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2024年大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解題及解析（通用8篇）
在英語四級備考的過程中，英語四級閱讀是對學(xué)生深度理解、分析和應(yīng)用英文文本的考量，如何高效閱讀英語文章，下面是小編整理的大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解題及解析，希望對大家有幫助。
大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解題及解析 1
Merchant and passenger ships are generally required to have a life preserver for every person aboard and in many cases, a certain percentage of smaller sizes for children. According to United States requirements, life preservers must design, reversible capable of being quickly adjusted to fit the uninitiated individual, and must be so designed as to support the wearer in the water in an upright or slightly backward position.
Sufficient buoyancy(浮力) to support the wearer should be retained by the life preserver after 48 hours in the water, and it should be reliable even after long period of storage. Thus it should be made of materials resistant to sunlight, gasoline, and oils, and it should be not easily set on fire.?The position in which the life preserver will support a person who jumps or falls into the water is most important, as is its tendency to turn the wearer in the water from a face-down position to an upright or slightly backward position, with his face clear of the water, even when the wearer is exhausted or unconscious.
The method of adjustment to the body should be simple, and self-evident to uninitiated persons even in the dark under the confused conditions, which follow a disaster. Thus, the life be reversible that it is nearly impossible to get it on wrong. Catches, straps, and ties should be kept to a minimum. In addition, the life preserver must be adjustable to the wide variety of shapes and sizes of wearers, since this greatly affects the position of floating and the self-righting qualities. A suitable life also be comfortable to wear at all times, in and out of the water, not so heavy as to encourage to take it off on shipboard while the ship is in danger, nor so burdensome that it hinders a person in the water while trying to swim.
1. The passage is mainly about____.
A) the uses of life preservers
B) the design of life preservers
C) the materials for life preservers
D) the buoyancy of life preservers
2. According to the passage, a life be first of all ____.
A) adjustable B) comfortable C) self-evident D) self-righting
3. United States Coast Guard does NOT require the life preserver to be made ____.
A) with as few strings as possible
B) capable of being worn on both sides
C) according to each wearers size
D) comfortable and light to wear
4. By “the uninitiated individual” (Para. 1, Line. 4) the author refers to the person ____.
A) who has not been instructed how to use a life preserver
B) who has a little experience in using a life preserver
C) who uses a life preserver without permission
D) who becomes nervous before a disaster
5. What would happen if a person were supported by the life preserver in a wrong position?
A) The waves would move him backwards.
B) The water would choke him.
C) He would immediately sink to the bottom.
D) He would be exhausted or unconscious.
答案與解析：
1. B
文章主要講述了救生衣的設(shè)計(jì)。間接題型段首主旨題。C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)都是對救生衣設(shè)計(jì)中設(shè)計(jì)材料的說明。A項(xiàng)為陷阱，指救生衣的用途，盡管開頭提到，但范圍不著邊際。故只有B是正確選項(xiàng)。
2. D
根據(jù)文章，救生衣首先會自動(dòng)扶正。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本文第三段主要討論救生衣落水位置，應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)的能“自動(dòng)扶正”,或稍向后仰。B項(xiàng)是對材料的描述，范圍太窄，而A和C不合題意，因此D是正確答案。
3. C
美國海岸巡邏隊(duì)不需要救生衣根據(jù)穿戴者的尺寸生產(chǎn)。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)都涉及method，其相關(guān)部分見最后一段第三句，A，B，D三項(xiàng)都是文章中提及的，C項(xiàng)與本題無關(guān)的內(nèi)容，因此應(yīng)該選C。
4. A
“the uninitiated individual”作者指的'是不知道怎么使用救生衣的人。語義指代題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句，我們可推出“the uninitiated individual”就是指的那些不知道怎么使用救生衣的人。故A是正確選項(xiàng)。
5. D
如果一個(gè)人沒有正確使用救生衣，就會發(fā)生什么?細(xì)節(jié)辨別題。第三段第一句后半句中a face-down position和本題中的 in a wrong position相對應(yīng)。因此選項(xiàng)D“他可能太累了或者是已經(jīng)失去知覺”是正確答案。
大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解題及解析 2
Most episodes of absent-mindedness forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered aroom-are caused by a simple lack of attention,says Schacter. “You’re supposed to remember something, butyou haven’t encoded it deeply.”
Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phonein a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in you wardrobe (衣柜). “Your memory itself isn’t failing you,” says Schacter. “Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed.”
Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago,” says Zelinski, “may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.” Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on justthat.
Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. “But be sure the cue is clear and available,” he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication (藥物) with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don’t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.
Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you’re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time,” says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember.
練習(xí)題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1. Why does the author think that encoding properly is very important?
A. It helps us understand our memory system better.
B. It enables us to recall something form our memory.
C. It expands our memory capacity considerably.
D. It slows down the process of losing our memory.
2. One possible reason why women have better memories than men is that ________.
A. they have a wider range of interests
B. they are more reliant on the environment
C. they have an unusual power of focusing their attention
D. they are more interested in what’s happening around them
3. A note in the pocket can hardly serve as a reminder because ________.
A. it will easily get lost
B. it’s not clear enough for you to read
C. it’s out of your sight
D. it might get mixed up with other things
4. What do we learn from the last paragraph?
A. If we focus our attention on one thing, we might forget another.
B. Memory depends to a certain extent on the environment.
C. Repetition helps improve our memory.
D. If we keep forgetting things, we’d better return to where we were.
5. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The process of gradual memory loss.
B. The causes of absent-mindedness.
C. The impact of the environment on memory.
D. A way if encoding and recalling.
參考答案
1.[B]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第2段第1句可知，encoding是關(guān)注某事的一種特殊方式，這影響到以后是否能回憶起這件事來，因此B正確。
2.[D]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第3段第3句，“女性比男性的記憶力稍強(qiáng)，這也許是因?yàn)樗齻儗χ車沫h(huán)境更加注意，而記憶正是依靠這個(gè)”，故選D “她們對于周圍發(fā)生的事更感興趣”。
3.[C]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第4段首句中說到的“視覺線索可以防止遺忘某事”可知破折號之后的警告“不要把藥瓶放在藥箱里，然后寫一張紙條裝進(jìn)口袋”正是為了防止藥瓶、提示性信條離開了視線，故選C。
4.[A]推斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的`前兩句“心不在焉的另一個(gè)常見的情景是:走進(jìn)房間,卻不知為什么要進(jìn)來。你很有可能是在想別的事”,可知本題答案為A。
5.[B]主旨題。根據(jù)第1、3、5段的首句可以得出，本文主要講的是精神不集中的原因，故選B。
大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解題及解析 3
Not surprising in these hard times, the student’s major objective “is to be financially well off. Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life.” It follows then that today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting.
Interest in teaching, social service and the“altruistic”fields is at a low. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up.
That’s no surprise either. A friend of mine (a sales representative for a chemical company) was making twice the salary of her college instructors her first year on the job-even before she completed her two-yearassociate degree.
While it’s true that we all need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributions m be they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying thediverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs.
Weekly we read of unions who went on strike for higher wages, only to drive their employer out of business.No company; no job. How shortsighted in the long run!
But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense. I saw a cartoon recently which shows a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table; one of them is talking on the intercom (對講機(jī)): “Miss Baxter,”he says, “could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?”
From the long-term point of view, that’s what education really ought to be about.
練習(xí)題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1. According to the author’s observation, college students _______.
A. have never been so materialistic as today
B. have never been so interested in the arts
C. have never been so financially well off as today
D. have never attached so much importance to moral sense
2. The students’ criteria for selecting majors today have much to do with _______.
A. the influences of their instructors
B. the financial goals they seek in life
C. their own interpretations of the courses
D. their understanding of the contributions of others
3. By saying “While it’s true that ... be they scientific or artistic” (Lines 1-3, Para. 5), the author means that _______.
A. business management should be included in educational programs
B. human wisdom has accumulated at an extraordinarily high speed
C. human intellectual development has reached new heights
D. the importance of a broad education should not be overlooked
4. Studying the diverse wisdom of others can ________.
A. create varying artistic interests
B. help people see things in their right perspective
C. help improve connections among people
D. regulate the behavior of modern people
5. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Businessmen absorbed in their career are narrow-minded.
