大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題及答案
貴有恒何必三更眠五更起，最無(wú)益只怕一日曝十日寒。以下是小編為大家搜索整理的大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題及答案，希望能給大家?guī)?lái)幫助!
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on invention. Your essay should include the importance of invention and measures to be taken to encourage invention. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
Part H Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. A. It tries to predict the possible trends of global climate change.
B. It studies the impacts of global climate change on peoples lives.
C. It links the science of climate change to economic and policy issues.
D. It focuses on the efforts countries can make to deal with global warming.
2. A. It will take a long time before a consensus is reached on its impact.
B. It would be more costly to deal with its consequences than to avoid it.
C. It is the most pressing issue confronting all countries.
D. It is bound to cause endless disputes among nations.
3. A. The transition to low-carbon energy systems.
B. The cooperation among world major powers.
C. The signing of a global agreement.
D. The raising of peoples awareness.
4. A. Carry out more research on it.
B. Cut down energy consumption.
C. Plan well in advance.
D. Adopt new technology.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5. A. When luck plays a role.
B. what determines success.
C. Whether practice makes perfect.
D. How important natural talent is.
6. A. It knocks at your door only once in a while.
B. It is something that no one can possibly create.
C. It comes naturally out of ones self-confidence.
D. It means being good at seizing opportunities.
7. A. Luck rarely contributes to a persons success.
B. One must have natural talent to be successful.
C. One should always be ready to seize opportunities.
D. Practice is essential to becoming good at something.
8. A. Putting time and effort into fun things is profitable.
B. People who love what they do care little about money.
C. Being passionate about work can make one wealthy.
D. People in need of money work hard automatically.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.
9. A. The stump of a giant tree.
B. A huge piece of rock.
C. The peak of a mountain.
D. A tall chimney.
10. A. Human activity.
B. Wind and water.
C. Chemical processes.
D. Fire and fury.
11. A. It is a historical monument.
B. It was built in ancient times.
C. It is Indians sacred place for worship.
D. It was created by supernatural powers.
12. A. By sheltering them in a cave.
B. By killing the attacking bears.
C. By lifting them well above the ground.
D. By taking them to the top of a mountain.
Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
13. A. They will buy something from the convenience stores.
B. They will take advantage of the time to rest a while.
C. They will have their vehicles washed or serviced.
D. They will pick up some souvenirs or gift items.
14. A. They can bring only temporary pleasures.
B. They are meant for the extremely wealthy.
C. They should be done away with altogether.
D. They may eventually drive one to bankruptcy.
15. A. A good way to socialize is to have daily lunch with ones colleagues.
B. Retirement savings should come first in ones family budgeting.
C. A vacation will be affordable if one saves 20 dollars a week.
D. Small daily savings can make a big difference in ones life.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16. A. They should be done away with.
B. They are necessary in our lives.
C. They enrich our experience.
D. They are harmful to health.
17. A. They feel stressed out even without any challenges in life.
B. They feel too overwhelmed to deal with lifes problems.
C. They are anxious to free themselves from lifes troubles.
D. They are exhausted even without doing any heavy work. ~
18. A. They expand our mind.
B. They prolong our lives.
C. They narrow our focus.
D.They lessen our burdens
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.
19. A. It is not easily breakable.
B. It came from a 3D printer.
C. It represents the latest style.
D. It was made by a fashion designer.
20. A. When she had just graduated from her college.
B. When she attended a conference in New York.
C. When she was studying at a fashion design school.
D. When she attended a fashion show nine months ago.
21. A. It was difficult to print.
B. It was hard to come by.
C. It was hard and breakable.
D. It was extremely expensive.
22. A. It is the latest model of a 3D printer.
B. It is a plastic widely used in 3D printing.
C. It gives fashion designers room for imagination.
D. It marks a breakthrough in printing material.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
23. A. They arise from the advances in technology.
B. They have not been examined in detail so far.
C. They are easy to solve with modern technology.
D. They cant be solved without government support.
24. A. It is attractive to entrepreneurs.
B. It demands huge investment.
C. It focuses on new products.
D. It is intensely competitive.
25. A. Cooperation with big companies.
B. Recruiting more qualified staff.
C. In-service training of IT personnel.
D. Sharing of costs with each other.
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
It is important that scientists be seen as normal people asking and answering important questions. Good, sound science depends on 26 , experiments and reasoned methodologies. It requires a willingness to ask new questions and try new approaches. It requires one to take risks and experience failures. But good science also requires 27 understanding,clear explanation and concise presentation.
