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作文演講詞
先看看2005年1月的最新四級(jí)作文題目：
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a campaign speech in support of your election to the post of chairman of the student union. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
1. 你認(rèn)為自己具備了什么條件(能力、性格、愛(ài)好等)可以勝任學(xué)生會(huì)主席的工作
2. 如果當(dāng)選，你將為本校同學(xué)做寫(xiě)什么
應(yīng)當(dāng)說(shuō)，這個(gè)作文題目出得挺新、挺奇，恐怕培訓(xùn)老師也難以料想到會(huì)考競(jìng)選演講詞(相信不少老師和學(xué)生還在孜孜矻矻地講練著書(shū)信作文呢)!那么，要寫(xiě)好英文演講詞應(yīng)注意那些呢?筆者結(jié)合自己的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，總結(jié)了寫(xiě)好英文競(jìng)選演講詞的七大原則。為便于記憶，把它編成口決：開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山說(shuō)自己，直奔客套話競(jìng)選，陳述自我一二三， 主觀評(píng)論宜加上，當(dāng)選打算不可少，期待投票是老套，表態(tài)感謝也重要。以下就是按照上述口訣寫(xiě)成的范文：
A Campaign Speech
Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen,
My name is × ×. I am from English department.(開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山說(shuō)自己)I am greatly honored to have such a golden opportunity to run for chairman of the student union.(直奔客套話競(jìng)選)
I think I am the right candidate for the post, because I have the ma-ki-ng of a competent chairman. First of all, I like communicating with different people and also find much delight in dealing with people. I know pretty well about how to organize programs effectively and how to manage an organization efficiently.(陳述自我一) These personal qualities, I am sure, will surely qualify myself for the job in the student union and distinguish me from other candidates as well.(主觀評(píng)論宜加上)Secondly, I am optimistic, enterprising and extroverted by nature. (陳述自我二) With such a good character, I believe I can rise up to any challenge ahead of me and will never lose heart in time of adversity. Meanwhile, with such a nice character, I believe I can get along well with my colleagues.(主觀評(píng)論宜加上) Thirdly, I have a wide variety of hobbies, such as public speaking, writing for magazines and reading books on management,(陳述自我三)all of which ,I firmly believe, enables me to perform brilliantly in my future work. You can easily imagine that I may come up with as many good ideas as possible to host activities. (主觀評(píng)論宜加上)
My dear friend, if I am luckily enough to be the chairman, I will serve everyone with heart and soul. On the one hand, I will recruit some capable students to build up an efficient working team. On the other hand, we will carry out many worthwhile activities to enrich the campus life, such as academic lectures, sports contests and speech conests.(當(dāng)選打算不可少)
My dear friend, it’s time for you to cast a wise vote. Please don’t hesitate to vote for me,(期待投票是老套) because you have known me quite well and I will exert myself to live up to your expectation.( 表態(tài)感謝也重要)Thank you.
