初三定語(yǔ)從句
定語(yǔ)從句(也稱關(guān)系從句、形容詞性從句),是指一類由關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)的從句,因?yàn)檫@類從句的句法功能多是做定語(yǔ),所以曾被稱為定語(yǔ)從句,下面是小編為大家整理的初三定語(yǔ)從句,供大家參考借鑒,希望可以幫助到有需要的朋友。
初三定語(yǔ)從句1
1、定語(yǔ)的定義
定語(yǔ)是用來(lái)修飾或限定名詞的。定語(yǔ)一般位于被修飾名詞的周圍,在名詞前面或名詞后面。被修飾的詞有時(shí)也叫先行詞。定語(yǔ)可以是詞,短語(yǔ)或句子。
2、定語(yǔ)的位置
當(dāng)定語(yǔ)是詞時(shí)通常是形容詞,放在所修飾名詞的前面。
如“一本有趣的書(shū)” an interesting book.
當(dāng)定語(yǔ)是短語(yǔ)時(shí)通常用介詞短語(yǔ),放在所修飾名詞的后面。
如 “教室里的學(xué)生” the students in the classroom.
當(dāng)定語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子時(shí),通常位于句子的后面,這個(gè)句子就叫定語(yǔ)從句。
如:I have a book which is interesting. 對(duì)比 I have an interesting book.
3、定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞的用法
常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系代詞:which / who / whom / that / whose
1.當(dāng)先行詞為人時(shí),可用關(guān)系代詞who / whom / that / whose
如:
He is the manwho thathelped me yesterday.(作主語(yǔ))
He is the manwhomwho hat省略I helped yesterday.(作賓語(yǔ))
He is the manwhosehouse is beautiful.(作定語(yǔ))
2.當(dāng)先行詞為物時(shí),可用關(guān)系代詞which / that /whose
如:
I like the housewhich thathas new furniture. (作主語(yǔ))
I like the housewhich that 省略you showed me around yesterday.
I like the housewhosefurniture is new.(作定語(yǔ))
I like the housethe furniture of whichis new.
小結(jié):關(guān)系代詞that 可用來(lái)修飾人或物,
who / whom只能用于修飾人,
which只能用于修飾物,
whose既可修飾人也可修飾物,但只能用于表所屬關(guān)系時(shí)。
4、that 與 which 的用法區(qū)別
1. 只能用 that 作為定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況
。1)當(dāng)先行詞是 everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some 等不定代詞時(shí),或當(dāng)先行詞受every, any, all, some, no, little,few, much等詞修飾時(shí)。如:
I have write downeverythingthatyou told me just now.
Allthe booksthatare sold in the shop are very interesting.
。2)當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如:
The firstmoviethatI watched was the Titanic.
This isthe bestbookthatI have read all my life.
(3)當(dāng)先行詞被 the very, the only, the first / last 等修飾時(shí) (當(dāng)先行詞是人時(shí),也可用 who,whom)如:
The old house isthe onlythingthathe owns.
She isthe onlyforeignerthat whowas invited to the party.
(4)當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。如:
I will never forgetthe persons and thingsthatare important to my life.
(5)當(dāng)句子以who,which 等疑問(wèn)詞開(kāi)頭時(shí)。如:
Whois the manthatis standing in front of the room?
Whichis the roomthatyou live in?
2. 只能用which作為定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況
(1)當(dāng)關(guān)系詞前面有介詞時(shí),指物常用 which,指人常用whom.
The housein whichwe live is very large.
The housewhich / that 省略we live in is very large.
(2)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句多用 which
He wrote an article,whichtells us about the history.
He succeeded in the competition,whichmade his parents very happy.
5、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
why = for which (表原因)
where = in/ at/ on/ ... which (表地點(diǎn))
when = during/ on/ in/ ... which (表時(shí)間)
1. where 指地點(diǎn)
。1)Fuzhou is the citywhere (in which)I was born.
Fuzhou is the citywhichI was born in.
。2)The housewhere (in which)I lived five years ago has been pulled down.
2. when指時(shí)間
。1)I still remember the daywhen (on which)I first came to the city.
(2)I still remember the days(that which)we spent together in the past.
3. why 指原因
。1)The teacher didn't believe the reasonwhy for whichhe was late.
(2)The teacher didn't believe the reasonwhich thathe explained.
初三定語(yǔ)從句2
一、定義
修飾名詞或代詞的句子叫做定語(yǔ)從句
二、基本概念
【先行詞】:被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。
【關(guān)系詞】:引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。
關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的作用
連接作用:連接先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句。
替代作用:在定語(yǔ)從句中替代從句所修飾的先行詞。因此當(dāng)我們要判斷關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分時(shí),只需要把先行詞帶入從句即可。(因此當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與先行詞的.人稱和數(shù)保持一致)
成分作用:在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。
三、用法
關(guān)系代詞的用法
who指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)。
What was the name ofthe manwholent you the money?
