大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第3冊(cè)課文翻譯
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大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第3冊(cè)課文翻譯 篇1
The Expensive Fantasy of Lord Williams
Tomintoul, Scotland — On Saturday night at The Grouse's Nest, they're still willing to raise a glass or two to “Lord Williams” though now his title prompts laughter. And now they just call him “Tony”.
There are those in this beautiful village in the mountains of Scotland (population, 320) who say they were never quite sureabout Anthony Williams, the soft-spoken, wealthy noble who arrived in 1986 with his well-dressed wife.
And there are others who say their suspicions were aroused over time, as the 55-year-old Mr. Williams, who appeared onweekends turned out in fine suits, bought up property after property, providing such a large injection of cash into the villagethat he single-handedly brought the community back to life.
But no one could have possibly guessed the truth — that the man with endless money and a friendly manner was not a lordat all but a government employee living out a fantasy that he was a Scottish noble and paying for it by stealing funds fromScotland Yard.
About two weeks ago, a regretful Mr. Williams, who had worked for the London police since 1959 and had risen to a￡65,000 a year position as deputy director of finance, was brought into court and sentenced to seven and a half years inprison.
Estimates are that he poured nearly ￡5 million of the stolen money into the village and gave jobs to 43 people. And nowthat he has fallen upon dark days at least some villagers are sticking by him.
“I found him a very charming man, very friendly, considerate — not at all proud,” said Georgie McAllister, 70, themanager of the local museum whose family has been farming the surrounding hills for generations. “It's hard to understandhow a clever person like him could mislead people like that. It's sad. Of course, it did benefit the village. A lot of the propertieswere beautifully restored.”
A few doors down the square, barber Donald Corr sat inside his shop and described how suspicions began to grow. “Everyonewondered where the money was coming from. Why was he spending it in a little place in the mountains? Christ, he wouldn'thave gotten it back in 100 years.”
According to the court, Mr. Williams stole more than ￡8 million over eight years. Most of it came from a secret fund thathad been placed under his sole authority and that was supposed to be used to pay spies and conduct secret activities againstthe Irish Republican Army.
Instead, it went to create one more British lord.
Mr. Williams bought an estate with a fine brick house in England. He bought a beautiful home with white walls and a poolin Spain. He bought noble titles at auctions, spending ￡95,000 to become the Lord of Chirnside, and then adding on 10 moreScottish titles.
But most of all, he sunk his dishonest gains into this village that captured his heart with its fine stone cottages, its centralarea of green grass, green rows of hedges, and its fantastic view of rolling fields and pine forests disappearing into the distancelike the men of an ancient army marching over the horizon.
He bought multiple cottages and fixed them up. He purchased the pub and made it into a fine place to have a glass ofGlenlivet Scotch whiskey, produced only 10 miles (16 kilometers) to the north. And most of all, he bought the run-downGordon Arms Hotel and totally restored it, transforming it from a mess into a glorious first-class hotel with 30 handsomelyfurnished rooms, wood-paneled stairs, false bookshelves with fake leather books and an outstanding restaurant.
“I would offer him three choices of glasses for the restaurant: an average one, a poor one, and fine crystal. Always, he chosethe crystal. Nothing but the best,” said David Abdy, who was chosen by Mr. Williams to manage the construction work andrun the businesses.
Mr. Williams deceived everyone, including Mr. Abdy and including even his own wife, telling them that he inherited themoney from a rich uncle. He was caught because his bank deposits were so large that they were noticed by the bank'smanagement. The bank notified the police, who discovered, to their terrible embarrassment, that the criminal was one oftheir own.
The London police commissioner publicly apologized for poorly supervising his department. Under a hastily madearrangement, the police will sell the properties, but at a substantial financial loss. Mr. Abdy, a 27-year-old businessman,acquired the bulk of the properties for about half a million pounds, obtaining bank loans and striking deals with various peopleto pay only a part of what they are owed by Mr. Williams.