Our country needs more scientists who are willing to step out in the public 28 and offer their opinions on important matters. We need more scientists who can explain what they are doing in language that is 29 and understandable to the public. Those of us who are not scientists should also be prepared to support public engagement by scientists, and to 30 scientific knowledge into our public communications.
Too many people in this country, including some among our elected leadership, still do not understand how science works or why robust, long-range investments in research vitally matter. In the 1960s, the United States 31 nearly 17% of discretionary (可酌情支配的) spending to research and development,32 decades of economic growth. By 2008, the figure had fallen into the single 33 This occurs at a time when other nations have made significant gains in their own research capabilities.
At the University of California (UC), we 34 ourselves not only on the quality of our research, but also on its contribution to improving our world. To 35 the development of science from the lab bench to the market place, UC is investing our own money in our own good ideas.
A. arena
B. contextual
C. convincing
D. devoted
E. digits
F. hasten
G. hypotheses
H. impairing
I. incorporate
J. indefinite
K. indulge
L. inertia
M. pride
N. reaping
O. warrant
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Are We in an Innovation Lull?
[A] Scan the highlights of this years Consumer Electronics Show ( CES ), and you may get a slight feeling of having seen them before. Many of the coolest gadgets this year are the same as the coolest gadgets last year--or the year before, even. The booths are still exciting, and the demos are still just as crazy. It is still easy to be dazzled by the display of drones (無(wú)人機(jī)),3D printers,virtual reality goggles ( 眼鏡) and more "smart" devices than you could ever hope to catalog.Upon reflection, however, it is equally easy to feel like you have seen it all before. And it is hard not to think: Are we in an innovation lull ( 間歇期) ?
[B] In some ways, the answer is yes. For years, smartphones, televisions, tablets, laptops and desktops have made up a huge part of the market and driven innovation. But now these segments are looking at slower growth curves--or shrinking markets in some cases--as consumers are not as eager to spend money on new gadgets. Meanwhile, emerging technologies--the drones,3D printers and smart-home devices of the world--now seem a bit too old to be called "the next big thing. "
[C] Basically the tech industry seems to be in an awkward period now. "There is not any one-hit wonder, and there will not be one for years to come," said Gary Shapiro, president and chief executive of the Consumer Technology Association (CTA). In his eyes, however, that doesnt necessarily mean that innovation has stopped. It has just grown up a little. "Many industries are going out of infancy and becoming adolescents," Shapiro said.
[D] For instance, new technologies that are building upon existing technology have not found their footing well enough to appeal to a mass audience, because, in many cases, they need to work effectively with other devices to realize their full appeal. Take the evolution of the smart home,for example. Companies are pushing it hard but make it almost overwhelming even to dip a toe in the water for the average consumer, because there are so many compatibility issues to think about. No average person wants to figure out whether their favorite calendar software works with their fridge or whether their washing machine and tablet get along. Having to install a different app for each smart appliance in your home is annoying; it would be nicer if you could manage everything together. And while you may forgive your smartphone an occasional fault, you probably have less patience for error messages from your door lock.
[E] Companies are promoting their own standards, and the market has not had time to choose a winner yet as this is still very new. Companies that have long focused on hardware now have to think of ecosystems instead to give consumers practical solutions to their everyday problems."The dialogue is changing from what is technologically possible to what is technologically meaningful," said economist Shawn DuBravac. DuBravac works for CTA--which puts on the show each year--and said that this shift to a search for solutions has been noticeable as he researched his predictions for 2016.
