高中定語從句怎么試講
導(dǎo)語：高中定語從句怎么試講?以下是小編精心為大家整理的有關(guān)高中定語從句試講的內(nèi)容，希望對大家有所幫助，歡迎閱讀。
�、�.概念：
(1) 定語從句：在主從復(fù)合句中用作定語的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊接在先行詞后面。
(2) 先行詞：被定語從句修飾的成份。先行詞可以為一個(gè)詞，短語，或整個(gè)主句。
(3) 引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。
關(guān)系詞的作用：
1) 引導(dǎo)定語從句，連接主句和從句，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)連詞；
2) 必在從句中作某個(gè)句子成份（可以做主語，賓語，表語，定語，狀語）
常用的關(guān)系代詞: that、 which、 who、whom、as , 在從句中作主語，賓語，whose在從句中作定語)
常用的關(guān)系副詞（在從句中只作狀語）: when、why、 where
The student who answered the question was John.
I know the reason why he was so angry.
The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother.
I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
定語從句三步：
第一找出先行詞；
第二看先行詞在定語從句中的語法（做主語、賓語或狀語）；
第三選擇合適的關(guān)系詞。
Ⅱ. 幾個(gè)關(guān)系代詞的基本用法：
●that: 可指人或物；在定語從句中作主語，賓語，表語。(指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或 whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which)(不用于非限制性定語從句; 不可置于介詞后作賓語) 如：
1. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?
2. You can take anything ( that) you like.
3. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?
4. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.
5. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.
●which: 指物；在定語從句中作主語，賓語，表語，定語。如：
1. The bookwhich/that was on the desk was bought by my father.
2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.
3. The factory in which his father works is far from here.
●who, whom, whose:
who: 主格, 在從句中作主語，在口語或非正式用法中作賓語; 只可指人
whom: 賓格，在從句中作賓語; 只可指人
whose: 屬格，在從句中作定語，可指人也可指物。
1. I like the students who/that work hard.
2. All who heard the story were amazed.
(代詞如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.)
3. He's a man from whom we should learn.
= He's a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from.
4. A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.
5. I'd like a room whose window faces south.
=I'd like a room of which the window faces south.
=I'd like a room the window of which faces south.
關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語： （介詞+ whom / which）
關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中用作介詞賓語時(shí), 介詞可放于從句之首, 也可放于從句之末. 但以放于句首較為正式.（介詞前置，必須注意不影響動(dòng)詞詞組的含義。）
1. This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book (that/which) you asked for.
2. Do you know the person with whom I shook hands？
= Do you know the person (whom/who/that) I shook hands with?
3. Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week?
4. Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week?
5. This is the girl whom they are looking after. (介詞after與look構(gòu)成固定詞組，不可前置。look at, look for, look after, take care of等)
●as 的用法:(as 引導(dǎo)定語從句, 在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語)
�、偃鐬橄拗菩缘模嘤糜趖he same …as ; the same as；such …as …; as many/much as；so …as等結(jié)構(gòu)中。
1. I have the same book as you (have). 我有一本和你的一樣的書。
2. Why didn't you mention that in face of the police just now?
I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning.
3. Don't do such things as you are not sure about.
比較：I live in the same house that he used to live in.
I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.
比較：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （定語從句）
Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（結(jié)果狀語從句）
②如為非限制性的`，多單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句，這種定語從句可置于句首，句中或句尾，譯為"正如，這一點(diǎn)"。（動(dòng)詞常為know, see, expect, point out, etc.）
As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health . (as 作賓語)
=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health . （as 作主語）
=It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health .
=Smoking is harmful to one's health, as we all know .（as 作賓語）
=Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health.
He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. (賓語, 先行詞是前面整個(gè)句子)
Ⅲ. 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句:
●When 指時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。其先行詞是表時(shí)間的名詞（如：time, day, week, tear, month, etc.）
He came last night when I was out.
We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better.
注意：先行詞為"時(shí)間名詞"，可用when引導(dǎo)定語從句，when在定語從句中作狀語；還可以用which或that 引導(dǎo)，which或that在從句中作主語或賓語。
比較:1. I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.（作狀語）
2. I still remember the days which/that we spent together. （作賓語）
3. I shall never forget the day when Shen Zhou Ⅴ was launched, which has a great effect on my life.
●Where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。其先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，如：place, school, factory, room, etc.
This is the place where I was born.
I live in the room where /in which he used to live.
注意：先行詞是"地點(diǎn)名詞"，定語從句可用where引導(dǎo)，還可用which或that引導(dǎo)，which/that 在從句中作主語或賓語。
比較: ※1. This is the factory where /in which he worked last year. （作狀語）
2. I think you have got to the point where a change is needed, or you would fail.
3. He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he's likely to lose control of the plane.
4. This is the park which/that they visited last year. （作賓語）
●Why 指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。先行詞為reason 時(shí)，可用for which指代；當(dāng)關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語或賓語時(shí)，則用which或that 引導(dǎo)。如：
1. The reason why / for which / (that) he didn't attend the meeting was that he was ill.
2. I don't believe the reason (that/which) he gave me. （作賓語）
3. Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success? （作主語）
當(dāng)先行詞為way時(shí)，the way在從句中作狀語時(shí)，定語從句常用that, in which,或how引導(dǎo)，that�？梢允÷�。
the way在從句中作主語或賓語時(shí)，則用which或that 引導(dǎo)。如:
This is the way (that) /in which I do such things.
比較: Please do the experiment in the way （that/which）I have shown you.
Ⅳ. 限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：
1. 形式上，非限制性定語從句往往用逗號(hào)隔開。
2. 語法上，非限制性定語從句一般不用that.
3. 語義上，限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系緊密，起限定作用，如果去掉了這個(gè)定語從句，整個(gè)句子就不完整或者會(huì)改變意思；而非限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系不是很緊密，對先行詞起補(bǔ)充說明或描述的作用。
This is the book I like best. 這就是我最喜歡的那本書。
Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years, is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中國八百年之久的古都，它有著豐富的文化和歷史遺產(chǎn)。
4. 翻譯時(shí)，限制性定語從句可譯為一句（較短的一般譯為"的"字結(jié)構(gòu)）；而非限制性定語從句可譯為兩句。（見上句翻譯）
比較: He has a sister, who is a musician.
He has a sister who is a musician.
引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞，指人時(shí)用who, whom, whose , 指物時(shí)用which , whose; 關(guān)系副詞when，where, why, etc.
1. He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.
2. Tom's father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist.
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