In the only interview he has given since his arrest a year ago, Mr. Williams discussed his motives for the crime with aLondon newspaper: “I discovered this bloody huge amount of money. I went from the need to pay off a few debts to what canonly be described as greed. There is no way to justify it.”
翻譯
我哥哥吉米出生時(shí)遇上難產(chǎn)，因?yàn)槿毖鯇?dǎo)致大腦受損。兩年后，我出生了。
從此以后，我的生活便圍繞我哥哥轉(zhuǎn)。
伴隨我成長(zhǎng)的，是“到外面去玩，把你哥哥也帶上�！�
不帶上他，我是哪里也去不了的。因此，我慫恿鄰居的孩子到我家來，盡情地玩孩子們玩的游戲。
我母親教吉米學(xué)習(xí)日常自理，比如刷牙或系皮帶什么的。
我父親宅心仁厚，他的耐心和理解使一家人心貼著心。
我則負(fù)責(zé)外面的事，找到那些欺負(fù)我哥哥的孩子們的父母，告他們的狀，為我哥哥討回公道。
父親和吉米形影不離。
他們一道吃早飯，平時(shí)每天早上一道開車去海軍航運(yùn)中心，他們都在那里工作，吉米在那搬卸標(biāo)有彩色代號(hào)的箱子。
晚飯后，他們一道交談，玩游戲，直到深夜。
他們甚至用口哨吹相同的曲調(diào)。
所以，父親1991年因心臟病去世時(shí)，吉米幾乎崩潰了，盡管他盡量不表現(xiàn)出來。
他就是不能相信父親去世這一事實(shí)。
通常，他是一個(gè)令人愉快的人，現(xiàn)在卻一言不發(fā)，無論說多少話都不能透過他木然的臉部表情了解他的心事。
我雇了一個(gè)人和他住在一起，開車送他去上班。然而，不管我怎么努力地維持原狀，吉米還是認(rèn)為他熟悉的世界已經(jīng)消失了。
有一天，我問他：“你是不是想念爸爸？”
他的嘴唇顫抖了幾下，然后問我：“你怎么看，瑪格麗特？他是我最好的朋友�！�
接著，我倆都流下了眼淚。
六個(gè)月后，母親因肺癌去世，剩下我一人來照顧吉米。
吉米不能馬上適應(yīng)去上班時(shí)沒有父親陪著，因此搬來紐約和我一起住了一段時(shí)間。
我走到哪里他就跟到哪里，他好像適應(yīng)得很好。
但吉米依然想住在我父母的房子里，繼續(xù)干他原來的工作。我答應(yīng)把他送回去。
此事最后做成了。
如今，他在那里生活了11年，在許多人的照料下，同時(shí)依靠自己生活得有聲有色。
他已成了鄰里間不可或缺的人物。
如果你有郵件要收，或有狗要遛，他就是你所要的人。
當(dāng)然，母親的話沒錯(cuò)：可以有一個(gè)家，既能容納他的缺陷又能裝下我的雄心。
事實(shí)上，關(guān)照像吉米這樣一個(gè)深愛又感激我的人，更加豐富了我的生活，其他任何東西都不能與之相比。
這一點(diǎn)，在9·11災(zāi)難后幾天更顯真切。那天是吉米57歲生日。
我在紐約自己的家里為他舉辦生日宴會(huì)，但是我們家的人都沒能來參加，因?yàn)榻煌ɡщy，而且災(zāi)難帶來的恐懼使他們依然心有余悸。
我邀請(qǐng)了我的好友，請(qǐng)他們來幫忙把宴會(huì)弄得熱鬧些，增加點(diǎn)歡快氣氛，沒去理會(huì)他們多數(shù)人在情感上都有些疲憊這一事實(shí)。
于是我一反常態(tài)，沒說“請(qǐng)不要帶禮物”，而是向他們喊“請(qǐng)帶禮物來”。
我的朋友──吉米認(rèn)識(shí)他們多年了──帶來了中意的禮物：鄉(xiāng)村音樂CD、一件長(zhǎng)袖運(yùn)動(dòng)衫、一條有“吉米”字樣的皮帶、一頂編織的羊毛帽，還有一套牛仔服。
那天晚上，我們先是送禮物，然后是切從他喜歡的面包店里買來的巧克力蛋糕，當(dāng)然還唱了“生日歌”，否則宴會(huì)就不算完整了。
吉米一次次地問：“該切蛋糕了吧？”
等用完餐和送完禮物后，吉米再也控制不住了。
他焦急地等著點(diǎn)上蠟燭，然后在我們“生日快樂”的歌聲中，一口長(zhǎng)氣吹滅了蠟燭。戶
然而吉米對(duì)我們的努力還是感到不滿足。
他縱身跳到椅子上，直挺著身子，雙手食指朝天，一邊喊一邊指揮我們唱歌：“再──來──次！”
我們?nèi)σ愿暗爻�。待我們唱完時(shí)，他翹起兩個(gè)拇指喊道：“好極了！”
本來我們想讓他知道，無論世上有多難的事情，總是有人來關(guān)心他。
現(xiàn)在反倒是提醒了我們自己。
對(duì)于吉米來說，我們唱歌時(shí)的愛心，是他心中額外的禮物，但是他原先更想看到的，是別人再次感到快樂。
有如父親的去世一夜之間改變了吉米的世界，9·11也改變了我們的生活；我們熟悉的世界不復(fù)存在了。
但是，當(dāng)我們?yōu)榧壮�，相互緊擁，祈禱全球和平時(shí)，我們也意識(shí)到，朋友、家人間永恒的愛和支持可以讓我們克服生活中的任何困難。
吉米以樸素的方式為我們協(xié)調(diào)了眼前的一切，他做到這一點(diǎn)并不令人吃驚。
吉米的愛可以征服一切，這是任何東西都限制不了的。
時(shí)值秋夜，在我的故鄉(xiāng)新斯科舍，
小雨淅瀝，輕叩錫鐵屋頂。我們周末度假寄住的古老小屋，彌漫著一股霉味。
空氣寒冷得讓人發(fā)抖，于是我們點(diǎn)上了富蘭克林取暖爐。
我們悠然地喝著熱朱古力，接著父親走向立式鋼琴，卷起襯衣袖，伸出一指敲一曲。
他算不上一個(gè)鋼琴家，可他知道歌中的情、家中的愛。
母親放下手中的針線活，和他同坐在一條凳子上，然后我哥哥也快緩步走向鋼琴。
最后，不太能唱歌卻能拉拉小提琴的我也湊熱鬧唱了一兩句。
一向體貼人的父親說：“你看，你也可以唱的，寶貝。唱得很好�！�
我常常記得成長(zhǎng)的過程中感受到的溫暖、幸福和關(guān)愛。
雖然我花了好些年才知道，家人的愛不是憑空產(chǎn)生的。葉
事實(shí)上，愛從來就不是憑空產(chǎn)生的，甚至對(duì)那些看上去像我父母那樣天生充滿愛的人來說也一樣。
但是，我愿打賭，你必須生活于一個(gè)構(gòu)架之中，方能讓愛這一無與倫比的禮物瓜熟蒂落。
首先，愛需要時(shí)間。
也許人們可以一眼看到愛的可能，見面幾周后就鄭重宣布“我愛你”等等，但是這樣的愛，相當(dāng)于剛開始爬山，而這漫長(zhǎng)的爬山之路充滿著起起落落。
瓜熟蒂落之愛就像一個(gè)有生命的機(jī)體。
它跟一棵橡樹的生命一樣，從土里的一粒種子開始，慢慢地長(zhǎng)成幾乎無葉的細(xì)枝，最后枝繁葉茂、足以遮蔭，成就其輝煌。
我們不可調(diào)控或者加速其成長(zhǎng)所需的年月，相反，我們必須用才智和耐心，始終欣賞相互間的差異，分享彼此的快樂和痛苦。
因此，如果因小怒而離婚，父母孩子相互不信任，在第一次受傷害后中斷友誼，或不再相信愛，那是令人痛心的事情。
我們常常未經(jīng)深思熟慮就向某人說“再見”，結(jié)果付出了非常昂貴的感情代價(jià)。
我曾經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)一對(duì)父子，他們被各自的生活困難困擾，多年來距離越拉越遠(yuǎn)，結(jié)果相互間幾乎沒話可說，
而相互間沒了依靠，他們的生活變得空虛。
兒子大學(xué)畢業(yè)后的那個(gè)夏天，打算開著黃色老卡車到連通全國(guó)的雙車道公路上周游一番（那時(shí)還沒有免費(fèi)高速公路）。
有一天，在準(zhǔn)備出發(fā)時(shí)，他看見父親沿著繁忙的街道走來。父親熟悉的臉上帶著的孤苦令他震動(dòng)。
他邀父親停下來喝杯啤酒。
沖動(dòng)之下，他說：“來吧，爸爸。讓我們一塊兒度過一個(gè)夏天吧�！�
他父親是個(gè)家具推銷商。雖然冒著家里生意受損失的大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，父親還是跟兒子走了。
他們一道宿營(yíng)，一道爬山，一道坐在海邊，一道探索城市的街道和幽靜的鄉(xiāng)村。
在他們旅行后不久，他父親告訴我：“在過去的兩個(gè)月里，我學(xué)到的為父之道比我在我兒子成長(zhǎng)的21年的歲月里學(xué)到的都多。”
每個(gè)人的生活，都應(yīng)該為愛的人留出空間，為我們愛的人抽出我們認(rèn)為抽不出的時(shí)間是值得的。
我們不應(yīng)該誤導(dǎo)自己，認(rèn)為我們所愛的人必須像自己一樣。
關(guān)鍵是認(rèn)可和欣賞我們間的差異。
這些差異使得人們之間的關(guān)系有了一絲神秘和新奇。
愛也需要另一種更為難得的能力──放手的能力。
在我結(jié)婚的頭幾年，我錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為我丈夫應(yīng)該想時(shí)刻和我在一起。
我們第一次去拜訪他家時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)他們家的人做事時(shí)男的和男的在一起，女的與女的在一起。
我公公占了我的位子，坐到前車座我丈夫的旁邊。他倆常常一道出去，將我留下和女人們?cè)谝黄稹?/p>
我向我丈夫抱怨，讓他夾在他所愛的人當(dāng)中，痛苦不堪。
我婆婆說得好：“和父親在一起是他生活的一部分；和你在一起是另一部分。你對(duì)二者都該感到高興啊�！�
我明白，愛就像根松緊帶，在它將你們緊緊拉在一起之前，必須先松開。
愛又像涌來的潮水，一浪過后先退卻一點(diǎn)，下一浪才會(huì)比前一浪離你的心更近。
最后，愛需要言語(yǔ)來實(shí)現(xiàn)。
沒有言語(yǔ)，爭(zhēng)吵不能得到解決，這樣我們就失去了分享自己生活意義的能力。