[F] "So much of what CES has been about is the cool. It is about the flashiness and the gadgets," said John Curran, managing director of research at Accenture. "But over the last couple of years,and in this one in particular, we are starting to see companies shift from what is the largest screen size, the smallest form factor or the shiniest object and more into what all of these devices do that is practical in a consumers life. " Even the technology press conferences, which have been high- profile in the past and reached a level of drama and theatrics fitting for a Las Vegas stage, have a different bent to them. Rather than just dazzling with a high cool factor, there is a focus on the practical. Fitbit, for example, released its first smartwatch Monday, selling with a clear purpose--to improve your fitness--and promoting it as a "tool, not a toy. " Not only that, it supports a number of platforms: Apples iOS, Googles Android and Microsofts Windows phone.
[G] That seems to be what consumers are demanding, after all. Consumers are becoming increasingly bored with what companies have to offer: A survey of 28,000 consumers in 28 countries released by Accenture found consumers are not as excited about technology as they once were. For example, when asked whether they would buy a new smartphone this year, only 48 percent said yes--a six-point drop from 2015.
[H] And when it comes to the hyper-connected super-smart world that technology firms are painting for us, it seems that consumers are growing more uneasy about handing over the massive amounts of consumer data needed to provide the personalized, customized solutions that companies need to improve their services. That could be another explanation for why companies seem to be strengthening their talk of the practicality of their devices.
[I] Companies have already won part of the battle, having driven tech into every part of our lives, tracking our steps and our very heartbeats. Yet the persistent question of " Why do I need that?"--or, perhaps more tellingly, "Why do you need to know that?"--dogs the steps of many new ventures. Only 13 percent of respondents said that they were interested in buying a smartwatch in 2016, for example--an increase of just one percent from the previous year despite a year of high-profile launches. That is bad news for any firm that may hope that smartwatches can make up ground for maturing smartphone and tablet markets. And the survey found flat demand for fitness monitors, smart thermostats (恒溫器) and connected home cameras, as well.
[J] According to the survey, that lack of enthusiasm could stem from concerns about privacy and security. Even among people who have bought connected devices of some kind,37 percent said that they are going to be more cautions about using these devices and services in the future. A full 18 percent have even returned devices until they feel they can get safer guarantees against having their sensitive information hacked.
[K] That, too, explains the heavy Washington presence at this years show, as these new technologies intrude upon heavily regulated areas. In addition to many senior officials from the Federal Trade and Federal Communications commissions, this years list of policy makers also includes appearances from Transportation Secretary Anthony Foxx, to talk about smart cities, and Federal Aviation Administration Administrator Michael Huerta, to talk about drones.
[L] Curran, the Accenture analyst, said that increased government interest in the show makes sense as technology becomes a larger part of our lives. "There is an incompatibility in the rate at which these are advancing relative to the way were digesting it," he said. "Technology is becoming bigger and more aspirational, and penetrating almost every aspect of our lives. We have to understand and think about the implications, and balance these great innovations with the potential downsides they naturally carry with them. "
36. Consumers are often hesitant to try smart-home devices because they are worried about compatibility problems.
37. This years electronics show featured the presence of many officials from the federal government.
38. The market demand for electronic devices is now either declining or not growing as fast as before.
39. One analyst suggests it is necessary to accept both tlie positive and negative aspects of innovative products.
40. The Consumer Electronics Show in recent years has begun to focus more on the practical value than the showiness of electronic devices.
41. Fewer innovative products were found at this years electronic products show.
42. Consumers are becoming more worried about giving personal information to tech companies to get customized products and services.
43. The Consumer Technology Association is the sponsor of the annual Consumer Electronics Show.
44. Many consumers wonder about the necessity of having their fitness monitored.
45. The electronic industry is maturing even though no wonder products hit the market.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
The Paris climate agreement finalised in December last year heralded a new era for climate action.For the first time, the worlds nations agreed to keep global warming well below 2℃.
This is vital for climate-vulnerable nations. Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the worlds greenhouse gas emissions. In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports, we reveal just how deep this injustice runs.
Developed nations such as Australia, the United States, Canada, and European countries are essentially climate "free-riders": causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions, while incurring few of the costs such as climate changes impact on food and water. In other words, a few countries are benefiting enormously from the consumption of fossil fuels, while at the same time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change.