B. Managers often find it hard to tell right from wrong.
C. People engaged in technical jobs lead a more rewarding life.
D. Career seekers should not focus on immediate interests only.
1.[A]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第1段可知，根據(jù)調(diào)査，當(dāng)今處于傳統(tǒng)年齡的大學(xué)一年級的學(xué)生在17年來的民意測驗(yàn)中是“最追求物質(zhì)享受、最自私的”，這與A所述相一致。
2.[B]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第2段第1句指出現(xiàn)在大學(xué)生選擇專業(yè)的.目的是為了經(jīng)濟(jì)上的富裕，B中的financial goals對應(yīng)文中的financial well off，故正確。
3.[D]句意理解題。本句首選強(qiáng)調(diào)Career職業(yè)的重要性，之后強(qiáng)啁我們也必須理解其他領(lǐng)域的知識，所以這句目的是強(qiáng)調(diào)全面教育的重要性，故D正確。
4.[B]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第5段第2句：同樣毋庸置疑的還有，學(xué)習(xí)他人的各種智慧時(shí)，我們也學(xué)會怎樣去思考。句中how to think與B中的see things in…right perspective意思最為相反，故B正確。
5.[D]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章的第5至6段可知，作者認(rèn)為罷工要求加薪等一些追求眼前利益的行為是目光短淺的，故D正確。
大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解題及解析 4
The dancers stand motionless at their position and the room grows silent. But as the music starts, they began to move, bending, turning and waving their fans gracefully as they perform. a traditional Japanese dance. Yoshihiro Kuroki watches in silence, occasionally making notes. But as the dance ends, he beams with happiness. The performance has been flawless.
There have been many performances of traditional Japanese dances over the centuries, but this one is unique,because it is performed not by human dancers but by robots. And the performance takes place not in a dance studio but in a laboratory of Sony Corp.s Entertainment Robot Co. in Shinagawa, Japan, where Kuroki isgeneral manager. He is the mastermind behind a series of even more capable humanoid entertainment robots,starting with the Sony Dream Robot, or SDR, in 1997, up to the current QRIO in 2003.
These delightful machines are only 58 cm tall, about the size of a newborn infant, weigh about 7 kg, and move with 38 degrees of freedom, each with its own servomotor(輔助馬達(dá)).
QRIOs predecessor, the SDR4X, announced in 2002, can walk, dance, sing, speak, recognize faces, and understand continuous speech. Each robot has two charge-coupled-device cameras to detect color and position andcan locate a colored ball, move toward it, and kick it into a goal. It also has contact sensors in severaljoints to avoid pinching real human fingers. Seeing the robot perform, it is difficult to remember that there is no sentience(知覺)behind those glass eyes.
練習(xí)題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.Which of the following is the most suitable title of this passage?
A.New Entertainment Robots Produced in Japan.
B.QRIO the Robot Dancers.
C.Robots Mans Best Friend.
D.An Extraordinary Performance in Sonys Lab.
2.Yoshihiro Kuroki ______.
A.is excited when the robots are performing a traditional Japanese dance
B.keeps silent because he is a little unsatisfied with the new product
C.witnesses the creation of a series of entertainment robots
D.is an executive manager of Sony Corp.
3.Which aspect of the robots is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A.The vividness of their motion.
B.Their pleasant appearance.
C.Their smart designing principles.
D.Their communicative ability.
4.The Sony Dream Robot was___
A.the first human-like entertainment robot developed by the Sony Corp
B.as capable as the QRIO of speaking,dancing,singing and walking
C.largest among all the entertainment robot developed by the Sony Corp
D.the first entertainment robot sold at the market by the Sony Corp
5.The robot can locate colored balls by mens of ____
A.a charge-coupled device
B.two cameras
C.two contacts sensors
D.a digital detector
參考答案
1.[A]主旨大意題。標(biāo)題需要既全面又突出地概括文章的主題。本文先是描述“舞蹈演員”，然后揭曉這是些“機(jī)器人”(第2段第1句)，接著對Sony公司的一些機(jī)器人產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行詳細(xì)介紹。選項(xiàng)A比較全面地概括了文章內(nèi)容。選項(xiàng)B、D只是涉及細(xì)節(jié)，不能全面地概括本文的內(nèi)容。而C又過于籠統(tǒng)，不具有針對性。
2.[C]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。選項(xiàng)C符合第2段最后一句“He is the mastermind behind a series of... robots...”。仔細(xì)閱讀有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)信息會發(fā)現(xiàn),第1段第3句可幫助否定選項(xiàng)A。第1段最后兩句可幫助否定選項(xiàng)B。另外，根據(jù)第2段倒數(shù)第2句可否定選項(xiàng)D。
3.[D]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。全文分四段，分別討論機(jī)器人三方面的特點(diǎn)：第1段和第2段描述機(jī)器人舞蹈演員栩栩如生的表演，即選項(xiàng)A;第3段描寫它們的外表，即選項(xiàng)B;第4段介紹它們巧妙的設(shè)計(jì)，即選項(xiàng)C;只有選項(xiàng)D是沒有提到的，故為答案。