從該演講詞中看出，作者開(kāi)頭先做了個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的自我介紹(姓名和所讀院系)，然后直奔主題---參加學(xué)生會(huì)主席一職的競(jìng)選，并表示客套(be honored to )。接著，第二段緊扣提綱，介紹自己可以勝任學(xué)生會(huì)主席的工作的原因，即作者自身的素質(zhì)表現(xiàn)，如能力、性格、愛(ài)好等完全適合該職。介紹自我表現(xiàn)要有條理性，所以一二三不能少，因?yàn)槁?tīng)眾是根據(jù)演講者的自我陳述來(lái)判定該投票選誰(shuí)，這也關(guān)系到演講者能否競(jìng)選成功。同時(shí)，要注意把客觀陳述和主觀評(píng)論結(jié)合起來(lái)，因?yàn)檫@樣能更好地引導(dǎo)聽(tīng)眾的想法和判斷，也能更好地表現(xiàn)演講者的自信并增加互動(dòng)。此外，演講中一般都要談假如競(jìng)選成功的打算，而這也是在場(chǎng)即將投票的聽(tīng)眾們最關(guān)心的實(shí)質(zhì)性問(wèn)題。所以，一定要有較切實(shí)的行動(dòng)打算。當(dāng)然，演講者前面所做的一切努力都是為了爭(zhēng)取作為聽(tīng)眾的同學(xué)們手中的選票，所以別忘了寫(xiě)期待對(duì)方能投自己一票。作后，演講者應(yīng)表態(tài)，表示自己將屢行承諾，不負(fù)眾望。演講詞一般以道謝告終。
以上談的是演講詞，尤其是競(jìng)選演講詞寫(xiě)作的七大原則。值得注意的是，競(jìng)選演講詞的寫(xiě)法又有別于其他文體的寫(xiě)作，下面談?wù)勊膫�(gè)注意事項(xiàng)。
其一，演講詞較偏重口語(yǔ)體，但又與完全通俗的口語(yǔ)體不盡相同。更確切地說(shuō)，演講詞應(yīng)亦狀亦諧，雅俗共賞。因?yàn)樘ㄋ祝葜v詞就缺少文采，缺乏感召力，不足以表現(xiàn)演講者的才華;太文謅謅，演講就非常呆板，沒(méi)生氣，很教條，缺乏親和力。因此，選詞時(shí)要注意詞語(yǔ)的正式程度。一些口語(yǔ)化過(guò)重的詞，如well, yeah, gonna, wanna, gotta, alas, O.K ,all right, Good, 都不大適宜使用。
其二，注意演講詞句法結(jié)構(gòu)不宜太復(fù)雜。演講的關(guān)鍵是要讓聽(tīng)眾聽(tīng)清并明白演講的內(nèi)容。如果句子結(jié)構(gòu)太長(zhǎng)太復(fù)雜，就會(huì)增加聽(tīng)眾聽(tīng)力理解的困難，就會(huì)影響演講者信息的傳達(dá)與聽(tīng)眾信息的接收。如果演講者表達(dá)的信息都不能很好地被接收，那么演講者要想打動(dòng)和影響聽(tīng)眾就會(huì)難上加難。所以，在演講詞寫(xiě)作中，句式不宜過(guò)長(zhǎng)，不宜太復(fù)雜。
其三，演講要有親和力，不要讓人有演講者在背書(shū)之感。要做到這一點(diǎn)，除了演講者本人要訓(xùn)練有素，要有高超的演講技巧外，演講詞寫(xiě)作中還應(yīng)注意人稱(chēng)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用。一般而言，演講詞應(yīng)較多運(yùn)用第一和第二人稱(chēng)，少用或不用第三人稱(chēng)，以增加演講的對(duì)話性和親和力。同時(shí)，演講詞應(yīng)多用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，少用或不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)及It is +adj./done +that 從句的無(wú)人稱(chēng)句，因?yàn)楸粍?dòng)句和無(wú)人稱(chēng)句過(guò)分強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀性，往往讓人感覺(jué)太正式，太沒(méi)人情味。
其四，演講詞尤其是競(jìng)選演說(shuō)詞應(yīng)具有極大的感召力和鼓動(dòng)性。因此，競(jìng)選演說(shuō)詞寫(xiě)作時(shí)應(yīng)注意語(yǔ)氣禮貌客套，但不卑不亢，自信練達(dá)，但不狂妄孤傲。所以在演講中宜多用褒義詞，少用中性詞和貶義詞。此外，要注意在文中應(yīng)不止一次提及對(duì)方(如上面例文中My dear friend)，這樣便可加強(qiáng)演講色彩，也有助于演講者提請(qǐng)聽(tīng)眾提高注意力。演講中為達(dá)到感召力和鼓動(dòng)性，還往往運(yùn)用一些特定句式，如祈使句、感嘆句、反意疑問(wèn)句、設(shè)問(wèn)句、排比句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句等。
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