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非限制性定語(yǔ)從句介紹

時(shí)間:2022-08-17 14:29:01 英語(yǔ) 我要投稿

非限制性定語(yǔ)從句介紹

  非限制性定語(yǔ)從句一般指非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。 定語(yǔ)從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。下面是小編幫大家整理的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句介紹,供大家參考借鑒,希望可以幫助到有需要的朋友。

  非限制性定語(yǔ)從句介紹

  非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只是對(duì)主句內(nèi)容,或先行詞的補(bǔ)充、解釋或附加說(shuō)明。主句與先行詞或從句之間一般用逗號(hào)分開,常常單獨(dú)翻譯。沒(méi)有它,主句意思仍然完整。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有as,which,who, whom,whose等,作定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)及定語(yǔ)。關(guān)系副詞有when,where等,作定語(yǔ)從句的狀語(yǔ)。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中一般不能省。

  一、as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),可以代主句的全部或部分內(nèi)容。常表說(shuō)話人關(guān)于說(shuō)話的依據(jù)、態(tài)度、評(píng)論、看法等。有“正如、像”等意思。定語(yǔ)從句可以置主句句首、句中或句末。as后常接expect,know,report,say,see等動(dòng)詞的主、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句。

  1. ____is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month.

  A.It B.As C.That D.What

  2.Mike,as we expected,attended the meeting.像我們所期望的那樣,邁克參加了會(huì)議。

  3.He wasn't unconsicious,as could be judged from his eyes.他并未失去知覺(jué),這從他的眼神可以判斷出來(lái)。

  二、which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的情況很多。

  I.指代主句的全部或部分內(nèi)容時(shí),常表事實(shí)、狀態(tài)、起因等,有“這就使得、這一點(diǎn)”等意思,常置主句末。主句與定語(yǔ)從句用逗號(hào)分開。

  1.Dorathy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,of course,madethe others unhappy.

  A.who B.which C.this D.what

  II.指代先行詞有多種情況。定語(yǔ)從句置先行詞后面。

  1.在“n./pron./num....+prep.+ which”,“prep.+which”定語(yǔ)從句里。 1)They talked about a movie,the name of which I've never forgotten.他們談?wù)撨^(guò)一部電影,我決不會(huì)忘記片名。

  2)In Sydney the Chinese team got 28 gold medals,16.5 of which were won by women.在悉尼奧運(yùn)會(huì),中國(guó)隊(duì)奪得了28枚金牌,其中16.5枚是女子奪得的。

  3)China has thousands of islands,the largest of which is Taiwan.中國(guó)有數(shù)千個(gè)島嶼,其中最大的是臺(tái)灣島。

  4)Chaplin went to the states in 1910,by which time he had learnt to dance and act in comedies.卓別林1910年去了美國(guó),那時(shí)他已學(xué)會(huì)跳舞和演喜劇了。

  2.表唯一性,或者就是指代先行詞的事物時(shí)。

  The dam,which is the biggest in the world,is 3,830 metres long.大壩長(zhǎng)3,830米,是世界上最大的壩。

  3.先行詞是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的'事物時(shí)。

  The moon,which doesn't give out light itself,is only a satellite of the earth.月球本身不發(fā)光,它只是地球的一個(gè)衛(wèi)星。

  4.先行詞表示類屬的事物時(shí)。

  Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world.足球是一項(xiàng)非常有趣的運(yùn)動(dòng),全世界都踢足球。

  5.先行詞是專有名詞時(shí)。

  1)Three of the biggest man-made projects in the world are the Great Wall of China,the Pyramids of Egypt and the Aswan High Dam, which is also in Egypt.世界上最大的三項(xiàng)人造工程是中國(guó)的長(zhǎng)城,埃及的金字塔和阿斯旺高壩,它也在埃及。

  2)The Nile,which used to flood every year,now runs more regularly below the dam.尼羅河年年漲洪水,現(xiàn)在比較正常地在大壩下面流過(guò)了。

  6.先行詞是表人的職業(yè)、品質(zhì)、身份等名詞,作定語(yǔ)從句的表語(yǔ)時(shí)。主句和定語(yǔ)從句之間含有對(duì)比的意思。

  非限制性定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)

  who引導(dǎo)

  Our guide,who was a French Canadian,was an excellent cook.

  我們的向?qū),一個(gè)法裔加拿大人,擅長(zhǎng)于烹調(diào)。

  My gardener,who is very pessimistic,says that there will be no apples this year.