4.[A]推理判斷題。該句中的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)“starting with...”表明the Sony Dream Robot是第一個(gè)人形娛樂機(jī)器人，因此選項(xiàng)A正確。文章在最后一段的第1句提到兩種能說話、跳舞的機(jī)器人，但沒有提到SDR是否和它們一樣，由此可否定選項(xiàng)B。在第3段討論機(jī)器人大小的`時(shí)候也沒有提到SDR體型最大，因此選項(xiàng)C不正確。選項(xiàng)D在文中沒有討論到。
5.[B]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。該句中“two…cameras to...”的結(jié)構(gòu)表明這兩個(gè)攝像頭可以用于定位，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。選項(xiàng)A在該句中也有提到，但它只是攝像機(jī)的工作機(jī)制，而不是用于定位的裝置。選項(xiàng)C在下一句提到，但與題干提到的定位功能無關(guān)。選項(xiàng)D在文中并未提及。
大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解題及解析 5
The stone age, The Iron Age. Entire epochs have been named for materials. So what to call the decades ahead? The choice will be tough. Welcome to the age of superstuff. Material science -- once the least sexy technology – is bursting with new, practical discoveries led by superconducting ceramicsthat may revolutionize electronics. But superconductors are just part of the picture: from house and cars to cook pots and artificial teeth, the world will someday be made of different stuff. Exotic plastics, glass and ceramics willshape the future just as surely as have genetic engineering and computer science.
The key to the new materials is researchers’ increasing ability to manipulate substances at the molecular level. Ceramics, for example, have long been limited by their brittleness. But by minimizing the microscopic imperfections that cause it, scientists are making far stronger ceramics that still retain such qualities as hardness and heat resistance. Ford Motor Co. now uses ceramic tools to cut steel. A firm called Kyocera has created a line of ceramic scissors and knives that stay sharp for years and never rust or corrode.
A similar transformation has overtaken plastics. High-strength polymers now form bridges, ice-skating rinks and helicopter rotors. And one new plastic that generates electricity when vibrated or pushed is used in electric guitars, touch sensors for robot hands and karate jacketsthat automatically record each punch and chop. Even plastic litter, which once threatened to permanently blot the landscape, has proved amenable to molecular tinkering. Several manufacturers now make biodegradable forms; some plastic six-pack rings for example, gradually decompose when exposed to sunlight. Researchers are developing ways to make plastics as recyclable as metal or glass. Besides, composites – plastic reinforced with fibers of graphite or other compounds – made the round-the-world flight of the voyager possible and have even been proved in combat: a helmet saved an infantryman’s life by deflecting two bullets in the Grenada invasion.
Some advanced materials are old standard with a new twist. The newest fiberoptic cable that carry telephone calls cross-country are made of glass so transparent that a piece of 100 miles thick is clearer than a standard window pane.
But new materials have no impact until they are made into products. And that transition could prove difficult, for switching requires lengthy research and investment. It can be said a firmer handle on how to move to commercialization will determine the success or failure of a country in the near future.
1. How many new materials are mentioned in this passage?
[A] Two
[B] Three
[C] Four
[D] Five
2. Why does the author mention genetic engineering and computer science?
[A] To compare them with the new materials.
[B] To show the significance of the new materials on the future world.
[C] To compare the new materials to them.
[D] To explain his view point.
3. Why is transition difficult?
[A] Because transition requires money and time.
[B] Because many manufacturers are unwilling to change their equipment.
[C] Because research on new materials is very difficult.
[D]Because it takes 10 years.
4. Where lies success of a country in the New Age of superstuff?
[A] It lies in research.
[B] It lies in investment.
[C] It lies in innovation.
[D] It lies in application.
Vocabulary
1. superstuff 超級材料
2. superconducting ceramic 超導(dǎo)陶瓷
3. exotic 神奇的
4. shape 塑造，成型
5. brittleness 脆性
6. polymer 聚合體
7. karate jacket 空手道外衣
8. touch sensor 觸及傳感器
9. each punch and chop 每一個(gè)擊、打
10. blot 玷污，損害風(fēng)景的東西
11. tinker 修補(bǔ)，調(diào)整
12. amendable 服從于，遵循的
13. biodegradable 能生物遞減分解的
14. six-pack rings 放六個(gè)罐子的環(huán)狀物
15. decompose 分解
16. recyclable 可循環(huán)(使用的)
17. infantryman 步兵
18. deflect 使偏斜，使轉(zhuǎn)向
19. a new twist 一個(gè)新的觀點(diǎn)，方法
難句譯注
1. Material science – once the least sexy technology – is bursting with new, practicaldiscoveries led by superconducting ceramics that may revolutionize electronics.
