. Ok, so what could count for the evidence that foot traveled along the line? We can’t be sure of course, but we know that other prehistoric peoples in the region had religious rituals that involved walking along especially created pathways. It could be that Nazca line played a role in religious rituals or ceremonies that involved walking along the line.
➤ Writing 2
2017年9月17日獨立作文：
A lot of high school students now cheat in homework assignments, by asking other students for answers. Which of the following do you think is the most efficient way to stop?
-asking parents to help stop the students from cheating
-penalty or punishment to the students
-asking teacher to create homework assignment that cannot be easily cheated
今天的獨立寫作是久違了的三選一題目，ETS出的題目越來越接地氣，考察防止高中生作弊哪種方法最有效。這種題型的思路是選擇一個支持的說明理由，并解釋為什么不支持其他兩個選項。
這道題假如選擇第三個，我們可以找到理由是老師可以布置開放性的家庭作業(yè)，學(xué)生可以去圖書館查閱資料，整理形成presentation或者寫paper，這樣學(xué)生就不太容易作弊。
第一個選項--父母幫助孩子防止作弊—可能作用不太大，是因為有些家長本身受教育程度不高沒法進(jìn)行有效的指導(dǎo);甚至有的父母會為了孩子在學(xué)業(yè)中拿到比較高的成績會幫助孩子做作業(yè)，這就起不到防止作弊的效果。
第二個選項—處罰—也起不到作用是因為處罰過輕起不到震懾作用，處罰過重比如開除學(xué)籍可能會給學(xué)生帶來嚴(yán)重影響，甚至心理素質(zhì)不好的學(xué)生會跳樓自殺等等。
9月17日托福聽力真題解析
Conversation1
女生說她不想定牛奶，但工作人員說在學(xué)校必須定。女生說她不能吃含wet的食物,問怎么辦?工作人員說食堂有不含wet的,要2010她去問食堂的人。女生建議說用label標(biāo)明含
不含wet,工作人員說有l(wèi)abel紅色的就是不含的。
Lecture1
一個特殊的 theater以及它的發(fā)明者,與 realistic theater不一樣,這種劇一般反映現(xiàn)實問題,如全球變暖,但會用以前的例子,讓觀眾保持客觀。這個作者覺得看戲既是娛樂也是教育。
Lecture2
紫羅蘭的 reproduction兩種方法一個是昆蟲傳粉,一個是射種子紫羅蘭花期很長,會調(diào)整莖和花蕊,吸引不同時期的傳粉昆蟲。過了花期,會長另一種花,不會開但會發(fā)射種子,一般5米遠(yuǎn)。教授還講了個例子,闡述這個發(fā)射種子力道很大。
Conversation2
教授問學(xué)生 group assignment做的怎么樣,學(xué)生說沒做完。教授說可能有人偷懶然后舉了倆例子。學(xué)生說沒人偷懶。只是任務(wù)量不均勻。教授讓他少給自己分配點任務(wù)。
類似篇章：TPO4C2
Lecture3
地球科學(xué)將一種特殊的 Ice age兩種學(xué)說形成,它形成的時間特別短。
原題，同2016.8.27 Younger Dryas
Lecture4
美國歷史美國1940s的一次人口大遷移歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)衰落大量人涌入美國,導(dǎo)致一些州人太多。人們就往南部遷移,之前南部發(fā)展差所以人們都不樂意去。但后來因為紐約之類的城市人太多,南部也有了一些改善有工作機(jī)會,大家就都去南部了
原題，同2017.3.4
(美國移民歷史Background Info.)
1940s美國人移居美國南部
移民的主要原因有兩類，一類稱為push，即驅(qū)使移民離開自己所在地的原因;另一類稱為pull，即吸引移民來到新地區(qū)的原因。
例如，早起從歐洲移民來美國的人就是受到了這兩種原因的驅(qū)使。一方面，自己所在的國家貧窮，并且看不到希望;另一方面，美國充滿了機(jī)遇。同樣的邏輯不僅僅適用于國家之間的移民，也適用于國內(nèi)移民。
例如二戰(zhàn)之后，美國繁榮發(fā)展，東部尤甚。眾多的人口讓很多有孩子或者準(zhǔn)備要孩子的家庭感覺到東部太擁擠了，這就是push類原因。當(dāng)時的南部地區(qū)雖然地廣人稀，而且氣候溫暖，但是沒有足夠的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施也沒有足夠的工作機(jī)會，因此南部對于人們的pull還不夠。
但是1940s之后，政府投資重金，在南部建立了水壩，發(fā)電廠等設(shè)施。政府還修筑了城市與城市之間的道路，同時由于家家戶戶都能買得起車，于是原來美國難以交通的南部城市也變的容易通行。此外，空調(diào)的應(yīng)用讓工作場所里的員工都能享有很好的工作環(huán)境。
這時，南部的pull足夠了，土地便宜，工作機(jī)會又多，很多人開始往那里移民。
Conversation3
學(xué)生想聽一個Prof的課，但是沒有報上，所以想請求Prof enroll。
Lecture5
土星大氣層和卡西尼衛(wèi)星
(P.S.微博是個好東西，你值得擁有，15號卡西尼衛(wèi)星剛剛與土星相撞)
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