重要的是承認(rèn)并表達(dá)自己的情感。
這樣，我們才能真正使我們自己和我們所愛的人興高采烈。
愛不是一次性的行為，而是一生的探索。我們總是在這種探索中學(xué)習(xí)、發(fā)現(xiàn)和成長(zhǎng)。
一次失敗不能毀滅愛，一次親吻也不能贏得愛。
唯有耐心和理解才能得到愛。
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第3冊(cè)課文翻譯 篇2
Iron and the Effects of Exercise
Sports medicine experts have observed for years that endurance athletes, particularly females,frequently have iron deficiencies. Now a new study by a team of Purdue University researcherssuggests that even moderate exercise may lead to reduced iron in the blood of women.
"We found that women who were normally inactive and then started a program of moderate exerciseshowed evidence of iron loss," says Roseanne M. Lyle, associate professor at Purdue. Her study of 62formerly inactive women who began exercising three times a week for six months was published in thejournal Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise.
"Women who consumed additional meat or took iron supplements were able to bounce back," shenotes. "But the new exercisers who followed their normal diet showed a decrease in iron levels."Iron deficiency is very common among women in general, affecting one in four female teenagers andone in five women aged 18 to 45, respectively. But the ratio is even greater among active women,affecting up to 80 percent of female endurance athletes. This means, Lyle says, that "too many womenignore the amount of iron they take in";. Women of child-bearing age are at greatest risk, since theirmonthly bleeding is a major source of iron loss. Plus, many health-conscious women increase their riskby rejecting red meat, which contains the most easily absorbed form of iron. And because women oftenrestrict their diet in an effort to control weight, they may not consume enough iron-rich food, and areliable to experience a deficiency.
"The average woman takes in only two thirds of the recommended daily allowance for iron," notesanother expert. "For a woman who already has a poor iron status, any additional iron loss from exercisemay be enough to tip her over the edge into a more serious deficiency," notes the expert.
Exercise can result in iron loss through a variety of mechanisms. Some iron is lost in sweat, and, forunknown reasons, intense endurance exercise is sometimes associated with bleeding of the digestivesystem. Athletes in high-impact sports such as running may also lose iron through a phenomenonwhere small blood vessels in the feet leak blood.
There are three stages of iron deficiency. The first and most common is having low iron reserves, acondition that typically has no symptoms. Fatigue and poor performance may begin to appear in thesecond stage of deficiency, when not enough iron is present to form the molecules of blood protein thattransport oxygen to the working muscles. In the third and final stage, people often feel weak, tired, andout of breath — and exercise performance is severely compromised.
"People think that if they're not at the third stage, nothing is wrong, but that's not true," says John L.
Beard, who helped design the Purdue study. "You're not stage 3 until your iron reserves go to zero, andif you wait until that point, you're in trouble."However, most people with low iron reserves don't know they have a deficiency, because traditionalmethods of calculating the amount of iron in blood (by checking levels of the blood protein thattransports oxygen) are not sufficient, Beard states. Instead, it's important to check levels of a differentcompound, which indicates the amount of storage of iron in the blood. While active, child-bearing agewomen are most likely to have low iron stores, he notes, "Men are not safe, especially if they don't eatmeat and have a high level of physical activity." (An estimated 15 percent of male long distance runnershave low iron stores.) Beard and other experts say it's advisable for people in these groups to have ayearly blood test to check blood iron reserves.
If iron levels are low, talk with a physician to see if the deficiency should be corrected by modifyingyour diet or by taking supplements. In general, it's better to undo the problem by adding more iron-rich foods to the diet, because iron supplements can have serious shortcomings. Supplements mayproduce a feeling of wanting to throw up, and may be poisonous in some cases. The best sources of iron,and the only sources of the form of iron most readily absorbed by the body, are meat, chicken, and fish.
Good sources of other forms of iron include dates, beans, and some leafy green vegetables.