【參考譯文】材料科學(xué)，一度曾是最無吸引力(最不起眼)的技術(shù)，正以嶄新的 ，以超導(dǎo)陶瓷為首的種種實(shí)用性發(fā)明綻開新顏。這種超導(dǎo)陶瓷可能會使電子技術(shù)徹底改變。
2. Some advanced materials are old standard with a new twist. The newest fiberopticcables that carry telephone calls cross-country are made of glass so transparent that a piece of100 miles thick is clearer than a standard window pane.
【參考譯文】有些高級材料是帶有新方法的老標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。最新全國電話的光纖電纜由玻璃制成。這種玻璃透明度極高，一片100英里厚的玻璃比一塊標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的窗框玻璃還要清晰透明。
寫作方法與文章大意
這是一篇介紹“超導(dǎo)材料”的論說文,采用一般到具體的分類寫作手法。先指出未來時(shí)代的材料屬于超導(dǎo)，然后再提出三種超導(dǎo)材料，再逐一說明。
答案詳解
1. B 三種超導(dǎo)材料。答案再第一段最后一句“神奇的塑料、玻璃和陶瓷”。下面各段具體講這三種材料。第二段講陶瓷：“新材料之關(guān)鍵在于研究工作者不斷提高在分子水平上處理物質(zhì)的能力。舉陶瓷為例，由于它的脆性，長期來應(yīng)用范圍有限。但是通過改善導(dǎo)致脆性的微小缺陷，科學(xué)家制造出一種保持原有硬度和抗熱性，但堅(jiān)實(shí)得多的陶瓷”。第三段講塑料�！邦愃频腵轉(zhuǎn)折發(fā)生在塑料上，高強(qiáng)度的塑料建成了橋梁、溜冰場、直升機(jī)的葉輪。一種震動(dòng)或推動(dòng)就能發(fā)電的新型塑料用于電子吉他上，觸及傳感塑料用于機(jī)械手和空手道外衣上，它能自動(dòng)記錄每次擊打�！焙竺嬲劶八芰侠梢蕴幚�，或者制造可分解還原的塑料制品。塑料內(nèi)加入其他化合物加強(qiáng)性能。第四段講有些高級材料由新的改變，最新的光纖電纜由玻璃制成，透明度極高，100英里厚的一塊其清晰度比一塊普通窗玻璃還高。
2. B 說明這種新材料對未來世界的意義。答案在第一段：“神奇的塑料、玻璃和陶瓷一定會象生物工程和計(jì)算機(jī)一樣將改變世界。”A. 把它們和新材料相比較，這里不僅僅是比較，而是說明三者都具同樣的作用--改變世界。 C. 把新材料比作它們。也不僅僅是比喻比擬。 與A一樣沒有說到核心電。D. 說明他的觀點(diǎn)。太籠統(tǒng)。
3. A 轉(zhuǎn)折需要錢和時(shí)間。見最后一段“可是新材料只有制成產(chǎn)品才有影響，而這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折可能很困難，因?yàn)檗D(zhuǎn)折需要長期的研究和投資�？梢赃@么說，在不久的將來，更牢牢地掌握如何把材料轉(zhuǎn)變成商品將決定一個(gè)國家之成敗�！盉. 因?yàn)樵S多制造商不愿改變他們的設(shè)備。C. 因?yàn)樾虏牧系难芯糠浅＠щy。 D. 轉(zhuǎn)折要華上十年時(shí)間。這三項(xiàng)文內(nèi)沒有涉及。
4. D 在超級材料時(shí)代已過之成功在于應(yīng)用。A. 在于研究。B. 在于投資。C. 在于革新。這三項(xiàng)都是應(yīng)用的部分前提。其中A和B文內(nèi)提到，C項(xiàng)文內(nèi)未涉及。
大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解題及解析 6
Professor Smith recently persuaded 35 people, 23 of them women, to keep a diary of all their absent-mindedactions for a fortnight. When he came to analyse their embarrassing lapses(差錯(cuò))in a scientific report, hewas surprised to find that nearly all of them fell into a few groupings, Nordid the lapses appear to be entirely random(隨機(jī)的).
