英語(yǔ)句子成份
一)英語(yǔ)句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ);次要成分有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。
(二)英語(yǔ)句子中的主語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(wèn)句(當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不疑問(wèn)詞時(shí))和倒裝句中，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等表示。一句話語(yǔ)法: 主語(yǔ)由名詞性的詞來(lái)充當(dāng). 例如：
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名詞)
We often speak English in class.(代詞)
One-third of the students in this claare girls.(數(shù)詞)
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)
Smoking does harm to the health.(動(dòng)名詞)
The rich should help the poor.(名詞化的形容詞)
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主語(yǔ)從句)
It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式)
(三)句子中的謂語(yǔ)成分：謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。一句話語(yǔ)法: 謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng). 有很多同學(xué)在寫(xiě)作的時(shí)候容易犯的錯(cuò)誤就是要么亂用be動(dòng)詞,要么句子沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞. 謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下：
1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：He practices running every morning.
2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：(1)由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。注意:這里面的動(dòng)詞原形非常重要. 如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：We are students.
(四)英語(yǔ)句子中的表語(yǔ)成分：表語(yǔ)用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的`身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞及表語(yǔ)從句表示。一句話語(yǔ)法: 表語(yǔ)使用形容詞,不用副詞! 例如：
Our teacher of English is an American.(名詞)
Is it yours?(代詞)
The weather has turned cold.(形容詞)
The speech is exciting.(分詞)
Three times seven is twenty one?(數(shù)詞)
His job is to teach English.(不定式)
His hobby(愛(ài)好)is playing football.(動(dòng)名詞)
The machine must be out of order.(介詞短語(yǔ))
Time is up. The clais over.(副詞)注意: 副詞可以做表語(yǔ)的只有幾個(gè),非常簡(jiǎn)單,考試不考,所以上面說(shuō):表語(yǔ)使用形容詞,不用副詞! 我們所復(fù)習(xí)的語(yǔ)法直接針對(duì)高考,不是搞語(yǔ)法研究,這點(diǎn)請(qǐng)大家一定要記住.
The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表語(yǔ)從句)
(五)英語(yǔ)句子中的賓語(yǔ)成分：賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。一句話語(yǔ)法:賓語(yǔ)由名詞性的詞充當(dāng),賓語(yǔ)分為動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)和介詞賓語(yǔ),分別構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)和介詞結(jié)構(gòu),這點(diǎn)非常重要,務(wù)必要牢記.例如：
They went to see an exhibition(展覽)yesterday.(名詞)
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代詞)
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(數(shù)詞)
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名詞化形容詞)
He pretended not to see me.(不定式短語(yǔ))
I enjoy listening to popular music.(動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ))
I think(that)he is fit for his office.(賓語(yǔ)從句)
賓語(yǔ)種類：(1)雙賓語(yǔ)(間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ))，例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.如果同學(xué)搞不清楚什么是雙賓語(yǔ),記下下面這個(gè)句子: give me a book.一人一物做賓語(yǔ)就是雙賓語(yǔ).說(shuō)得白一點(diǎn),雙就是兩個(gè)的意思.(2)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ))，例如：They elected him their monitor.
(六)英語(yǔ)句子中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)成分：英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞，除有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的一般句型為：某些及物動(dòng)詞(如make等+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ))。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)。一句話語(yǔ)法: 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)使用形容詞,不用副詞.例如：
His father named him Dongming.(名詞)
They painted their boat white.(形容詞)
Let the fresh air in.(副詞)
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短語(yǔ))
We saw her entering the room.(現(xiàn)在分詞)
We found everything in the lab in good order.(介詞短語(yǔ))
We will soon make our city what your city is now.(從句)
(七)句子中的定語(yǔ)成分：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱為定語(yǔ)。一句話語(yǔ)法:定語(yǔ)使用形容詞 定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示：
Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容詞)
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分詞)
There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名詞)
His rapid progrein English made us surprised.(代詞)
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短語(yǔ))
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(動(dòng)名詞)
He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介詞短語(yǔ))
(八)句子中的狀語(yǔ)成分：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子(這個(gè)就叫狀語(yǔ),一句話語(yǔ)法: 狀語(yǔ)用副詞,不用形容詞)，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語(yǔ)�？捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆�
Light travels most quickly.(副詞及副詞性詞組)
He has lived in the city for ten years.(介詞短語(yǔ))
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短語(yǔ))
He is in the room ma-ki-ng a model plane.(分詞短語(yǔ))
Wait a minute.(名詞)
Once you begin, you must continue.(狀語(yǔ)從句)
狀語(yǔ)種類如下：
How about meeting again at six?(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))(表示時(shí)間就是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),那表示原因的呢? 對(duì)嘍,就是原因狀語(yǔ))
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.(原因狀語(yǔ))
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.(條件狀語(yǔ))
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式狀語(yǔ))
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴隨狀語(yǔ))
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的狀語(yǔ))
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))
She works very hard though she is old.(讓步狀語(yǔ))
I am taller than he is.(比較狀語(yǔ))
【英語(yǔ)句子成份】相關(guān)文章：
英語(yǔ)六級(jí)翻譯句子成份的轉(zhuǎn)譯技巧12-13
變更民族成份申請(qǐng)書(shū)01-04
民族成份變更申請(qǐng)書(shū)01-04
初中語(yǔ)文句式種類與成份的知識(shí)點(diǎn)07-14
句型的種類與成份初中語(yǔ)文句式知識(shí)點(diǎn)07-13
英語(yǔ)經(jīng)典句子09-30
英語(yǔ)的句子04-17