定語(yǔ)從句which用法
which 在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法怎樣?以下是小編整理的相關(guān)用法,歡迎閱讀。
關(guān)系代詞 which 一般指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ),既可引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句,又可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。下面就進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié):
1. 引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句
A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best. 商店應(yīng)存有最暢銷的貨物。
This is the family which is planning to move to the party. 這是要搬進(jìn)城里的一家。
2. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
。 1 )用來(lái)指代一個(gè)句子。
Internet is so interesting, which makes all possible happen. 因特網(wǎng)是如此有趣,它使任何事都有可能發(fā)生。
。 2 )用來(lái)指代句子的一部分。
When deep in thought, which he often was, he would forget all around him. 他常常陷入沉思,這時(shí)他就會(huì)忘掉周圍的一切。
。 3 )如果要引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,第二個(gè) which 前要加 and.
He bought a book, which was written by LuXun, and which he decided to give to his friend.
他買(mǎi)了本魯迅寫(xiě)的書(shū),他決定送給朋友。
3. 名詞+ of + which (= of which +名詞= whose + 名詞)通常放在先行詞的后面。
I'd like a room the window of which looks out over the sea. / I'd like a room of which the window looks out over the sea. / I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
我要一間窗戶面臨大海的房間。
4. 介詞+ which 的替代作用。
。 1 )作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)替代 when 。
There used to be a time at which / during which ( = when ) the Chinese people struggled for freedom.
中國(guó)人曾有一段為自由而斗爭(zhēng)的.日子。
。 2 )作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)替代 where 。
This is the office in which ( = where ) I used to work. 這是我過(guò)去工作過(guò)的辦公室。
。 3 )作原因狀語(yǔ)替代 why 。
I'd like you to explain the reason for which (= why ) you were absent. 我想讓你解釋一下缺席的原因。 ( 4 )作方式狀語(yǔ)替代 that 或省略。
There are many ways in which (= that / 省略) we can solve the problem. 解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題有很多方法。
5. which, when, where 關(guān)系詞的選擇。
關(guān)系副詞 when 與 where 用于引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),往往修飾句中表示地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞。但是,有時(shí)候在表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的名詞后面卻不能用 when 或 where ,而該用 which 或 that 。
Is this the factory which / that produces all kinds of washing machines? ( which / that 在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),指代前面的 the factory )這就是生產(chǎn)各種洗衣機(jī)的那家工廠嗎?
I often think of the days which / that we spent together on the seaside. ( which / that 在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ),指代 the days ,此時(shí)可省略。)我經(jīng)常想起我們一起在海灘度過(guò)的日子。
The river where I used to swim is now seriously polluted.
。 where 在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ), where = in which = in the river )我過(guò)去常去游泳的那條河現(xiàn)在已被嚴(yán)重地污染了。
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
( when 在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ), when = on which = on the day )我仍然記得我第一次來(lái)北京的日子。
總結(jié):在表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的名詞后面,選擇何種關(guān)系詞,應(yīng)看它們?cè)趶木渲械淖饔茫丛趶木渲谐洚?dāng)什么成份。如果在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),就該用 when 或 where ;如果在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)等,則應(yīng)用 which / that 。
6. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞 which, as 的選擇。
關(guān)系代詞 as 與 which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可以用整個(gè)句子作為先行詞,指代上文或下文所說(shuō)的一件事。
He said he'd been working in the office for an hour, which / as was true. 他說(shuō)他一直在辦公室工作了一個(gè)小時(shí),這是真的。 總結(jié):
。 1 ) Which 指前面主句所提到的這件事,常譯為“這件事,這一點(diǎn)”等; as 具有“正如、像、由而知、與一致”的意思。
He was elected mayor of the city, which made us happy. 他被選為這個(gè)市的市長(zhǎng),這使我們很高興。
As we expected, he didn't appear at the party. 正如我們所預(yù)料,他沒(méi)有在聚會(huì)上出現(xiàn)。
。 2 ) Which 在句法上一般用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ),這時(shí)它所引導(dǎo)的從句與主句之間常含有并列、因果關(guān)系;句法上, as 常作一些實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(如 see, know, report, watch, remember, say, tell, show, expert, guess 等)的賓語(yǔ)。
I bought my sister a big toy, which ( = and that ) delighted her greatly. 我給妹妹買(mǎi)了一個(gè)大玩具,這使她非常高興。
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. 眾所周知,月球每個(gè)月環(huán)繞地球運(yùn)行一次。
( 3 ) which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句位置比較固定,通常位于句末,不可移至句首;而 as 所引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的位置比較靈活,可以位于句末,也可以位于句首或句中。 Taiwan is a beautiful island, as (= which ) we know. 正如我們所知,臺(tái)灣是一個(gè)美麗的島嶼。
As (不用 Which ) he realized, I was very useful to him. 他意識(shí)到我對(duì)他很有用。
Mary, as we had expected, passed the exam. 正如我們所預(yù)料, Mary 通過(guò)了考試。
( 4 )當(dāng)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否定形式或從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞接了一個(gè)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),一般用 which 而不用 as 。
He pretended not to know me, which I didn't understand. 他假裝不認(rèn)識(shí)我,我真不明白為什么。
He admires everyone in the class, which I find quite strange. 他羨慕班里的每個(gè)學(xué)生,我覺(jué)得很奇怪。
。 5 )不能省去非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中的 be 動(dòng)詞時(shí),用 which (反之則用 as )。
Jane told me she won the match, which was a lie. 簡(jiǎn)告訴我她贏得了比賽,這是謊話。( was 不可省略) As (was)planned, we met at the airport.
正如計(jì)劃那樣,我們?cè)陲w機(jī)場(chǎng)見(jiàn)面了。( was 可省略)
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