  我家的園丁非常悲觀,他說(shuō)今年將不結(jié)蘋果。

  whom引導(dǎo)

  關(guān)系代詞whom用于指人,在句中作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)和介詞賓語(yǔ),作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞可位于句首。

  如:Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.

  彼得現(xiàn)在回巴黎了,你在倫敦見(jiàn)過(guò)他。

  Mr Smith,from whom I have learned a lot,is a famous scientist.

  史密斯先生是一位著名的科學(xué)家,我從他那兒學(xué)了許多東西。

  whose引導(dǎo)

  whose是關(guān)系代詞who的所有格形式,在從句中作定語(yǔ)。whose通常指人,也可指動(dòng)物或無(wú)生命的事物。

  如:The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.

  那位父親是位工程師小男孩學(xué)習(xí)很努力。

  Above the trees are the mountains, whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.

  在樹林的高處是山,其壯麗的景色完全映照在河面上。

  The play,whose style is rigidly formal,is typical of the period.

  這劇本是那個(gè)時(shí)期的典型作品,風(fēng)格拘謹(jǐn)刻板。

  which引導(dǎo)

  關(guān)系代詞which在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,中所指代和修飾的可以是主句中的名詞、形容詞、短語(yǔ)、其他從句或整個(gè)主句,在從句中作主語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。

 、 which指代主句中的名詞,被指代的名詞包括表示物、嬰兒或動(dòng)物的名詞、表示單數(shù)意義的集體名詞以及表示職業(yè)、品格等的名詞。

  如:These apple trees,which I planted three years ago,have not borne any fruit.

  這些蘋果樹是我三年前栽的,還沒(méi)有結(jié)過(guò)果實(shí)。

  She is an artist,which I am not.

  她是一位藝術(shù)家,而我不是。

  Water,which is a clear liquid,has many uses.

  水是一種清澈的液體,有許多用途。

  The two policemen were completely trusted,which in fact they were.

  那兩個(gè)警察完全受到信任,事實(shí)上也確實(shí)如此。

 、 which指代主句中的形容詞。

  如:She was very patient towards the children,which her husband seldom was.

  她對(duì)孩子們很耐心,她丈夫卻很少這樣。

  She is always careless,which we should not be.

  她總是馬虎大意,我們可不應(yīng)該這樣。

 、 which指代主句中的某個(gè)從句。

  如:He said that he had never seen her before,which was not true.

  他說(shuō)以前從沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)她,這不是真的。

 、 which指代整個(gè)主句。

  如:In the presence of so many people he was little tense, which was understandable.

  在那么多人面前他有點(diǎn)緊張,這是可以理解的。

  He may have acute appendicitis,in which case he will have to be operated on.

  他可能得了急性盲腸炎,如果是這樣,他就得動(dòng)手術(shù)。

  When deeply absorbed in work,which he often was,he would forget all about eating and sleeping.

  他經(jīng)常聚精會(huì)神地工作,這時(shí)他會(huì)廢寢忘食。

  when引導(dǎo)

  關(guān)系副詞when在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),指代主句中表示時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)。

  如:He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.

  他將把郊游推遲到5月1號(hào),那時(shí)他將有空。

  where引導(dǎo)

  副詞where在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),指代主句中表示地點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。

  如:They went to London,where they lived for six months.

  他們?nèi)チ藗惗,在那兒呆了六個(gè)月的時(shí)間。

  as引導(dǎo)

  as引出非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),代替整個(gè)主句,對(duì)其進(jìn)行說(shuō)明但通常用于像as we all know, as it is known, as is known to all, as it is, as is said above, as always mentioned above, as is usual, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等句式中。as在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),且引出的從句位置比較靈活,可位于句首或句末,也可置于主句中間。通常均由逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開。as有“正如……, 就像……”之意。

  如:As is known to the United States, Mark Twain is a great American writer.

  美國(guó)人都知道,馬克·吐溫是一位偉大的美國(guó)作家。(as在從句中作主語(yǔ))

  He forgot to bring his pen with him, as was often the case.

  他忘了帶筆,這是常事。(as在從句中作主語(yǔ))

  He is absorbed in work, as he often was.

  他正在全神貫注地工作,他過(guò)去經(jīng)常這樣。(as在從句中作表語(yǔ))

  As we all know, the earth is round.

  眾所周知,地球是圓的。(as在從句中作賓語(yǔ))

  The two brothers were satisfied with this decision,as was agreed beforehand.

