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英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)

　　1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的完成式

　　1)must have done——表示對(duì)過(guò)去的事情較有把握

　　的、肯定性的推測(cè)，常譯為“一定，準(zhǔn)是，肯定”，其否定形式是can’t/couldn’thave done，意為“決不可能，不太可能”。

　　e.g. Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last night.

　　2)should/ought to have done——表示過(guò)去應(yīng)該做的

　　卻沒(méi)有做，常含有后悔、責(zé)備、埋怨的口吻，意為“本應(yīng)該”，“應(yīng)該就好了”; e.g. With all the work finished, I should have gone to your birthday party last night.

　　3)shouldn’t/ought not to have done——表示過(guò)去不該

　　做的事卻給做了，也常含有責(zé)備、不滿之意，意為“本不該”。

　　e.g. You shouldn’t have gone back to work yesterday without the doctor’s permission.

　　4)may/might have done——表示對(duì)過(guò)去的事情的推

　　測(cè)，但不十分有把握，意為“可能，或許已經(jīng)”。 e.g. A traffic accident happened yesterday and a driver may have been hurt.

　　5)could have done——表示過(guò)去有可能或有能力做某

　　事，而實(shí)際未做、未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事;有時(shí)也表示輕度批評(píng)，意為“本來(lái)可以，完全可以”。 e.g. The gas leakage could have been avoided if the

　　gas company took immediate measures after the warning call.

　　6)needn’t have done——表示過(guò)去做了某事，但沒(méi)有做的必要，意為“其實(shí)沒(méi)有必要”。 e.g. I needn’t have bought all that wine——only three people came.

　　2、可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用的短語(yǔ)

　　would rather, would sooner, would (just) as soon, had rather, had better, had sooner, cannot but, may/might as well

　　[例1]You all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing.

　　A. needn’t have done B. must not have done

　　C. shouldn’t have done D. can’t have done

　　[例2]I to him because he phoned me shortly afterwards.

　　A. ought to have written B. must have written

　　C. couldn’t have written D. needn’t have written

　　[例3]You those letters. Why didn’t you

　　A. should post B. must have posted

　　C. should have posted D. ought to post

　　零冠詞

　　冠詞和數(shù)詞中零冠詞的用法。

　　1) 國(guó)名，人名前通常不用定冠詞：England，Mary;

　　2)泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示一類(lèi)人或事物時(shí)，可不用定冠詞;

　　They are teachers. 他們是教師。

　　3)抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí)，通常不加冠詞;

　　Failure is the mother of success.失敗乃成功之母。

　　4)物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時(shí)，通常不加冠詞，當(dāng)表示特定的意思時(shí)，需要加定冠詞;

　　Man cannot live without water.人離開(kāi)水就無(wú)法生存。

　　5)在季節(jié)、月份、節(jié)日、假日、日期、星期等表示時(shí)間的名詞之前，不加冠詞;

　　We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我們從星期一到星期五都上課。

　　6)在稱呼或表示官銜，職位的名詞前不加冠詞;

　　The guards took the American to General Lee.

　　士兵們把這個(gè)美國(guó)人送到李將軍那里。

　　7)在三餐、球類(lèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)和娛樂(lè)運(yùn)動(dòng)的名稱前，不加冠詞如：have breakfast，play chess

　　8)當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞并用時(shí)，常省去冠詞;

　　I can‘t write without pen or pencil.沒(méi)有鋼筆和鉛筆，我就寫(xiě)不了字。

　　9)當(dāng)by 與火車(chē)等交通工具連用，表示一種方式時(shí)，中間無(wú)冠詞;by bus，by train;

　　10)有些個(gè)體名詞不用冠詞;如：

　　school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，court 等個(gè)體名詞，直接置于介詞后，表示該名詞的深層含義;

　　go to hospital去醫(yī)院看病

　　go to the hospital 去醫(yī)院 (并不是去看病，而是有其他目的)

