- 相關(guān)推薦
四六級英語諺語翻譯的正確方法
在生活、工作和學(xué)習(xí)中，大家或多或少都接觸過一些經(jīng)典的諺語吧，諺語一般是通過口頭傳播，流傳下來的。你知道民間諺語都有哪些嗎？下面是小編幫大家整理的四六級英語諺語翻譯的正確方法，歡迎大家借鑒與參考，希望對大家有所幫助。
突破四六級英語諺語翻譯的正確方法
英語考試?yán)�，翻譯是座大山;翻譯大山上，諺語絕對是座峭峰。諺語是語言的重要組成部分，在漢語里是如此，在英語里也一樣。作為最生動、最精煉的語言，也恰恰是最不容易翻譯的部分之一。如果能夠成功翻過這座大山，其他部分的翻譯自然不成問題，還能豐富我們的英語詞匯，提高整體的英語表達(dá)能力。
翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有很多，"形神兼?zhèn)?quot;是最高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但由于英漢文化上的差異，翻譯中的"形似"和"神似"往往不可兼得，所以就以能揭示原文本質(zhì)的"神似"的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為主。在翻譯英語諺語時我們必須全面考慮到其語言特征和文化背景，靈活地運(yùn)用多種翻譯方法，力求準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)原文的意義，全面正確理解諺語的深刻內(nèi)涵。
直譯法
由于大多數(shù)諺語都是采用生動形象的比喻，只要是在考生能理解的范圍內(nèi)，都應(yīng)該盡量使用直譯法，把原文的內(nèi)容、形式和精神都輸入到譯文中去，給閱讀者以"原汁原味"的感覺。例如：
1、In the country of the blind the one-eyed man is king.
(盲人國中，獨(dú)眼稱雄。)
2、Half a loaf is better than no bread.
(有半塊面包總比沒有好。)
3、As a long road tests a horse's strength, so a long task proves a
person's heart.
(路遙知馬力，日久見人心。)
4、Barking dogs seldom bite.
(愛叫的狗不咬人。)
5、Don't do unto others what you don't want others do unto you.
(己所不欲勿施于人。)
6、A wise fox will never rob his neighbour's hen roost.
(聰明的狐貍，不偷鄰里。)
意譯法
也有一部分諺語由于英漢語言結(jié)構(gòu)和文化背景的差異，無法進(jìn)行直譯。這時，我們就沒必要追求原文的字面意義和形式了，而是把原文的內(nèi)存含義譯出來。如果硬是進(jìn)行直譯，反而會使譯文讀者不知所云，或使譯文牽強(qiáng)附會。例如：
1、A good dog deserves a good bone.
(有功者受賞。)
2、Every dog has his day.
(凡人皆有得意日。)
3、When Greek meets Greek, then comes the tug of war.
(兩雄相爭，其斗必烈。)
4、Every man has a fool in his sleeve.
(每個人都有糊涂的時候。)
5、A loss may turn out to be a gain.
(塞翁失馬，安知非福?)
6、A good conscience is a soft pillow.
(不做虧心事，不怕鬼敲門。)
直譯兼意譯法
有些諺語既不好完全直譯，也不好完全意譯。這時就應(yīng)該用直譯兼意譯法。例如：
1、Until all is over, ambition never dies.
(不到黃河心不死。)
2、Lifting a rock only to have his own toes squashed.
(搬起石頭打自己的腳。)
3、Birds of a feather flock together.
(物以類聚。)
4、Man proposes, God disposes.
(謀事在人，成事在天。)
5、 Facts speak louder than words.
(事實(shí)勝于雄辯。)
6、All occupations are base, only book-learning is exalted.
(萬般皆下品，唯有讀書高。)
套譯法
英語和漢語中有不少非常相似或相近的諺語。對這些對等或基本對等的諺語，我們可采用套譯的方法，一方面可使譯文更加通順，另一方面更容易讓人理解。例如：
1、 Enough is as good as a feast.
(知足常樂。)
2、A word spoken is past recalling.
(一言既出，駟馬難追。)
3、When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
(入鄉(xiāng)隨俗)
4、Teach others by your example.
(以身作則。)
5、What you lose on the swings you get back on the roundabouts.
(失之東隅，收之桑榆)
6、 Great minds think alike.