  兩兄弟對(duì)此決定都滿意,這項(xiàng)決定在事前都已得到他們的同意。(as在從句中作主語(yǔ))

  Taiwan is,as you know,an inseparable part of China.

  你知道,臺(tái)灣是中國(guó)不可分割的一部分。(as在從句中作賓語(yǔ))

  “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句:在介詞后引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

  難:句意相同

  as it is known to all (that...) (as 做狀語(yǔ)從句連詞,是狀語(yǔ)從句, 可以加that)

  與 as is known to all (as做主語(yǔ),是定語(yǔ)從句)

  與 it is known to all that... (主語(yǔ)從句,it是形式主語(yǔ))

  即:As is widely known, the moon is closer to the us than the sun.(定從)

  = That the moon is closer to the us than the sun is widely known.(主從)

  = It is widely known that the moon is closer to the us than the sun.(主從)

  As it is known to everyone, I thought you knew about it too.(狀從)

  關(guān)系代詞which有時(shí)并不代表主句中某一確定的詞,而是概括整個(gè)主句的意思。介詞的選擇取決于它與先行詞的搭配或與從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的搭配。

  They were short of sticks to make frames for the climbing vines,without which the yield would be halved.

  他們?nèi)贝钇咸鸭艿臈U兒,沒(méi)有它們產(chǎn)量會(huì)減少一半。

  They thanked Tom,without whose support they would not have succeeded.

  他們很感激Tom,沒(méi)有他的支持他們是不會(huì)成功的。

  特殊結(jié)構(gòu)

  “名詞/代詞+of+which / whom”

  It now has 20,000 hectares of land,more than two-thirds of which are under cultivation.

  現(xiàn)在它擁有兩萬(wàn)公頃土地,其中三分之二之多已經(jīng)耕種。

  Light is the fast thing in the world, the speed of which is 300000 kilometer per second.

  光是世界上最快的東西,它的速度是每秒30萬(wàn)千米。

  There are 30 chairs in the small hall, most of which are new.

  大廳里有三十把椅子,絕大部分是新的。

  The textile mill has over 8,000 workers and staff,eighty per cent of whom are women.

  這家紡織廠有8千多職工,女職工占百分之八十。

  限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

  區(qū)別一:形式不同

  限定性定語(yǔ)從句主句和從句之間不用逗號(hào)隔開,口語(yǔ)中使用時(shí)也不停頓;而非限定性定語(yǔ)從句與主句之間通常有逗號(hào)隔開,口語(yǔ)中使用時(shí)有停頓。

  區(qū)別二:功能不同

  限定性定語(yǔ)從句用于對(duì)先行詞的意義進(jìn)行修飾、限制和識(shí)別,如果去掉,就會(huì)造成句意不完整或概念不清;而非限定性定語(yǔ)從句用于對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用,如果省略,句意仍然清楚、完整。如:

  People who take physical exercise live longer. 進(jìn)行體育鍛煉的人活得長(zhǎng)些。(若把從句去掉句子就失去意義)

  His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女兒現(xiàn)在在波士頓,下星期回來(lái)。(若把從句去句子意義仍然完整)

  區(qū)別三:翻譯不同

  在翻譯定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),一般把限定性定語(yǔ)從句翻譯在它所修飾的先行詞之前,而把非限定性定語(yǔ)從句與主句分開。如:

  He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽車被竊的那個(gè)人。

  I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀請(qǐng)了吉姆,他就住在隔壁。

  區(qū)別四:含義不同

  比較下面的兩個(gè)句子:

  I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一個(gè)醫(yī)生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一個(gè))

  I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一個(gè)姐姐,她是當(dāng)醫(yī)生的。(只有一個(gè)姐姐)

  區(qū)別五:先行詞不同

  限定性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞只能是名詞或代詞,而非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞則可以是名詞或代詞,也可以是短語(yǔ)或句子;另外,當(dāng)先行詞為專有名詞或其他具有獨(dú)一無(wú)二性的普通名詞時(shí),通常要用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,而不用限制性定語(yǔ)從句。如:

  Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得開車很快,這是很危險(xiǎn)的。(which指drive too fast)

  He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改變了主意,這使我很生氣。(which指整個(gè)主句)

  Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week. 我們的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行詞為專有名詞,要用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾)

  區(qū)別六:關(guān)系詞不同

  關(guān)系詞that和why可用于限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,通常不用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句;另外,在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,關(guān)系詞有時(shí)可以省略(參見(jiàn)本章有關(guān)內(nèi)容),而在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞一律不省略。

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