　　11)不用冠詞的序數(shù)詞;

　　a. 序數(shù)詞前有物主代詞

　　b. 序數(shù)詞作副詞 He came first in the race.

　　c. 在固定詞組中 at (the) first,first of all,from first to last

　　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

　　1)動(dòng)詞不定式——只能接不定式做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：

　　decide, hope, learn, manage(打算), offer, prepare, agree, refuse, fail(未), pretend, happen(碰巧), promise, plan(打算，計(jì)劃)

　　a) 測(cè)試作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不定式帶補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)

　　這種結(jié)構(gòu)的常用動(dòng)詞有：find、think、consider、make等，基本句型是： v. + it + adj + to do

　　[例]Do you consider wise to ignore him

　　A. it is

　　B. it to be

　　C. it as being

　　D. it

　　b) 不定式在svoc句型中的應(yīng)用

　　解題的關(guān)鍵是記住帶不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，如：ask、tell、allow、enable、expect、get、require、request、cause、urge、want、force、order等。

　　[例]They don’t allow in the library, but they allow people in the restroom.

　　A. to smoketo smoke B. smokingsmoking C. to smokesmoking D. smokingto smoke

　　c) 不定式作定語(yǔ)的用法

　　(1)與其他非謂語(yǔ)形式或謂語(yǔ)形式的區(qū)別

　　[例]The question tomorrow is whether income tax should be increased.

　　A. to be debated

　　B. debates

　　C. debating

　　D. debated

　　(2)介詞的使用

　　[例]The boy’s father bought him a large toy train .

　　A. which to play with B. to play with it C. to play with　D. at which to play

　　d) 不定式的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)

　　不定式完成時(shí)表示不定式動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，不定式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是其動(dòng)作的承受者，be soory、be glad、seem或say、find、hear、report等動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后加不定式完成時(shí)態(tài)較為常見(jiàn)。

　　[例1]The new power station is reported within three years.

　　A. to have completed

　　B. to have been　completed

　　C. having been completed

　　D. to complete

　　[例2]Mr. Johnson preferred heavier work to do.

　　A. to be given

　　B. to be giving C. to have given

　　D. having given

　　e) 不定式作狀語(yǔ)

　　[例1]The police inspector spoke to the little girl kindlt her.

　　A. not to frighten

　　B. in order to not frighten

　　C. so as not to frighten

　　D. so not as to frighten

　　[例2]He moved away from his parents, and missed　them_____ enjoy the exciting life in New York. A. too much to

　　B. enough to C. very much to

　　D. much so as to

　　2)動(dòng)名詞

　　a) 只能接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：

　　miss, mind, enjoy, suggest, practise, persist, quit, admit, appreciate, deny, escape, complete, fulfil, acknowledge, favour, delay, postpone, finish, avoid, prevent, recall, recollect, risk, consider

　　b) 只能接動(dòng)名詞的一些常用句型\結(jié)構(gòu)： It’s no good/use/fun (in) doing sth

　　There is no need/point/use/sense (in) doing sth. be busy/be worth doing sth.

　　have difficulty/trouble/problem (in) doing sth

　　spend/waste time (in) doing sth can’t help doing sth

　　confess to, object to, be opposed to, look forward to, contribute to, be used to, be devoted to, be dedicated to, lead to, refer to, equal to, stick to, belong to, thanks to, be accustomed to doing sth

　　c) 既可接動(dòng)名詞又可接動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)的有：

　�、� 接動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)而意義差別不大的動(dòng)詞：love, like, dislike, hate, begin, start, continue, intend, prefer, propose, etc.

　�、� 可跟動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)但意義有差別的動(dòng)詞：歧義動(dòng)詞中已講。

　　③ need, want, require, deserve + 動(dòng)名詞/+不定式被動(dòng)態(tài)，表被動(dòng)意義。

　　The pencil needs sharpening.(to be sharpened)

　　[例1]Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy for her examination.

　　A. to prepare

　　B. preparing

　　C. to be prepared

　　D. being prepared

　　[例2]I appreciate to your home.

　　A. to be invited