One of the women, for instance, on leaving her house for work one morning threw her dog her earrings and tried to fix a dog biscuit on her ear. "the explanation for this is that the brain is like a computer," explains the professor. "People programme themselves to do certain activities regularly. It was the woman’s custom every morning to throw her dog two biscuits and then put on her earrings. But somehow the action got reversed in the programme," About one in twenty of the incidents the volunteers reported were these "programme assembly failures,"
Altogether the volunteers logged 433 unintentional actions that they found themselves doing---an average of twelve each, There appear to be peak periods in the day when we are at our zaniest(荒謬可笑的).These aretwo hours some time between eight a.m. and noon, between four and six p.m. with a smaller peak between eight and ten p.m."Among men the peak seems to be when a changeover in brain’ programmes’ occurs, as for instance between going to and from work." Women on average reported slightly more lapses----- 12.5 compared with 10.9 for men m probably because they were more reliable reporters.
A startling finding of the research is that the absent-minded activity is a hazard of doing things in which we are skilled. Normally, you would expect that skill reduces the number of errors we make. But trying to avoid silly slips by concentrating more could make things a lot worse m even dangerous.
練習(xí)題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1. In his study Professor Smith asked the subjects ________
A. to keep track of people who tend too forget things
B. to report their embarrassing lapses at random
C. to analyse their awkward experiences scientifically
D. to keep a record of what they did unintentionally
2. Professor Smith discovered that ________
A. certain patterns can be identified in the recorded incidents
B. many people were too embarrassed to admit their absent-mindedness
C. men tend to be more absent-minded than women
D. absent-mindedness is an excusable human weakness
3. "Programme assembly failures" (Line 6, Para. 2) refers to the phenomenon that people ______
A. often fail to programme their routines beforehand
B. tend to make mistakes when they are in a hurry
C. unconsciously change the sequence of doing things
D. are likely to mess things up if they are too tired
4. We learn from the third paragraph that _______
A. absent-mindedness tends to occur during certain hours of the day
B. women are very careful to perform actions during peak periods
C. women experience more peak periods of absent-mindedness
D. men’s absent-mindedness often results in funny situations
5.It can be concluded from the passage that _____
A. people should avoid doing important things during peak periods of lapses
B. hazards can be avoided when people do things they are good at
C. people should be careful when programming their actions
D. lapses cannot always be attributed to lack of concentration
參考答案
1.[D] 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本文第1句中的to keep a diary of all their absent-minded actions就是指to keep a record of what they did unintentionally,題目中的subjects指實(shí)驗(yàn)對象，被測試者。
2.[A] 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第2句中nearly all of them fell into a few groupings可以找到本題答案，題目中的discover是該句中find的同義詞,A的patterns與原文中的.groupings意義相同。
3.[C] 語義題。根據(jù)第2段最后兩句提到,但是不知怎么的這種行為在程序中顛倒了。這些被測試者報(bào)告的事件中二十個(gè)中有一個(gè)屬于這種“流水線程序錯(cuò)誤”。C的unconsciously與somehow對應(yīng),change the sequence of doing things與the action got reversed對應(yīng)，故本題選C。
4.[A] 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第3段的第2、3句“一天之中似乎存在一些人們易犯荒謬可笑錯(cuò)誤的高峰時(shí)段”,之后到舉了幾個(gè)高峰時(shí)間，可知A與之相符。
5.[D] 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后兩句“一般來說，我們會以為技術(shù)嫻熟可以減少錯(cuò)誤。但是為了避免出現(xiàn)愚蠢的失誤而更加專注，只會把事情弄得更糟糕，甚至?xí)䦟?dǎo)致危險(xiǎn)�！笨芍狣“差錯(cuò)并不總是注意力不集中導(dǎo)致的” 正確。
大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解題及解析 7
Foxes and farmers have never got on well. These small dog-like animals have long been accused of killing farm animals. They are officially classified as harmful and farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them.
Farmers can also call on the services of their local hunt to control the fox population. Hunting consists of pursuing a fox across the countryside, with a group of specially trained dogs, followed by men and women riding horses. When the dogs eventually catch the fox they kill it or a hunter shoots it.
People who take part in hunting think of as a sport; they wear a special uniform of red coats and white trousers, and follow strict codes of behavior. But owning a horse and hunting regularly is expensive, so most hunters are wealthy.
It is estimated that up to 100,000 people watch or take part in fox hunting. But over the last couple of decades the number of people opposed to fox hunting, because they think it is brutal (殘酷的), has risen sharply. Nowadays it is rare for a hunt to pass off without some kind of confrontation (沖突) between hunters and hunt saboteurs (阻攔者). Sometimes these incidents lead to violence, but mostly saboteurs interfere with the hunt by misleading riders and disturbing the trail of the fox’s smell, which the dogs follow.
