名詞化的形容詞不定式動名詞賓語從句等來擔任,與是對應的其主語多為能流動能消耗的東西,買畫制作三個動詞在直接賓語前置時則必須在后邊加構成,分析下列句子成分并判斷句子結構類型。
句子成分講解
句子成分講解I
一、句子的組成
句子的組成部分,包括主語、謂語、賓語、定語、補語、狀語、表語、同位語八種
二、句子成分
1、主語是句子敘述的主體,可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動名詞和主語從句等來承擔。
哪些詞可以充當主語?
ThedoctorlookedoverMrs.Brownverycarefully.
Idon’tknowifitwillgrow.
Itisayoungforest
Oneisnotenoughforme.
Togiveisbetterthantoreceive
Whoisthebabyinthepicture?
Whatisthetime?
Therearemanydifferentkindsofmooncakes.
Thathedidn’tspendallthemoneyisright.
(Itisrightthathedidn’tspendallthemoney.)
2、謂語說明主語做了什么動作或處在什么狀態(tài)。謂語由動詞來承擔主語的后面。
謂語的形式
Iagree.
Hegavemeapen.
Weareallhere.
Helookedworried.
Iwon’tdoitagain.
HecanspeakEnglish.
Ihaven’tunderstoodyet.
(Note:主語和謂語是英語句子的兩大成分,除少數(shù)句子(如祈使句和感嘆句等)外,一句話必須同時具有主語和謂語所表達的意思才能完整。)
3名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動名詞、賓語從句等來擔任。
Isawacatinthetree.
Iwanttogoshopping.
Givetherubbertome.=Givemetherubber.
Wethinkyouareright.
4、補語是起補充說明作用的成份。最常見的是賓語補足語。名詞、動名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞都可以在句子中作賓補。
Ifinditinteresting.
Ifinditinterestingtoreadthisbook.
Icallthestudentsbackatonce.
Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.
Ithinkyourbrotheracleverboy.
Wehearhimsinginginthehall.
句子成分講解II
5、定語修飾名詞或代詞。定語可以由名詞,修飾詞的前面,如果是詞組,定語放在被修飾詞的后面。
Thatisabeautifulflower.
Thisismybook,notyourbook.
Therearemorethantwentytrees.
Ihavealotofthingstodo.
Ourcountryisadevelopingcountry.
TheTVsetmadeinthatfactoryisverygood.
6、狀語用來修飾動詞,或者說明事物發(fā)生的時間,地點,原因,目的,結果方式,條件或伴隨情況,程度等情況的詞叫狀語。狀語可以由副詞,短語以及從句來擔任。
Heranrapidly.
Iputdownthevaseonthegroundcarefully.
Wefoundthelittlegirlinthehill.
IwillgotoBeijingtomorrow.
Heworkshardinordertoearnmoremoney.
ItissocoldtodaythatIcatchacold.
Ifyoustudy,youcangainhighgrades.
Hewentbackhome,sleepyandtired.
7、表語是用來說明主語的身份、性質、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的,它常位于系動詞(be,become,appear,seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等詞)之后。
Africaisabigcontinent.
Who'she?
Itisbeautiful.
Pleasekeepquiet.
Youshouldstaycalm.
Itremainsapuzzle.
Thisiswhathesaid.
8、同位語:一個名詞(或其它形式)對另一個名詞或代詞進行修飾,限定或說明,這個名詞(或其它形式)就是同位語。同位語與被它限定的詞的格要一致,并常常緊挨在一起。
Mr.Smith,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.
YesterdayImetTom,afriendofmybrother's.
Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.
相關習題:
劃出下列句子的句子成分。
1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.
2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou
3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.
4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.
5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.
6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity.
7.Iloveyoumorethanher.
8.Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.
9.Theypushedthedooropen.
10.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.
11.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.
12.Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching.
13.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.
14.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.
句子結構成分分析講解加練習完整版
I.根據(jù)結構劃分:①簡單句
S+V(主+謂)
S+V+P(主+謂+表)
S+V+O(主+謂+賓)
S+V+o+O(主+謂+間賓+直賓)S+V+O+C(主+謂+賓+賓補)②并列句and,but,or
③復合句:名詞從句(賓,主,表,同)
副詞從句(狀語從句)形容詞從句(定語從句)II.根據(jù)功能劃分:陳述句
疑問句(一般疑問句,特殊疑問句,選擇疑問句,反義疑問句,修辭疑問句)
祈使句
感嘆句
I.常用作連系動詞:
①變成,變得:become,come,fall,get,go,grow,,turn
口訣:好是come,壞是go;天氣、外貌慢慢grow;顏色、天氣大不同turn;Get\become口語化,如果要說就用它.
口訣解讀:
Come一般表示事物由壞變好,結果是好的。
如:Dreamscometrue.夢想成真。
Go一般表示事物由好變壞,結果是不好的。
如:It'ssuchahotdaytodaythatthisdishhasgonesmelly.今天太熱了,菜都餿了。Grow表示逐漸變化,強調的是緩慢變化的過程,后面往往接表示天氣或外貌變化的靜態(tài)形容詞。
如:Iwanttogrowoldwithyou.我想和你一起慢慢變老。
Run與grow是對應的,其主語多為能流動,能消耗的東西。
如:Stillwaterrunsdeep.靜水深流。
Turn多接表示顏色和天氣的形容詞,側重于表達與之前大不相同。如:Theweathersuddenlyturnedhot.天氣突然變熱了。
Inspringthetreesturngreen,theflowerscomeout.春天樹變綠了,花開了。
II.代雙賓語的動詞
“七給”一“帶”to不少,“買”畫“制作”for來了。
1、“七給”(give,pass,lend,write,show,send,hand)和“帶”(bring)8個及物動詞,在直接賓語前置時,必須在后面加上“to”。即“vt.+sth.+to+sb.”