"Select breads and cereals with the words 'iron-added' on the label," writes sports diet expert NancyClark. "This added iron supplements the small amount that naturally occurs in grains. Eat these foodswith plentiful Vitamin C (for example, drink orange juice with cereal or put a tomato on a sandwich) toenhance the amount of iron absorbed." Clark also recommends cooking in iron pans, as food can deriveiron from the pan during the cooking process. "The iron content of tomato sauce cooked in an iron potfor three hours showed a striking increase, the level going up nearly 30 times," she writes. And peoplewho are likely to have low iron should avoid drinking coffee or tea with meals, she says, sincesubstances in these drinks can interfere with iron being absorbed into the body.
"Active women need to be a lot more careful about their food choices," sums up Purdue's Lyle. "Ifyou pay attention to warning signs before iron reserves are gone, you can remedy the deficiency beforeit really becomes a problem."
課文翻譯
運(yùn)動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)專家經(jīng)過多年的觀察，發(fā)現(xiàn)耐力運(yùn)動(dòng)員，特別是女性，經(jīng)常會(huì)缺鐵。
普渡大學(xué)研究人員進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)新的研究表明：即使是適度的鍛煉，也可能會(huì)降低女性血液中的鐵含量。
“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些通常不運(yùn)動(dòng)的女性一旦開始適度的鍛煉，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)鐵含量下降的跡象，”普渡大學(xué)羅斯安妮·M. 萊爾副教授說。
她對(duì)62名婦女進(jìn)行了研究，并將研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《體育運(yùn)動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)與科學(xué)》雜志上。這些婦女原先不怎么運(yùn)動(dòng)，后來開始了為期6個(gè)月、每周3次的鍛煉。
萊爾指出：“那些增食肉類食品或服用鐵質(zhì)補(bǔ)劑的女性能夠恢復(fù)到健康狀態(tài)。
但突然參加鍛煉卻仍沿用舊食譜的人則顯示出鐵含量降低�！�
缺鐵在女性中是很常見的，每四個(gè)十幾歲的少女中有一人缺鐵，每五個(gè)18至45歲的女性中有一人缺鐵。
而在積極鍛煉的婦女中這一比例更高，女耐力運(yùn)動(dòng)員中，缺鐵者比例則高達(dá)80%。
萊爾說，這意味著 “太多女性忽視了自己攝入的鐵含量”。
育齡女性危險(xiǎn)最大，因?yàn)樵陆?jīng)是鐵流失的重要原因之一。
此外，許多保健意識(shí)太強(qiáng)的女性也很危險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)樗齻兙芙^食用牛肉或羊肉，而這些肉中含有的鐵最易被吸收。
而且，由于女性常常為了控制體重而節(jié)食，從而未能攝取足夠的含鐵豐富的食物，結(jié)果可能導(dǎo)致缺鐵。
另一名專家指出，“普通女性每天攝入的鐵只是應(yīng)攝入量的三分之二�！�
他指出，“對(duì)于那些已經(jīng)缺鐵的女性，任何因鍛煉而產(chǎn)生的更多鐵質(zhì)流失都足以導(dǎo)致體內(nèi)缺鐵狀況的'惡化�！�
運(yùn)動(dòng)可能通過多種機(jī)制導(dǎo)致鐵流失。
有些鐵隨汗液流失。另外，由于某些未知的原因，高強(qiáng)度的耐力運(yùn)動(dòng)有時(shí)會(huì)引起消化系統(tǒng)內(nèi)出血。
運(yùn)動(dòng)員從事跑步之類高強(qiáng)度劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)，也可能會(huì)因?yàn)樽悴垦苁а默F(xiàn)象而使鐵質(zhì)流失。
缺鐵分為三個(gè)階段：
第一也即最常見的階段，是鐵質(zhì)儲(chǔ)量不足。這一階段一般沒有癥狀。
到了缺鐵的第二階段，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)疲倦和力不從心，此時(shí)體內(nèi)已沒有足夠的鐵來形成血蛋白分子，將氧輸至運(yùn)動(dòng)肌肉。
在第三即最后階段，人常常感到虛弱、疲乏無力、喘不過氣，運(yùn)動(dòng)成績(jī)大打折扣。
“人們認(rèn)為，只要不到第三階段就不會(huì)有什么問題。這種想法是不對(duì)的�！� 幫助設(shè)計(jì)普渡大學(xué)研究的約翰·L. 比爾德說。
“只有當(dāng)你的鐵儲(chǔ)量為零時(shí)，你才會(huì)進(jìn)入第三階段。而你若坐等到這個(gè)時(shí)候，你的麻煩就大了�！�
然而，比爾德指出，大多數(shù)鐵質(zhì)儲(chǔ)量低的人并未意識(shí)到自己缺鐵，因?yàn)閭鹘y(tǒng)的檢測(cè)血液中鐵含量的方法──檢驗(yàn)血液中輸送氧氣的血蛋白的含量──是不夠的。
其實(shí)，有必要檢查血液中另一種混合成分的含量，它可以顯示血液中的鐵含量。
他還指出，雖然積極鍛煉的育齡婦女最有可能鐵含量低，“但男性也并非不缺鐵，尤其是在他們不吃肉類而又從事高強(qiáng)度的體力活動(dòng)的情況下�！�
（估計(jì)有15%的男性長(zhǎng)跑運(yùn)動(dòng)員鐵含量低。）比爾德和其他專家都說，對(duì)這些人而言，最好每年驗(yàn)一次血，以測(cè)定血液中的鐵含量。
如果鐵含量低，就要去看醫(yī)生，以確定是否該通過調(diào)整飲食或服用鐵質(zhì)補(bǔ)劑來校正不足。