On the flip side, there are many "forced riders", who are suffering from the climate change impacts despite having scarcely contributed to the problem. Many of the worlds most climatevulnerable countries, the majority of which are African or small island states, produce a very small quantity of emissions. This is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second-hand smoke, while the heavy smoker is fortunate enough to smoke in good health.
The Paris agreement has been widely hailed as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all, although the details on addressing "climate justice" can be best described as sketchy.
The goal of keeping global temperature rise "well below" 2~C is commendable but the emissions-reduction pledges submitted by countries leading up to the Paris talks are very unlikely to deliver on this.
More than $100 billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developing nations to reduce emissions. However, the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions, effectively ignoring historical emissions. There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or, importantly, who is responsible for their provision. Securing these funds, and establishing who is responsible for raising them will also be vital for the future of climate-vulnerable countries.
The most climate-vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating the global disease from which they now suffer the most. There must urgently be a meaningful mobilisation of the policies outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emissions reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.
And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high-emitting nations to decide whether they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants or pioneers.
46. The author is critical of the Paris climate agreement because
A. it is unfair to those climate-vulnerable nations
B. it aims to keep temperature rise below 2℃ only
C. it is beneficial to only fewer than 4% of countries
D. it burdens developed countries with the sole responsibility
47. Why does the author call some developed countries climate "free-riders"?
A. They neednt worry about the food and water they consume.
B. They are better able to cope with the global climate change.
C. They hardly pay anything for the problems they have caused.
D. They are free from the greenhouse effects affecting "forced riders".
48. Why does the author compare the "forced riders" to second-hand smokers?
A. They have little responsibility for public health problems.
B. They are vulnerable to unhealthy environmental conditions.
C. They have to bear consequences they are not responsible for.
D. They are unaware of the potential risks they are confronting.
49. What does the author say about the $100 billion funding?
A. It will motivate all nations to reduce carbon emissions.
B. There is no final agreement on where it will come from.
C. There is no clarification of how the money will be spent.
D. It will effectively reduce greenhouse emissions worldwide.
50. what urgent action must be taken to realise the Paris climate agreement?
A. Encouraging high-emitting nations to take the initiative.
B. Calling on all the nations concerned to make joint efforts.
C. Pushing the current world leaders to come to a consensus.
D. Putting in effect the policies in the agreement at once.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Teenagers at risk of depression, anxiety and suicide often wear their troubles like a neon (霓虹燈)sign. Their risky behaviors--drinking too much alcohol, using illegal drugs, smoking cigarettes and skipping school--can alert parents and teachers that serious problems are brewing.
But a new study finds that theres another group of adolescents who are in nearly as much danger of experiencing the same psychiatric symptoms: teens who use tons of media, dont get enough sleep and have a sedentary (不愛(ài)活動(dòng)的) lifestyle.
Of course, that may sound like a description of every teenager on the planet. But the study warns that it is teenagers who engage in all three of these practices in the extreme who are truly in jeopardy.Because their behaviors are not usually seen as a red flag, these young people have been dubbed the "invisible risk" group by the studys authors.
"In some ways theyre at greater risk of falling through the cracks," says researcher Vladimir Carli. "While most parents, teachers and clinicians would react to an adolescent using drugs or getting drunk, they may easily overlook teenagers who are engaging in inconspicuous behaviors."
The studys authors surveyed 12,395 students and analyzed nine risk behaviors, including excessive alcohol use, illegal drug use, heavy smoking, high media use and truancy (逃學(xué)). Their aim was to determine the relationship between these risk behaviors and mental health issues in teenagers.
About 58% of the students demonstrated none or few of the risk behaviors. Some 13% scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors. And 29%, the "invisible risk" group, scored high on three in particular: They spent five hours a day or more on electronic devices. They slept six hours a night or less. And they neglected "other healthy activities."
The group that scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors was most likely to show symptoms of depression; in all, nearly 15% of this group reported being depressed, compared with just 4% of the low-risk group. But the invisible group wasnt far behind the high-risk set, with more than 13% of them exhibiting depression.
