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定語(yǔ)從句連接詞that
導(dǎo)語(yǔ):非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先定語(yǔ)從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明確;行詞的附加說(shuō)明,去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思,它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開,以下小編為大家介紹定語(yǔ)從句連接詞that文章,歡迎大家閱讀參考!
定語(yǔ)從句連接詞that
一、定語(yǔ)從句的有關(guān)概念:在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。
如:1)The man who/thatlives next to us is a policeman.
2)You must do everythingthatI do.
在上面兩句中的 man 和everything 是定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞,叫先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句放在先行詞后面。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞:that, which ,who (賓格whom ,所有格whose )和關(guān)系副詞where, when .關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)放在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間,起聯(lián)系作用,同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的一個(gè)成分。
也就是說(shuō)關(guān)系詞有兩個(gè)作用: 1.引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 2.代替先行詞在其引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成分。
二、有關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句:關(guān)系代詞 例句That在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)(作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)that可省略) 指物 1.A plane is a machinethatcan fly. (作主語(yǔ)) 2.The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. (作賓語(yǔ)) 指人 1.Who is the manthatis reading the book over there? (作主語(yǔ)) 2.The girl (that) we say yesterday was Jim’s sister. (作賓語(yǔ)) Which在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)(作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略) 指物 1.The silk which is produced in Hangzhou sells well. (作主語(yǔ)) 2.The songs (which) Liu Dehua sang were very popular. (作賓語(yǔ)) Who, whom在從句中分別作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)(如果介詞放在從句后面,則whom可以省略) 指人 1.The foreiger who visited our class yesterday is from Canada. (作主語(yǔ)) 2.The boy who break the window is called Roy. (作主語(yǔ)) 3.The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li. (作賓語(yǔ)) 4.Mrs White is the person to whom you should write. (作賓語(yǔ)) Whose 在從句中作定語(yǔ) 指人或物的所有格 I like the girl whose hair is long. (作定語(yǔ)) (從表中可以看出:用that更有通用性)三、有關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句:(只作了解) 1. 先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞時(shí)(country, school, room…),而關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),一般用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。也可以用介詞+which的結(jié)構(gòu)。值得注意的是which前介詞的選擇是根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系而定。 The room where(=in which)he used to live has now been turned into a museum.. The desk where(=on which)I put my bag is his. This is the school where(=in which)I joined the Party. 2. 先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞(year,month,day,night…),而關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),一般用when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。也可以用介詞+which的`結(jié)構(gòu)。值得注意的是which前介詞的選擇是根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系而定。 The day when(=on which)he was born was Aug.20,1952 The year when (=in which) he died was 1982..
四、定語(yǔ)從句分類(只要了解)定語(yǔ)從句分為:限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句(又稱描述性定語(yǔ)從句)。
1、 限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞關(guān)系密確,對(duì)它有限制作用,因些不可缺少,否則會(huì)影響全句的意思,限制性定語(yǔ)從句前面一般不用逗號(hào)。例What is the name of the boy who brought us the letter?
2、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只與先行詞有一種松散的修飾關(guān)系,在口語(yǔ)中用停頓的方法表示,在書面語(yǔ)中用逗號(hào)分開,因此從句中的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。一般用which ,who,where等來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,而不用that來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。例①I like talk with John, who is a clever man. 例②Water,which is a clear liauid (液體),has many uses.
五、關(guān)于that;which 用法請(qǐng)注意: ①先行詞之前有all, every, any, no ,little, much,few 等詞修飾時(shí),或者其本身為all, everyone,everybody,everything, nobody,nothing,anything,anyone,anybody等不定代詞,代替物時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句that用引導(dǎo)。 注:something后一般用which。 Is there anythingthatyou want to explain ? Everyonethatheard her sad story was moved to tears. In 1898 they declared(聲明)thatthey believed there was something in nature which gave out radiation.(輻射) ②先行詞前有形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞或only,very,none,,the first,the last,the same表示“惟一”觀念的形容詞等修飾時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)。That可指人,也可指物。 This is the only reasonthatI can say. This is the first stepthatcan be taken. It is the best onethatyou may choose. ③ 當(dāng)主句中有who,which時(shí),而定語(yǔ)從句中也要用到who或which時(shí),為了避免who…who,which…which等重疊,定語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)。 Who is the manthatis standing by the door? Which of the two cowsthatyou keep produces more milk? ④先行詞為人和物作并列成分時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)。 John and his dogthatwere here a moment ago disappear now. ⑤不論人或物在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí),用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,而that通常省掉。 He is no longer the manthathe was. ⑥先行詞是一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或者是一個(gè)句子時(shí),關(guān)系代詞用 which (大多數(shù)情況是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句) He missed the train ,which annoyed (使。。。惱火) him very much .
注意事項(xiàng):
一般說(shuō)來(lái),除了用定語(yǔ)從句解釋名詞或泛指外,先行詞前應(yīng)有定冠詞the。
2. 在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中which,whom,that充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí),可以省略。而在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中whom,who,which不能省略。
3. 在含有非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中從句與主句之間應(yīng)該用逗號(hào)隔開。
4.“one of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù);而“one of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”前有the,only或the only修飾,定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 He is one of the students who study very hard at school. He is the(only/the only) one of the students who studies very hard at school.
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