一般說來，解決問題的最好方法是在食譜中增加含鐵豐富的食物，因?yàn)殍F質(zhì)補(bǔ)劑可能存在嚴(yán)重缺陷�！胺描F質(zhì)補(bǔ)劑可能使人想嘔吐，有時(shí)甚至還會(huì)引起中毒。
最好的鐵來源，以及唯一最易為身體所吸收的鐵來源，是肉、雞和魚。
其他較好的鐵質(zhì)來源包括棗、豆類和一些多葉綠色蔬菜�！�
“選擇那些標(biāo)有‘加鐵’字樣的面包和麥片，” 運(yùn)動(dòng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)專家南�！た死藢懙溃�
“這些增加的鐵質(zhì)補(bǔ)充了谷物中自然含鐵量的不足。將這些食物與含有大量維生素C的食物一起食用──比如吃麥片時(shí)喝橘子汁，或在三明治內(nèi)夾上番茄──可以促進(jìn)鐵質(zhì)吸收�！�
克拉克還建議用鐵鍋烹食，因?yàn)榕胝{(diào)過程中食物能從鐵鍋中吸收鐵質(zhì)。
她寫道，“在鐵鍋內(nèi)烹煮了3個(gè)小時(shí)的番茄汁，其鐵含量大大提高，增加到原來的30倍左右�！� 她說，鐵含量可能低的人，吃飯時(shí)應(yīng)避免喝咖啡或飲茶，因?yàn)檫@些飲料中所含的物質(zhì)會(huì)妨礙身體對(duì)鐵質(zhì)的吸收。
“運(yùn)動(dòng)女性應(yīng)特別注意選擇飲食�！逼斩纱髮W(xué)的萊爾總結(jié)說：
“如果你在鐵含量流失之前就注意到了警告信號(hào)，你就可以在它真正成為問題之前彌補(bǔ)鐵質(zhì)的不足�！�
正如運(yùn)動(dòng)能強(qiáng)心、健肺、固骨、強(qiáng)肌一樣，運(yùn)動(dòng)也能健腦。
對(duì)動(dòng)物的一系列科學(xué)研究表明，體育活動(dòng)對(duì)智力的發(fā)揮有積極作用。
伊利諾伊大學(xué)厄巴納──尚佩恩分校的大腦科學(xué)家威廉·格里諾說，“很明顯，運(yùn)動(dòng)使大腦受益。”
他對(duì)老鼠的研究已經(jīng)表明運(yùn)動(dòng)具有兩大功效：高強(qiáng)度體育運(yùn)動(dòng)給大腦提供更多的燃料，而技巧性運(yùn)動(dòng)則增強(qiáng)大腦神經(jīng)的聯(lián)結(jié)。依照某些科學(xué)家的見解，這種聯(lián)結(jié)能使大腦更好地處理信息。
在一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，實(shí)驗(yàn)鼠被分成三組：
第一組在自動(dòng)輪中跑動(dòng)，第二組通過一種復(fù)雜的越障訓(xùn)練來提高技能，第三組則不做任何運(yùn)動(dòng)。
“與跑動(dòng)的和不運(yùn)動(dòng)的老鼠相比，經(jīng)過越障訓(xùn)練的老鼠的腦神經(jīng)聯(lián)結(jié)數(shù)更多�！备窭镏Z說，
“相比之下，在自動(dòng)輪中跑動(dòng)的老鼠，較之其他兩組的老鼠，其大腦的血管密度更大�！�
他說，學(xué)習(xí)一種新的舞步和學(xué)習(xí)一種語(yǔ)言一樣，都能促進(jìn)大腦發(fā)展。
如果這種舞蹈還是一種良好的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，則益處加倍。格里諾的另一組實(shí)驗(yàn)顯示，年輕的大腦尤其能夠通過運(yùn)動(dòng)來增強(qiáng)能力。這組實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，從小就鍛煉的老鼠，其大腦的變化最為顯著。
他說盡管動(dòng)物不是人，但依此推斷鍛煉對(duì)老鼠帶來的作用同樣適用于人類也合乎邏輯。
對(duì)人類的研究主要集中在老年人身上。其結(jié)果表明，經(jīng)常鍛煉能提高大腦處理信息的速度。
伊利諾伊大學(xué)阿瑟·克雷默測(cè)量的結(jié)果表明，63至82歲不運(yùn)動(dòng)的人，在完成為期10周的水上運(yùn)動(dòng)課程之后，聽音擊鍵的反應(yīng)加快了。
對(duì)照組沒有經(jīng)過鍛煉，其反應(yīng)速度沒有提高。
接受運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練之后，人的反應(yīng)速度可能會(huì)加快，這是因?yàn)榕c衰老有關(guān)的機(jī)能衰退實(shí)際上源于體質(zhì)下降。
一些科學(xué)家推測(cè)，除了藥物作用和飲食不當(dāng)?shù)认嚓P(guān)因素外，常常歸咎于衰老的大腦功能下降實(shí)際上可能是不注意保持體育運(yùn)動(dòng)帶來的一種后果。
亞利桑那州立大學(xué)的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)教授丹尼爾·M. 蘭德斯最近發(fā)表了一篇文章，對(duì)有關(guān)運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)大腦影響的科學(xué)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了綜述。他說：“對(duì)老年人來說，鍛煉計(jì)劃對(duì)維持大腦功能顯得非常重要�！�
許多研究表明，經(jīng)常進(jìn)行體育鍛煉的孩子，在學(xué)業(yè)上比不活動(dòng)的同學(xué)優(yōu)秀。
但直到最近，人們還是認(rèn)為因參加體育運(yùn)動(dòng)而獲得的學(xué)業(yè)優(yōu)勢(shì)來自于增強(qiáng)的自信、更好的心態(tài)，以及運(yùn)動(dòng)后所帶來的集中注意力的能力。
而現(xiàn)在，一些科學(xué)家修正了他們的看法，表示這可能與身體狀況有關(guān)。
另一名專家皮爾斯·J. 霍華德說，新的研究表明，體育鍛煉提高了大腦中某些激發(fā)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)的化學(xué)物質(zhì)的含量。
因此，那些進(jìn)行鍛煉的人的大腦可能更有能力應(yīng)付各種智力挑戰(zhàn)。
不活動(dòng)對(duì)大腦和身體都可能有負(fù)面影響。
“科學(xué)家們認(rèn)識(shí)到，心即是身，身即是心，”霍華德評(píng)價(jià)道。他說，最有益的運(yùn)動(dòng)能身心兼顧。
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第3冊(cè)課文翻譯 篇3
Annie Dillard tells of her visit to the Napo River in the heart of the Ecuadorian jungle, one of nature's most unspoiled places. She describes the beauty of the forest and her admiration for the people who live there.