四六級英語諺語翻譯的正確方法
(英雄所見略同。)諺語的口譯大致可分為三種類型：“形同意合”的口譯、“形似意合”的口譯、“形異意合”的口譯。下面分別介紹這三種諺語。
形同意合
英語和漢語兩種語言中都有許多“形”同“意”合的諺語。例如：
英語的“A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.”與漢語的“吃一塹，長一智”，其形其意都極為吻合。兩種語言中存在著形意相合的諺語，這對譯員來說，無疑是可喜可慰的。
以下各例諺語的英漢對照，無論是選詞還是表意，英漢語都極為相近：
Facts speak louder than words. 事實(shí)勝于雄辯
Money can't buy time.寸金難買寸光陰
Failure is the mother of success.失敗乃成功之母
To teach is to learn. 教學(xué)相長
Like father, like son.有其父，必有其子。
Pride goes before a fall.驕者必敗
Fish in troubled waters.渾水摸魚
Business is business.公事公辦
The style is the man.文如其人
More haste, less speed.欲速則不達(dá)
Great minds think alike.英雄所見略同
Misfortunes never come alone.禍不單行
Hedges have eyes, walls have ears.隔籬有眼，隔墻有耳。
Man proposes, God disposes.謀事在人，成事在天。
Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.情人眼里出西施
Time and tide wait for no man.時不我待/歲月無情
A young idler, an old beggar.少壯不努力，老大徒傷悲。
Health is better than wealth.家有萬貫財，不如一身健。
Out of office, out of danger.無官一身輕
In time of peace prepare for war.居安當(dāng)思危
The tongue cuts the throat.禍從口出/言多必失
Out of sight, out of mind. /Far from eye, far from heart.眼不見為凈
All shall be well, Jack shall have Jill.有情人終成眷屬
Friends must part.聚散離合總有時/天下無不散之宴席
The remembrance of the past is the teacher of the future.前事不忘，后事之師。/前車之覆，后車之鑒。
形似意合
英漢語言中有許多諺語雖然“形”有所不同，但表意卻有驚人的相似之處，例如英語中有“Love me, love my dog.”—語，漢語里也有“愛屋及烏”之說。對反應(yīng)較快的口譯人員來說，這類諺語的轉(zhuǎn)譯通常比較容易應(yīng)付。
以下各例均屬這類諺語：
Kill two birds with one stone. 一箭雙雕/一石雙鳥
Speak of the devil (and he will appear).說到曹操，曹操到。
A new broom sweeps clean.新官上任三把火
Beat the dog before the lion.殺雞儆猴
Let sleeping dogs lie.勿打草驚蛇
Teach fish to swim.班門弄斧
A word spoken is past recalling. 一言既出，駟馬難追。
Once bitten, twice shy. 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井繩。
Birds of a feather flock together.物以類聚，人以群分。
In for a penny, in for a pound. 一不做，二不休。
There is no smoke without fire.無風(fēng)不起浪
Have a card up one’s sleeve.胸有成竹
His bark is worse than his bite.有口無心
Put the cart before the horse.本末倒置
Fine feathers make fine birds.佛要金裝，人要衣裝。
As a man sows, so he shall reap.種瓜得瓜，種豆得豆。
Much will have more.得隴望蜀/得寸進(jìn)尺
The sauce is better than the fish.喧賓奪主
He cries wine and sells vinegar.掛羊頭，賣狗肉。
Good wine needs no bush.酒香不怕巷子深
The pupil outdoes the master.青出于藍(lán)而勝于藍(lán)
There are plenty of fish in the sea.天涯何處無芳草
Diamond cut diamond.強(qiáng)中更有強(qiáng)中手
He takes a spear to kill a fly.殺雞用牛刀
Gifts blind the eyes.拿了手短，吃了嘴軟。
Don’t bite the hand that feeds you.不要恩將仇報
Dogs bite in every country.天下烏鴉一般黑
Peace on the forehead and war in the mind. 口蜜腹劍
Better an open enemy than a false friend.明槍易躲，暗箭難防。
Do one thing under cover of another.明修棧道，暗度陳倉。
The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak.心有余而力不足
Little strokes fell great oaks.滴水穿石/只要功夫深，鐵杵磨成針。
Judge not a book by its cover.人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。
All roads lead to Rome. / All rivers run into the sea.殊途同歸
A straight foot is not afraid of a crooked shoe.身正不怕影子余斗
The same knife cuts bread and fingers.水能載舟，亦能覆舟。
A sparrow cannot understand the ambition of a swan.燕雀安知鴻鵠之志