Noisy confrontations between hunters and saboteurs have become so common that they are almost as much a part of hunting as the pursuit of foxes itself. But this year supporters of fox hunting face a much bigger threat to their sport. A Labour Party Member of the Parliament, Mike Foster, is trying to get Parliament toapprove a new law which will make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal. If the law is passed, wild animals like foxes will be protected under the ban in Britain.
練習(xí)題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1. Rich people in Britain have been hunting foxes ________.
A. for recreation
B. in the interests of the farmers
C. to limit the fox population
D. to show off their wealth
2. What is special about fox hunting in Britain?
A. It involves the use of a deadly poison.
B. It is a costly event which rarely occurs.
C. The hunters have set rules to follow.
D. The hunters have to go through strict training.
3. Fox hunting opponents often interfere in the game ________.
A. by resorting to violence
B. by confusing the fox hunters
C. by taking legal action
D. by demonstrating on the scene
4. A new law may be passed by the British Parliament to ________.
A. prohibit farmers from hunting foxes
B. forbid hunting foxes with dogs
C. stop hunting wild animals in the countryside
D. prevent large-scale fox hunting
5. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A. killing foxes with poison is illegal
B. limiting the fox population is unnecessary
C. hunting foxes with dogs is considered cruel and violent
D. fox-hunting often leads to confrontation between the poor and the rich
參考答案
1.[A] 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第3段第1句的`前半部分People who take part in hunting think of it as a sport可知，參加捕殺的人們把獵殺狐貍當(dāng)成是一種運(yùn)動(dòng)，A與之相符。
2.[C] 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第3段首句末尾說，凡是參加的人都要遵循嚴(yán)格的行為準(zhǔn)則，C “獵手已建立起需要遵循的規(guī)則”與之相符，故選C。
3.[B] 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第4段末句提到，在大部分情況下，阻攔者利用為騎馬的人引錯(cuò)路和進(jìn)行氣味干擾來干涉捕獵，B與之相符，故選B。
4.[B] 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章倒數(shù)第2句提及，督促議會通過一項(xiàng)新法案,將帶狗獵殺野生動(dòng)物列為非法。而狐貍是野生動(dòng)物的一種，故選B。
5.[C] 推斷題。.根據(jù)第4段第2句后半部分可知，反對捕獵狐貍的人數(shù)在上升是因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為捕獵狐貍是殘酷的，故選C。
大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解題及解析 8
“The worlds environment is surprisingly healthy. Discuss.”If that were an examination topic, most students would tear it apart. offering a long list of complaints: from local smog (煙霧) to global climate change, from the felling(砍伐) of forests to the extinction of species. The list would largely be accurate,the concern legitimate. Yet the students who should be given the highest marks would actually be those who agreed with the statement. The surprise is how good things are, not how bad.
After all. the worlds population has more than tripled during this century, and world output has risen hugely. so you would expect the earth itself to have been affected. Indeed, if people lived, consumed and produced things in the same way as they did in 1900 (or 1950. or indeed 1980), the world by now would be a pretty disgusting place: smelly, dirty. toxic and dangerous.
But they dont. The reasons why they dont. and why the environment has not been ruined. have to do with prices. technological innovation, social change and government regulation in response to popular pressure. That is why todays environmental problems in the poor countries ought. in principle, to be solvable.
Raw materials have not run out. and show no sign of doing so. Logically. one day they must: the planet is a finite place. Yet it is also very big. and man is very ingenious. What has happened is chat every time a material seems to be running short, the price has risen and. in response. people have looked for new sources of supply, tried to find ways to use less of the material, or looked for a new substitute. For this reason prices for energy and for minerals have fallen in real terms during the century. The same is true for food. Prices fluctuate, in response to harvests. natural disasters and political instability; and when they rise, it takes some time before new sources of supply become available. But they always do. assisted by new farming and crop technology. The long-term trend has been downwards.
It is where prices and markets do not operate properly that this benign (良性的) trend begins to scumble, and the genuine problems arise. Markets cannot always keep the environment healthy. If no one owns the resource concerned. no one has an interest in conserving it or fostering it: fish is the best example of this.
1.According to the author, most students_________________.
A) believe the worlds environment is in an undesirable condition
B) agree that the environment of the world is not as bad as it is thought to be
C) get high marks for their good knowledge of the worlds environment
D) appear somewhat unconcerned about the state of the worlds environment
2.The huge increase in world production and population________________.