The findings caught Carli off guard. "We were very surprised," he says. "The high-risk group and low-risk group are obvious. But this third group was not only unexpected, it was so distinct and so large--nearly one third of our sample--that it became a key finding of the study. "
Carli says that one of the most significant things about his study is that it provides new early-warning signs for parents, teachers and mental health-care providers. And early identification, support and treatment for mental health issues, he says, are the best ways to keep them from turning into full-blown disorders.
51. What does the author mean by saying "Teenagers at risk of depression, anxiety and suicide often wear their troubles like a neon sign" (Lines 1 - 2, Para.1 ) ?
A. Mental problems can now be found in large numbers of teenagers.
B. Teenagers mental problems are getting more and more attention.
C. Teenagers mental problems are often too conspicuous not to be observed.
D. Depression and anxiety are the most common symptoms of mental problems.
52. What is the finding of the new study?
A. Teenagers lifestyles have changed greatly in recent years.
B. Many teenagers resort to drugs or alcohol for mental relief.
C. Teenagers experiencing psychological problems tend to use a lot of media.
D. Many hitherto unobserved youngsters may have psychological problems.
53. Why do the researchers refer to teens who use tons of media, dont get enough sleep and have a sedentary lifestyle as the "invisible risk" group?
A. Their behaviors can be an invisible threat to society.
B. Their behaviors do not constitute a warning signal.
C. Their behaviors do not tend towards mental problems.
D. Their behaviors can be found in almost all teenagers on earth.
54. What does the new study find about the invisible group?
A. They are almost as liable to depression as the high-risk group.
B. They suffer from depression without showing any symptoms.
C. They do not often demonstrate risky behaviors as their peers.
D. They do not attract the media attention the high-risk group does.
55. What is the significance of Vladimir Carlis study?
A. It offers a new treatment for psychological problems among teenagers.
B. It provides new early-warning signals for identifying teens in trouble.
C. It may have found an ideal way to handle teenagers with behavioral problems.
D. It sheds new light on how unhealthy behaviors trigger mental health problems.
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
隨著生活水平的提高，度假在中國(guó)人生活中的作用越來(lái)越重要。過(guò)去，中國(guó)人的時(shí)間主要花在謀生上，很少有機(jī)會(huì)外出旅行。然而，近年來(lái)中國(guó)旅游業(yè)發(fā)展迅速。經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮和富裕中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的出現(xiàn)，引發(fā)了一個(gè)前所未有的旅游熱潮。中國(guó)人不僅在國(guó)內(nèi)旅游，出國(guó)旅游也越來(lái)越普遍。2016年國(guó)慶節(jié)假日期間，旅游消費(fèi)總計(jì)超過(guò)4000億元。據(jù)世界貿(mào)易組織估計(jì)，2020年中國(guó)將成為世界上最大的旅游國(guó)，在未來(lái)幾年里將成為出境旅游支出增長(zhǎng)最快的國(guó)家。
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題及答案 篇1
(第1套)
Part I Writing
高分范文
My View on Invention
① Drawing a comparison between modern life and ancient life, we cannot imagine what life will be like now without invention. ②Invention must be attached great importance to, as it is invention that contributes to theadvancement of our society. ③There are several examples which can be cited to illustrate this concept. ④I can think of no better illustration than the following one. ⑤If Edisonhadnt invented the light bulb, we would have lived a life asthe blind in the night.
�、轌iven that invention plays such an essential role in our life, what can we do to cultivate this precious spirit? ⑦ For one thing, it is advisable for the social media and publicity department to vigorously inform the public of the importance of invention. ⑧ For another, the relevant authorities should set up favorable regulations to encourage invention. ⑨ For example, they can set up the practice of giving premiums or issuing patent certificate to inventors.
�、釬inally, I want to use the following saying as our mutual encouragement, "Invention is the spirit of human beings progress. " At no time should we underestimate the power of invention. Therefore, when an idea comes to your mind, just make your own invention.
作文答案全文翻譯
Part II Listening Comprehension
Conversation One
聽(tīng)力全文翻譯
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. C.。
2. B.。
3. A.。
4. C.。
Conversation Two
W: I have many business English students. When I teach in the classroom, (5) we often end up talking about things like success and what leads to success, and its interesting that many of them mention the element of luck.