It is better to be the head of a dog/lizard than the tail of a lion. 寧為雞首，無為牛后。
It is better to die than to live when life is a disgrace. /Better die with honor than live with shame.寧為玉碎，不為瓦全。
形異意合
譯員遇到第三類諺語時，常常會因“形”生“意”，造成誤譯。例如英語諺語“A horse stumbles that has four legs.”，若將其直譯成“有四條腿的馬會失蹄”，這自然會讓聽者不知所云，甚至?xí)a(chǎn)生一種莫名其妙的感覺。對于這類諺語的翻譯，應(yīng)采取“形相遠(yuǎn)而意相近”的譯法，即以完全不同的詞語將甲方語句的寓意準(zhǔn)確地傳達(dá)給乙方。如果我們將上例“A horse stumbles that has four legs.”譯成“人非圣賢，孰能無過”或“金無足赤，人無完人”，不失為成功的處理方法。漢譯后，其形雖變，然其意仍存。
以下各例諺語的雙解均體現(xiàn)了“形相遠(yuǎn)而意相近”的翻譯原則：
A clear conscience is a sure card.為人不做虧心事，半夜不怕鬼敲門。
A bad conscience is a snake in one's heart.做賊心虛
All your swans are geese.事與愿違
Justice has long arms.天網(wǎng)恢恢，疏而不漏。
Late fruit keeps well.大器晚成
Take things as they come.既來之，則安之。
A hedge between keeps friendship green.君子之交淡如水
Rest breeds rust.生命在于運(yùn)動
Names are debts.樹大招風(fēng)
Common fame is a liar.盛名之下，其實(shí)難副。
Many kiss the baby for the nurse’s sake.醉翁之意不在酒
Nothing venture, nothing have. 不入虎穴，焉得虎子。
Do in Rome as the Romans do.入鄉(xiāng)隨俗
Things done cannot be undone.木已成舟/覆水難收
True blue will never stain.真金不怕火煉
Everybody's business is nobody's business.三個和尚沒水喝
The moon is not seen when the sun shines.小巫見大巫
Penny wise and pound foolish.因小失大
He knows most who speaks least. /Still water runs deep.大智若愚
As you make the bed, so you must lie in it.自食其果
The pot calls the kettle black.五十步笑百步
Short pleasure, long lament. 一失足成千古恨
Don't count the chicken before they are hatched.請勿盲目樂觀
What is done by night appears by day.若要人不知，除非己莫為。
Danger is next neighbor to security.塞翁失馬，安知非福？
Misfortune might be a blessing in disguise.禍兮福所倚，福兮禍所伏。
What we lose in hake we shall have in herring.失之東隅，收之桑榆。
Stick together through thick and thin.有福同享，有禍同當(dāng)。/患難與共/風(fēng)雨同舟
Save your breath to cool your porridge.各人自掃門前雪，莫管他人瓦上霜。
A watched pot never boils.心急吃不了熱豆腐/有意栽花花不開，無心插柳柳成蔭。
A leopard cannot change its spots. / You cannot make a crab walk straight.江山易改，本性難移。
Don't trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.順其自然。/隨遇而安。/車到山前必有路
Accidents will happen. /Every tide has its ebb.天有不測之風(fēng)云，人有旦夕之禍福。
Even Homer sometimes nods. /The best horse stumbles.智者千慮，必有一失。
Rome was not built in a day.冰凍三尺，非一日之寒。/修煉成仙， 非一日之功。
The shepherd would rather lose the wool than the sheep.留得青山在，不怕沒柴燒。
A little leak will sink a great ship. /A stitch in time saves nine. 小洞不補(bǔ)，大洞吃苦。/亡羊補(bǔ)牢。
其他
當(dāng)然，掌握了以上3種諺語的翻譯方法并不等于可以翻譯所有諺語的。有些諺語的翻譯需要譯員“轉(zhuǎn)形解意”，而有些諺語的翻譯需要“以不變應(yīng)萬變”，以保其“原汁原味”。例如：
Silence is golden.沉默是金
A rolling stone gathers no moss.滾石不生苔
One swallow does not make a summer. 一燕不成夏
All is not gold that glitters.閃閃發(fā)光物,并非皆金子。
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.雙鳥在林，不如一鳥在手。
A bird is known by its note and a man by his talk.聞啼知鳥，聞言知人。
除了諺語之外，成語、習(xí)語、歇后語、詩句等語句的臨場翻譯也是譯員頗感棘手的問題。以上所述的有關(guān)諺語的口譯方法有“舉一反三”之意。一般說來，譯員在充分理解有關(guān)詞語所含寓意的情況下，可采用意譯或半意譯的方法，只需將詞語的意思傳譯過去即可。
【四六級英語諺語翻譯的正確方法】相關(guān)文章：
常用英語諺語翻譯10-21
四六級英語翻譯試題02-14
2017英語四六級寫作必備諺語03-10
2022英語四六級寫作常用諺語大全09-25
英語四六級作文常用諺語（精選175句）06-13
如何提升英語四六級翻譯能力04-06
四六級翻譯技巧總結(jié)11-25