In the Jungle
Annie Dillard
Like any out-of-the-way place, the Napo River in the Ecuadorian jungle seems real enough when you are there, even central. Out of the way of what? I was sitting on a stump at the edge of a bankside palm-thatch village, in the middle of the night, on the headwaters of the Amazon. Out of the way of human life, tenderness, or the glance of heaven?
A nightjar in deep-leaved shadow called three long notes, and hushed. The men with me talked softly: three North Americans, four Ecuadorians who were showing us the jungle. We were holding cool drinks and idly watching a hand-sized tarantula seize moths that came to the lone bulb on the generator shed beside us.
It was February, the middle of summer. Green fireflies spattered lights across the air and illumined for seconds, now here, now there, the pale trunks of enormous, solitary trees. Beneath us the brown Napo River was rising, in all silence; it coiled up the sandy bank and tangled its foam in vines that trailed from the forest and roots that looped the shore.
Each breath of night smelled sweet. Each star in Orion seemed to tremble and stir with my breath. All at once, in the thatch house across the clearing behind us came the sound of a recorder, playing a tune that twined over the village clearing, muted our talk on the bankside, and wandered over the river, dissolving downstream.
This will do, I thought. This will do, for a weekend, or a season, or a home.
Later that night I loosed my hair from its braids and combed it smooth -- not for myself, but so the village girls could play with it in the morning.
We had disembarked at the village that afternoon, and I had slumped on some shaded steps, wishing I knew some Spanish or some Quechua so I could speak with the ring of little girls who were alternately staring at me and smiling at their toes. I spoke anyway, and fooled with my hair, which they were obviously dying to get their hands on, and laughed, and soon they were all braiding my hair, all five of them, all fifty fingers, all my hair, even my bangs. And then they took it apart and did it again, laughing, and teaching me Spanish nouns, and meeting my eyes and each other's with open delight, while their small brothers in blue jeans climbed down from the trees and began kicking a volleyball around with one of the North American men.
Now, as I combed my hair in the little tent, another of the men, a free-lance writer from Manhattan, was talking quietly. He was telling us the tale of his life, describing his work in Hollywood, his apartment in Manhattan, his house in Paris.... "It makes me wonder," he said, "what I'm doing in a tent under a tree in the village of Pompeya, on the Napo River, in the jungle of Ecuador." After a pause he added, "It makes me wonder why I'm going back."
The point of going somewhere like the Napo River in Ecuador is not to see the most spectacular anything. It is simply to see what is there. We are here on the planet only once, and might as well get a feel for the place. We might as well get a feel for the fringes and hollows in which life is lived, for the Amazon basin, which covers half a continent, and for the life that -- there, like anywhere else -- is always and necessarily lived in detail: on the tributaries, in the riverside villages, sucking this particular white-fleshed guava in this particular pattern of shade.
What is there is interesting. The Napo River itself is wide and brown, opaque, and smeared with floating foam and logs and branches from the jungle. Parrots in flocks dart in and out of the light. Under the water in the river, unseen, are anacondas -- which are reputed to take a few village toddlers every year -- and water boas, crocodiles, and sweet-meated fish.
Low water bares gray strips of sandbar on which the natives build tiny palm-thatch shelters for overnight fishing trips. You see these extraordinarily clean people (who bathe twice a day in the river, and whose straight black hair is always freshly washed) paddling down the river in dugout canoes, hugging the banks.
Some of the Indians of this region, earlier in the century, used to sleep naked in hammocks. The nights are cold. Gordon MacCreach, an American explorer in these Amazon tributaries, reported that he was startled to hear the Indians get up at three in the morning. He was even more startled, night after night, to hear them walk down to the river slowly, half asleep, and bathe in the water. Only later did he learn what they were doing: they were getting warm. The cold woke them; they warmed their skins in the river, which was always ninety degrees; then they returned to their hammocks and slept through the rest of the night.
When you are inside the jungle, away from the river, the trees vault out of sight. Butterflies, bright blue, striped, or clear-winged, thread the jungle paths at eye level. And at your feet is a swath of ants bearing triangular bits of green leaf. The ants with their leaves look like a wide fleet of sailing dinghies -- but they don't quit. In either direction they wobble over the jungle floor as far as the eye can see.
Long lakes shine in the jungle. We traveled one of these in dugout canoes, canoes paddled with machete-hewn oars, or poled in the shallows with bamboo. Our part-Indian guide had cleared the path to the lake the day before; when we walked the path we saw where he had impaled the lopped head of a boa, open-mouthed, on a pointed stick by the canoes, for decoration.
This lake was wonderful. Herons plodded the shores, kingfishers and cuckoos clattered from sunlight to shade, great turkeylike birds fussed in dead branches, and hawks hung overhead. There was all the time in the world. A turtle slid into the water. The boy in the bow of my canoe slapped stones at birds with a simple sling, a rubber thong and leather pad. He aimed brilliantly at moving targets, always, and always missed; the birds were out of range. He stuffed his sling back in his shirt. I looked around.
The lake and river waters are as opaque as rainforest leaves; they are veils, blinds, painted screens. You see things only by their effects. I saw the shoreline water heave above a thrashing paichi, an enormous black fish of these waters; one had been caught the previous week weighing 430 pounds. Piranha fish live in the lakes, and electric eels. I dangled my fingers in the water, figuring it would be worth it.
We would eat chicken that night in the village, together with rice, onions and heaps of fruit. The sun would ring down, pulling darkness after it like a curtain. Twilight is short, and the unseen birds of twilight wistful, catching the heart. The two nuns in their dazzling white habits -- the beautiful-boned young nun and the warm-faced old -- would glide to the open cane-and-thatch schoolroom in darkness, and start the children singing. The children would sing in piping Spanish, high-pitched and pure; they would sing "Nearer My God to Thee" in Quechua, very fast. As the children became excited by their own singing, they left their log benches and swarmed around the nuns, hopping, smiling at us, everyone smiling, the nuns' faces bursting in their cowls, and the clear-voiced children still singing, and the palm-leafed roofing stirred.
The Napo River: it is not out of the way. It is in the way, catching sunlight the way a cup catches poured water; it is a bowl of sweet air, a basin of greenness, and of grace, and, it would seem, of peace.