M: Right.
W: Luck is important to success, but since youve seen that fantastic video on the TED Talks website by Richard St. John...he doesnt mention luck at all.
M: Well, Im a firm believer that people can make their own luck. I mean, what people regard as luck you can actually create to a degree.
W: Sure. (6-1) I think a lot of what people consider luck is attributed to how you respond to the opportunities that come your way.
M: Yes. Very good point.
W: (6-2) Seizing the opportunities. But was there any point in the video that you thought was particularly interesting?
M: Yes, actually there was. Something very impressive to me is many people think that luck is important and that natural talent is something you must have in order to be successful (7) And in the video we saw, the point about getting good at something is not about having some natural talent. Its all about practice,practice, practice.
W: Definitely yeah. Natural talent helps in some way. But at the end of the day, you really do need to work hard and get really, really good at what you do.
M: Sure.
W: I thought one interesting thing in the video was the idea of passion being so important. And therere people who really love what they do--of course, youre going to want to work harder and put the time and effort into it. (8) And the funny thing is that if you love what you do and are really passionate about it and work really hard, then money kind of comes automatically.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5. B。
6. D。
7.D。
8.C。
Passage One
聽(tīng)力全文翻譯
Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.。
9. A。
10.What caused the volcano’s outer layers to wear away?
B。短文在描繪魔鬼塔的形成過(guò)程時(shí)提到，地心熔巖沖出地面形成了火山頸，火山巖冷卻硬化后，收縮碎裂變成了長(zhǎng)形的柱子，即魔鬼塔。后來(lái)，火山的外層不斷被風(fēng)和水侵蝕，露出了堅(jiān)硬的核心部分。由此可知，火山外層是被風(fēng)和水侵蝕掉的，故答案為B。
11.What does all Indian legend say about Devils Tower?
D。短文中提到，關(guān)于魔鬼塔的形成，印第安人流傳著一個(gè)傳說(shuō)，傳說(shuō)魔鬼塔是由超自然的力量形成的。因此答案為D。
12.C。
Passage Two
聽(tīng)力全文翻譯
Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
13. A。
14. A。
15. What does the speaker want to show by the example of the Chicago woman?
D。短文末尾提到，一位芝加哥婦女發(fā)現(xiàn)每天與同事外出吃午飯，一年就花費(fèi)2，000美元，她決定自己帶飯，每周省下20美元存起來(lái)用于度假，另外20美元用于退休養(yǎng)老，她說(shuō)這樣比吃飯更有意義。這個(gè)例子說(shuō)明，小筆的日常積蓄可以改變一個(gè)人的生活，即，小筆的日常積蓄對(duì)于一個(gè)人的生活意義重大，故答案為D。
Recording One
聽(tīng)力全文翻譯
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16. B。
17. B。
18. A。
Recording Two
In the past few months, Ive been traveling for weeks at a time with only one suitcase of clothes. One day, I was invited to an important event, and I wanted to wear something special for it. I looked through my suitcase but couldnt find anything to wear. (19) I was lucky to be at the technology conference then, and I had access to 3D printers. So I quickly designed a skirt on my computer, and I loaded the file on the printer.It just printed the pieces overnight. The next morning, I just took all the pieces, assembled them together in my hotel room, and this is actually the skirt that Im wearing right now.
So it wasnt the first time that I printed clothes. (20) For my senior collection at fashion design school, I decided to try and 3D print an entire fashion collection from my home. The problem was that I barely knew anything about 3D printing, and I had only nine months to figure out how to print five fashionable looks.
I always felt most creative when I worked from home. I loved experimenting with new materials, and I always tried to develop new techniques to make the most unique textiles for my fashion projects.
One summer break, I came here to New York for an internship at a fashion house in Chinatown. We worked on two incredible dresses that were 3D printed. They were amazing--like you can see here. But I had a few problems with them. (21) They were made from hard plastics and thats why they were very breakable.The models couldnt sit in them, and they even got scratched from the plastics under their arms.