借錢(qián)給你的那人叫什么名字?
在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中,“who”也可在從句中做賓語(yǔ)。
The musicianwhothey are talking about is very famous.
whom指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)。
The peoplewhomI work with are all friendly.
和我一起工作的人都很友好。
which指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?墒÷浴
English isa languagewhichis easy to learn.
that指人時(shí),相當(dāng)于who或whom;指物時(shí),相當(dāng)于which。在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)
The manthatItalked with just now is a doctor.Ilostthe bookthatIbought last week.
whose人、物皆可,做定語(yǔ),后面要緊跟被修飾的名詞,先行詞和后面的名詞之間往往是從屬關(guān)系。
There are somepeople whose faces you can never forget.有些人,他們的臉你永遠(yuǎn)難以忘懷。
總結(jié)
在從句中做定語(yǔ),先行詞是人時(shí)用:who,whom, that;先行詞是物時(shí):which, that;whose,
注意:只用that的情況
當(dāng)先行詞為everything, anything, nothing, all, none, few, little等詞時(shí),或當(dāng)先行詞被every, any, all, ome, no, little, few, much等詞修飾時(shí)。Everything that they said was true.
當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。
The first place (that) they visited in London was the Big Ben.
當(dāng)先行詞被the very, the only修飾時(shí)。
This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy.
當(dāng)先行詞為who或前面有who, which等疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí)。
Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense?
先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做表語(yǔ)時(shí)。
She is no longer the sweet girl (that) she used to be.
當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。
The driver and his car that fell into the river have not yet been discovered.
關(guān)系副詞的用法
引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞有when, where或why。when, where, why分別在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ),在意義上相當(dāng)于介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu),分別代替表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因的先行詞。
when 指時(shí)間,在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
I still rememberthe daywhenI first came to this school.
where 指地點(diǎn),在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。
I recently went back tothe townwhereI was born.
why 指原因,在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。
Please tell methereasonwhyyou missed the plane.
初三定語(yǔ)從句3
一、定語(yǔ)從句的概念
在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞,定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞的后面。
二、定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞
引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞,常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系代詞包括that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,關(guān)系副詞包括where, when, why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用,同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的重要成分。
三、定語(yǔ)從句的分類
根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞的關(guān)系,定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句及非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi),從句不可省去。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與主句之間有逗號(hào)分開(kāi),起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、關(guān)系代詞的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略,作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.
瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂(lè)。(that作主語(yǔ))
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.
我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。(that作賓語(yǔ))
2.which用于指物,在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)不可省略,作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如:
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.
位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語(yǔ))
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.
我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語(yǔ))
3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主語(yǔ),whom用作賓語(yǔ)。在口語(yǔ)中,有時(shí)可用who代替whom。who和whom作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)也可省略。例如:
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.
經(jīng)常在英語(yǔ)方面幫助我的那個(gè)女孩是英國(guó)人。(作主語(yǔ))
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?
正在與李明談話的老師是誰(shuí)?(作賓語(yǔ))
注意:(1)當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時(shí),who,whom,that, which可省略,但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí),只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
This is the house in which we lived last year.
這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?/p>
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請(qǐng)告訴我你從誰(shuí)那借的這本英文小說(shuō)。
(2)含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來(lái)的位置上。例如:
This is the person whom you are looking for.
這就是你要找的那個(gè)人。
(3)that 作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動(dòng)詞的后面。例如:
The city that she lives in is very far away.
她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。
(4)關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況:
a. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如:
He was the first person that passed the exam.
他是第一個(gè)通過(guò)考試的人。
b. 被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞指物時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如:
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?
你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎?
c. 先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.
這就是我丟的那輛自行車。
d. 先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí),只能用that, 而不用which.例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見(jiàn)到的人和一些照片。
e. 以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句,為避免重復(fù),只能用that.例如:
Who is the girl that is crying?
正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)?
f. 主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu),修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用that,而不用which.例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.
桌子上那本書(shū)是湯姆的。
(5)關(guān)系詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況:
a. 先行詞為that, those時(shí),用which, 而不用that.例如:
What’s that which is under the desk?
在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?
b. 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí),which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives.
這是他居住的房間。
c. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,用which, 而不用that.例如:
Tom came back, which made us happy.
湯姆回來(lái)了,這使我們很高興。
五、關(guān)系副詞的用法
(1)when指時(shí)間,其先行詞表示時(shí)間,when在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如:
This was the time when he arrived.
這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。
(2)where指地點(diǎn),其先行詞表示地點(diǎn),where在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。例如:
This is place where he works.
這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。
(3)why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,why在定語(yǔ)從句中做原因狀語(yǔ)。例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.
沒(méi)人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。
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