A) has made the world a worse place to live in
B) has had a positive influence on che environment
C) has not significantly affected the environment
D) has made the world a dangerous place to live in
3.One of the reasons why the long-term trend of prices bas been downwards is that__________.
A) technological innovation can promote social stability
B) political instability will cause consumption io drop
C) new farming and crop technology can lead to overproduction
D) new sources are always becoming available
4.Fish resources are diminishing because_________________.
A) no new substitutes can be found in large quantities
B) they are not owned by any particular entity
C) improper methods of fishing have ruined che fishing grounds
D) water pollution is extremely serious
5.The primary solution to environmental problems is_______________.
A) to allow market forces to operate properly
B) to curb consumption of natural resources
C) to limit the growth of the world population
D) to avoid fluctuations in prices
答案：
1.作者認(rèn)為，大部分學(xué)生__________________。
A)相信全球環(huán)境現(xiàn)在是糟糕的
B)同意全球環(huán)境沒有人們想象的那么糟糕
C)在關(guān)于全球環(huán)境知識上掌握得很好，取得了很高的分?jǐn)?shù)
D)對全球環(huán)境表現(xiàn)出不關(guān)心的態(tài)度
[A]根據(jù)文章第1段前兩句“如果以《全球環(huán)境狀況非常好》作為考試題，大多數(shù)學(xué)生會將試卷撕碎，并列出一大堆的抱怨，從煙霧到全球氣候變暖，從砍伐森林到物種滅絕”，由此可推斷，大多數(shù)學(xué)生認(rèn)為全球環(huán)境并不令人滿意。因此,A正確。
2.世界生產(chǎn)力和人口的激增，_________________。
A)使得這個(gè)世界的居住環(huán)境更加糟糕
B)已經(jīng)對環(huán)境造成了正面的影響
C)并沒有嚴(yán)重地影響環(huán)境
D)使得世界的居住環(huán)境更加危險(xiǎn)
[C]根據(jù)文章第2段全段和第3段首句“本世紀(jì)，全球人口增加了三倍多，全球產(chǎn)量也有巨大的增長，因此你可能會認(rèn)為地球會受到影響。的確.如果人們還像1900年或1950年甚至1980年那樣居住，消費(fèi)和生產(chǎn)，那么到現(xiàn)在，地球很可能是一個(gè)令人厭惡的地方但人們沒有這樣做”，注意此處的虛擬語氣，由此可推斷產(chǎn)量和人口的增加并沒有對全球環(huán)境造成太大的影響，故此，應(yīng)選C。
3.從長期來看，價(jià)格是下降的，其中的一個(gè)原因是_____________。
A)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新促進(jìn)了社會穩(wěn)定型
B)政治的不穩(wěn)定性會導(dǎo)致消費(fèi)下降
C)新的農(nóng)耕和作物技術(shù)會導(dǎo)致過度生產(chǎn)
D)總能獲得新的資源
[D]根據(jù)文章第4段第4、5句“每次當(dāng)一種資源似乎就要匱乏時(shí)，價(jià)格就會上升，相應(yīng)地，人們會尋找新的資源，想方設(shè)法找到節(jié)省資源的方法或者尋找新的替代品。正因?yàn)槿绱�，本世紀(jì)能源和礦產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格實(shí)質(zhì)上已經(jīng)下降了一，故應(yīng)選D。
4.魚類資源在減少，因?yàn)開__________________。
A)沒有大量的新替代品
B)魚類資源不屬于任何一個(gè)實(shí)體
C)不當(dāng)?shù)?捕魚方法損壞了漁區(qū)
D)水質(zhì)污染非常嚴(yán)重
[B]根據(jù)文章最后一段第2、3句“市場并不能總是保持環(huán)境的健康發(fā)展。如果相關(guān)的資源不屬于任何人，人們就沒有興趣保護(hù)它、培養(yǎng)它。魚類資源就是一個(gè)最 好的例子”，因此，可推斷B正是魚類減少的原因。
5.解決環(huán)境問題的主要辦法是_________________。
A)讓市場力量恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)作
B)減步自然資源的消耗
C)限制世界人口增長
D)避免價(jià)格波動(dòng)
[A]根據(jù)文章展后一段第1句“在價(jià)格和市場手段不能正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的地方，這種良性的趨勢就會動(dòng)搖，就會出現(xiàn)環(huán)境能源等問題”，故此，讓市場價(jià)格手段正常地發(fā)揮作用才是解決環(huán)境問題的方法，A與文章的意思相符，故而正確。
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