安妮·迪拉德講述了自己游覽厄瓜多爾叢林深處的納波河的經(jīng)歷。那是大自然遭受人為破壞最少的地區(qū)之一。她描述了森林之美以及對(duì)生活在那里的土著人的歆慕之情。
在叢林中
安妮·迪拉德
如同所有僻遠(yuǎn)之地，當(dāng)你身臨其境時(shí)，厄瓜多爾叢林深處的納波河就顯得那么真實(shí)，甚至有中心要地的感覺。那么僻遠(yuǎn)之地遠(yuǎn)離什么呢?夜半時(shí)分，在亞馬遜河的源頭，我坐在一個(gè)樹墩上，身后是傍水的棕櫚葉作屋頂?shù)男〈迓�。遠(yuǎn)離人類活動(dòng)，遠(yuǎn)離脈脈溫情。或者說遠(yuǎn)離天堂的掃視?
一只歐夜鷹在密密的樹葉間發(fā)出三聲長(zhǎng)啼，旋即靜默無聲。和我一起的那些男人輕聲交談著：3個(gè)北美人，4個(gè)為我們?cè)趨擦种袔返亩蚬隙酄柸恕Ｎ覀兪掷锬弥鍥龅娘嬃�，悠閑地看著一只有手那么大小的狼蛛捕捉紛紛撲向我們身旁發(fā)電機(jī)棚屋上一個(gè)燈泡的飛蟲。
時(shí)值2月，正當(dāng)仲夏。綠瑩瑩的螢火蟲在空中閃出光亮，一會(huì)兒這里照亮一下，一會(huì)兒那里照亮一下幽木巨樹的暗淡的樹干。在我們下方，褐黃色的納波河水正在漲潮。萬籟俱寂：惟見河水沿著沙岸蜿蜒流過，水沫裹挾在蔓生在森林里的藤蔓間以及盤繞岸邊的樹根上。
夜晚吸入的每口氣都沁人心脾。獵戶星座里的每一顆星星似乎都因了我的呼吸而顫動(dòng)。突然，我們身后空地旁的茅屋里，傳出了錄音機(jī)的聲音，一首樂曲在村子空地之上繚繞，減弱了我們?cè)诤优险勗挼穆曇簦缓笥謧髦梁用�，隨流飄去。
人生遇此情景足矣，我暗想。在此度過周末足以，在此小住數(shù)月足以，在此安家足以。
夜半時(shí)分，我散開辮子，把頭發(fā)梳理得平平整整--不是為我自己，而是為了村里那些姑娘早上可以玩我的頭發(fā)。
我們是那天下午在這個(gè)小村上岸的，我垂著頭坐在樹陰下的踏級(jí)上，真希望自己會(huì)說幾句西班牙語(yǔ)或蓋丘亞語(yǔ)，好跟圍成一圈的小女孩說說話，她們一會(huì)兒看看我，一會(huì)兒又低頭看著自己的腳趾竊笑。我還是開口了，笑著撫弄自己的頭發(fā)，她們顯然也都非常想碰碰我的頭發(fā)。沒過一會(huì)兒，她們就給我編辮子了，她們5個(gè)人，50個(gè)手指，我是一頭辮子，連留海也編成了辮子。她們拆了編，編了拆，一邊笑一邊教我西班牙語(yǔ)單詞，望望我，又相互對(duì)望，個(gè)個(gè)喜形于色，她們那些穿著牛仔服的小弟弟們則紛紛下得樹來，跟一個(gè)北美人踢排球玩耍。
此刻，我在低矮的帳篷里梳理著頭發(fā)，另一個(gè)北美人，一位來自曼哈頓的自由作家，正在輕聲說話。他在向我們講述他人生的故事，講述他在好萊塢的工作、在曼哈頓的公寓、在巴黎的家…… “我不由納悶，”他說，“在厄瓜多爾的叢林里，在納波河上，在蓬帕雅小村，在樹下的帳篷里，自己在干什么�！彼D了頓，接著說：“我不由尋思，自己為什么要回去。”
去厄瓜多爾納波河這種地方不是為了觀賞什么世界奇觀，而只是去看一看那里有些什么。人生在世，惟有一次，我們不妨去感受一下那個(gè)地方。我們不妨去感受一下有生命生活其間的遠(yuǎn)方水鄉(xiāng)山谷，去感受覆蓋了半個(gè)大陸的亞馬遜河流域，去感受那樣一種生活――在那里，一如在別的地方――那種必定總是瑣碎的生活：在各條支流上，在臨水的村落里，在有著獨(dú)特形狀的陰涼處吮吸著有白色漿果的獨(dú)特的番石榴。
那里的一切都趣味盎然。納波河河面寬闊，河水混濁，呈褐黃色，浮沫以及叢林里來的木段和樹枝翻浮其上。成群的鸚鵡忽而飛進(jìn)樹蔭里，忽而飛入陽(yáng)光里。水下潛伏著南美蟒蛇――據(jù)說每年都要吞吃幾名村童――還有水蟒、鱷魚，以及肉質(zhì)鮮美的魚類。
水淺的地方露出灰茫茫的狹長(zhǎng)沙洲，土著人在沙洲上為過夜的漁夫搭建了小小的棕櫚茅舍。你能見到這些清潔得出奇的人(他們?cè)诤永镆惶煦逶纱�，滿頭直挺的黑發(fā)更是剛剛洗過)在獨(dú)木舟里緊貼著河岸蕩槳。
在本世紀(jì)早期，這一地區(qū)的一些印第安人常常赤身睡在吊床里。夜晚頗涼�？睖y(cè)亞馬遜河支流的美國(guó)探險(xiǎn)家戈登·麥克里奇曾記述說，他凌晨點(diǎn)就聽見印第安人起身，深感愕然。更令他驚奇的是，夜復(fù)一夜，他都聽見他們半睡半醒地緩步走向河邊，趟到河里洗起澡來。后來他才弄明白他們是在干什么：他們?cè)谌∨�。涼意把他們凍醒，他們便到河里暖暖身子，因�(yàn)楹铀３?0(華氏)度不變;隨后他們?cè)倩氐降醮采�，睡到天亮�?/p>
當(dāng)你離開大河，深入?yún)擦郑瑵M眼樹木高聳入云。一眼望去，成群的蝴蝶穿過叢林小徑，有寶藍(lán)的，有條紋的，有純色翅膀的。在腳下，則有一長(zhǎng)列螞蟻背負(fù)著三角形的綠葉碎片。負(fù)葉爬行的螞蟻就像一支規(guī)模龐大、揚(yáng)帆行駛的船隊(duì)――只是它們不會(huì)停歇。無論什么方向，都能看到它們?cè)趨擦值牡孛嫔蠐u搖擺擺地爬行。
叢林中狹長(zhǎng)的湖泊上波光閃閃。我們蕩舟其上，劃著用大砍刀砍削而成的木槳，在淺水處則以竹當(dāng)篙。有著一半印第安血統(tǒng)的向?qū)耙惶煲呀?jīng)辟出了通往湖泊的小路;我們?cè)谛÷飞闲凶邥r(shí)，看見他砍下作為裝飾的蟒蛇頭，張開大口，釘在獨(dú)木舟邊尖頭枝條上。
湖泊奇妙無比。蒼鷺在岸邊緩緩地邁著步子，翠鳥和杜鵑歡叫著從陽(yáng)光里飛入樹蔭，火雞模樣的大鳥在枯枝間忙碌，鷹在頭上盤旋。我們毋庸為時(shí)間擔(dān)憂，可以從容地欣賞周圍的一切。一只烏龜滑入水中。我乘坐的獨(dú)木舟船頭坐著個(gè)男孩，他用簡(jiǎn)陋的彈弓――橡皮彈架和皮索――發(fā)射石彈擊打飛鳥。他擺出漂亮的架勢(shì)瞄準(zhǔn)飛鳥，卻一次又一次地偏離目標(biāo);鳥總是飛出他的射程。他把彈弓塞回進(jìn)襯衣內(nèi)。我移開目光。