如:Helentsomemoneytome.類似動詞的還有:get,mail,offer,owe(借),pay,promise,read,sell,take,teach等
2、“buy”(買);“draw”(畫);“make”(制作)三個動詞,在直接賓語前置時,則必須在后邊加“for”,構成“vt.+sth.+for+sb.”。
如:Motherboughtanewdreforme。類似的動詞還有:build,choose,cook,cut,do,find,fix,leave,order(訂購),reach等。
反意疑問句
附在陳述句之后,對陳述句所說得事實和觀點提出疑問。
一般來說有兩種形式:陳述肯定,則所附問句否定;陳述句否定,則所附問句肯定。
TheEmbarrassedMagician.
Magician(toyoungsterhehascalleduponthestage):
Now,myboy,youhaveneverseenmebefore,haveyou?
Boy:NoDaddy.
Youhavecompletedthatjob,haven’tyou?
Youhavenotcompletedthatjob,haveyou?
三.祈使句:
用以表示請求,命令,勸告,建議等語氣的句子。
主語You常省略,只以動詞原形開頭。
一般沒有時態(tài)變化,不與情態(tài)動詞連用。
Stopbuggingme.
Don’tjudgeabookbyitscover.
Don’tgetmewrong.
Let’sjusthavearest.
Let’shopeforthebest.
Letbygonesbebygones
Makehaywhilesunshines.
四.感嘆句:
主要由what和how來引導。
What結構主要有兩種
A、Whata(n)+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+謂語部分!
Whatalovelyboyheis!
B.What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)+謂語部分!
Whatfoolishmistakesyouhavemade.
Whatniceweather(itis)!
How結構主要有一種:
A.How+形容詞/副詞+主謂部分Howlovelytheboyis!
Howfastthetimeflies!
B.How+主謂部分(實義動詞做謂語)HowIhateexam!我真煩考試!
Howhesnores!他鼾聲如雷!
(二)practice
2.分析下列句子成分,并判斷句子結構類型。Timefliesby.
I’monadiet.
Iownyouone.
Itslippedmymind.
Oldhabitsdiehard.
Ienjoyyourcompany.
Ican’tstandtheheat.
Chattingontheinternetbringsmealotoffun.HespeaksEnglishwell.
TeacherswillmakeyourEnglishbetter.Theyfoundthedeadboy.
Theyfoundtheboydead.
Ifoundthebookeasily.
Ifoundthebookeasy.
TomfoundJimanapartment.
WefoundJohnaloyalfriend.’
Iwillfindyouagoodteacher.
Shewillmakehimagoodwife.
Shewillmakehimagoodhusband.
英語句子成分和英語句子結構講解及練習
英語句子成分和英語句子結構講解及練習
1.主語(subject)句子說明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast.(名詞)Helikesdancing.(代詞)
Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(數(shù)詞)Seeingisbelieving.(動名詞)Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)
Whatheneedsisabook.(主語從句)
Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.(It形式主語,主語從句是真正主語)
2.謂語(predicate)說明主語的動作、狀態(tài)和特征。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.
3.表語(predicative)系動詞之后的成分,表示主語的性質、狀態(tài)和特征。Heisateacher.(名詞)
Fiveandfiveisten.(數(shù)詞)Heisasleep.(形容詞)Hisfatherisin.(副詞)
Thepictureisonthewall.(介詞短語)
Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.(形容詞化的分詞)
Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.(不定式)Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(表語從句)
(常見的系動詞有be,sound(聽起來),look(看起來),feel(摸起來,smell(聞起來),taste(嘗、吃起來),
remain(保持,仍是),feel(感覺)...
Itsoundsagoodidea.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.
Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thedoorremainsopen.
4.賓語:
1)動作的承受者-----動賓IlikeChina.(名詞)Hehatesyou.(代詞)Weneedtwo.(數(shù)詞)
Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(動名詞)Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式)
Didyouwritedownwhathesaid(賓語從句)
2)介詞后的名詞、代詞和動名詞-----介賓Areyouafraidofthesnake.
Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.
3)雙賓語-----間賓(指人)和直賓(指物)Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.
5.賓補:對賓語的補充,全稱為賓語補足語。Weelectedhimmonitor.(名詞)
Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.(名詞)Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容詞)Wefoundnobodyin.(副詞)
Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介詞短語)Don’tlethimdothat.(省to不定式)
Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(帶to不定式)Don’tkeepthelightsburning.(現(xiàn)在分詞)I’llhavemybikerepaired.(過去分詞)
6.主補:對主語的補充。Hewaselectedmonitor.
Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.
Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.
7.定語:修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。Yanlingisachemistryteacher.(名詞)Heisourfriend.(代詞)
Webelongtothethirdworld.(數(shù)詞)
Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(形容詞)Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副詞)
Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介詞)TheboysplayingfootballareinCla2.(現(xiàn)在分詞)
Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.(過去分詞)Ihaveanideatodoitwell.(不定式)
YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.(定語從句)
8.狀語:用來修飾v.,adj.,adv.,或者句子。表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。
(以下例句按上述順序排列)
Iwillgotheretomorrow.
Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.
Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.
Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpatheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.
Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.
基本句子結構
簡單句的五個基本句型
主語+謂語Shecame./Myheadaches.主語+謂語+賓語ShelikesEnglish.主語+系動詞+表語Sheishappy.
主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語ShegaveJohnabook.
Sheboughtabookforme.
主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補語Shemakeshermotherangry.
Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.
There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.
分析下列句子成分
1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.
2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou
3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.
4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.
5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.
6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity.
7.---Iloveyoumorethanher,child.
8.Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.
9.Theypushedthedooropen.、
10.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.