湖水與河水都如熱帶雨林中的樹葉那樣乳濁;那水是面紗，是窗簾，是畫屏。你只能從表象看事物。我看到近岸的河水在起伏，上面翻騰著一條巨滑舌魚，那是這一帶水域出產(chǎn)的一種奇大的黑魚;上一個(gè)星期捕獲一條，重達(dá)430磅。湖里有水虎魚，還有電鰻。我用手指在水里劃著，心想即使被魚咬一口也值得。
那天夜晚在小村里，我們將吃雞肉，還有米飯、洋蔥和一大堆水果。夕陽(yáng)會(huì)西下，像落幕似地把夜暮降下。黃昏短暫，暮色中，看不見的鳥兒在傷感似地啼鳴，聲聲動(dòng)人。兩位修女，身穿耀眼的白色道服――年輕的修女身材姣好，年長(zhǎng)的那位慈眉善目――會(huì)在夜色中悄然來到開著門的用藤條茅草搭建的教室里，讓孩子們唱歌。孩子們會(huì)用西班牙語(yǔ)放聲歌唱，歌聲又高又純;他們會(huì)用蓋丘亞語(yǔ)唱“上帝離你更近”，唱得非常快。孩子們唱著唱著興奮起來，紛紛從木凳上站起，簇?fù)碓趦晌恍夼砼裕质翘�，又是沖著我們笑。人人都在歡笑，穿戴頭巾的修女滿臉歡笑，聲音清脆的孩子們還在歌唱，棕櫚葉鋪的屋頂也在顫動(dòng)。
納波河：那不是荒僻的地方。那是個(gè)有人煙的地域，像杯子盛載往里倒的水那樣，納波河接住照射下來的陽(yáng)光;那是個(gè)充滿清新空氣的低洼地區(qū)，一片翠綠的盆地，環(huán)境優(yōu)美的盆地，看來還是個(gè)平靜的盆地。
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第3冊(cè)課文翻譯 篇4
Life Can Be Cruel
There will be people in your life who won't be very nice. They'll tease you because you're different, or for no good reason. They might try to bully you or hurt you.
There's not much you can do about these people except to learn to deal with them, and learn to choose friends who are kind to you, who actually care about you, who make you feel good about yourself. When you find friends like this, hold on to them, treasure them, spend time with them, be kind to them, love them.
There will be times when you are met with disappointment instead of success. Life won't always turn out the way you want. This is just another thing you'll have to learn to deal with. But instead of letting these things get you down, push on. Accept disappointment and learn to persevere, to pursue your dreams despite pitfalls. Learn to turn negatives into positives, and you'll do much better in life.
You will also face heartbreak and abandonment by those you love. I hope you don't have to face this too much, but it happens. Again, not much you can do but to heal, and to move on with your life. Let these pains become stepping stones to better things in life, and learn to use them to make you stronger.
生活會(huì)很殘酷
你的生活中一定會(huì)有并不友好的人。他們恥笑你因?yàn)槟悴煌�，而在沒有更好的理由。他們可能會(huì)欺負(fù)你或者傷害你。
對(duì)這種人你除了學(xué)會(huì)和其接觸無計(jì)可施，同時(shí)你也要學(xué)會(huì)擇友，選擇那些對(duì)你友善的，那些真正關(guān)心你的，那些令你對(duì)自己感到很好的人做朋友。當(dāng)你尋找到像這樣的朋友，就一定要堅(jiān)守這份友誼，珍惜他們，花些時(shí)間和他們?cè)谝黄穑焉频膶?duì)待他們并愛他們。
有時(shí)你會(huì)遭遇挫折而非成功。生活并不總會(huì)如你所愿。這是另一件你需要學(xué)會(huì)處理的事情。但你要挺住向前，而不是讓這些事讓你陷入低谷。接受挫敗并學(xué)會(huì)堅(jiān)持，不畏風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地追求你的夢(mèng)想。學(xué)會(huì)把消極轉(zhuǎn)化為積極，之后你就能做的好得多。
你同樣會(huì)面臨心碎時(shí)刻以及你深愛的人的拋棄。我希望你無須經(jīng)歷太多此類事件，但如果不幸發(fā)生了，再一次，除了慢慢愈合心中的創(chuàng)傷并繼續(xù)下去你的生活，你別無選擇。讓這些痛苦成為你通向更美好生活的墊腳石，并學(xué)會(huì)利用它們讓自己更堅(jiān)強(qiáng)。
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