So now, the main challenge was to find the right material for printing clothes with, I mean the material you feed the printer with. (22) The breakthrough came when I was introduced to Filaflex, which is a new kind of printing material. Its strong, yet very flexible. And with it, I was able to print the first garment, a red jacket that had the word "freedom" embedded into it. And actually, you can easily download this jacket, and change the word to something else, for example, your name or your sweethearts name.
So I think in the future, materials will evolve, and they will look and feel like fabrics we know today, like cotton or silk.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.
19. B。
20. C。 。
21.C。
22. D。
Recording Three
聽(tīng)力全文翻譯
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
預(yù)覽三道題各選項(xiàng)，由arise，examined，solve，entrepreneurs，companies等詞可以推測(cè)，講座與企業(yè)發(fā)展有關(guān)，內(nèi)容可能涉及企業(yè)發(fā)展所面臨的問(wèn)題及解決方法等。
23. A。
24.D。
25.What is a practical solution to the problems of small-and medium-sized businesses?
D。講座末尾提到，如果中小企業(yè)有相似的需求，而彼此之間沒(méi)有直接的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)關(guān)系，那么分擔(dān)升級(jí)成本是解決資金困難的一個(gè)非常實(shí)用的方法。因此答案為D。
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
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名詞：A.arena舞臺(tái)，競(jìng)技場(chǎng);E.digits數(shù)字;G.hypotheses假設(shè);L.inertia慣性，惰性;O.warrant授權(quán)，授權(quán)令
動(dòng)詞：D.devoted獻(xiàn)身于，把……專用于;F.hasten加速;H.impairing損害;I.incorporate合并，使并入;K.indulge放縱，使沉溺于;M.pride以……為豪;N.reaping收獲
形容詞：B.contextual上下文的，情境的，前后關(guān)聯(lián)的;C.convincing有說(shuō)服力的，使人信服的;J.indefinite不確定的
26.G.hypotheses。
27.B.contextual。
28.A.arena。空格位于形容詞之后，據(jù)此判斷可填入名詞，并與public連用構(gòu)成固定搭配。故推測(cè)句意為“我們的國(guó)家需要更多科學(xué)家登上公共舞臺(tái)”。因此填入A.arena“舞臺(tái)，競(jìng)技場(chǎng)”。在備選項(xiàng)中，digitS意為“數(shù)字”，inertia意為“慣性，惰性”，warrant意為“授權(quán)，授權(quán)令”，均不符合文意，且不能與public搭配，故排除。
29.C.convincing�？崭裎挥谝詔hat引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，此定語(yǔ)從句使用了主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，據(jù)此判斷應(yīng)填入形容詞，且此形容詞可以用來(lái)修飾language“語(yǔ)言”。根據(jù)句意“他們能夠用令人信服并且讓人們聽(tīng)得懂的語(yǔ)言，對(duì)公眾解釋自己的所作所為”可知，答案為C.convincing“有說(shuō)服力的，使人信服的”。在備選項(xiàng)中，indefinite意為“不確定的”，與文意相反，故排除。
30.I.incorporate。
31.D.devoted。
32.N.reaping�？崭裎挥诰渥拥闹黧w結(jié)構(gòu)之外，描述主句動(dòng)詞所引發(fā)的結(jié)果，屬于結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)成分，據(jù)此判斷可填人現(xiàn)在分詞。根據(jù)句意“美國(guó)將大約17%的可支配收入專門(mén)用于科學(xué)研究， ________ 了數(shù)十年的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)”可知，答案為N.reaping“收獲”。在備選項(xiàng)中，impairing意為“損害”，不符合文意，故排除。
33.E.digits。
34.M.pride�？崭裎挥诰渥拥闹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞處，且此動(dòng)詞應(yīng)能夠與on構(gòu)成固定搭配，備選項(xiàng)中只有M.pride“以……為豪”，符合語(yǔ)法要求。所在旬意為“我們不僅為我們的科研質(zhì)量自豪，也為我們的科研為改進(jìn)世界所做出的貢獻(xiàn)自豪”。在備選項(xiàng)中，hasten意為“加速”，indulge意為“放縱，使沉溺于”，均與文意不符，故排除。
35.F.hasten。
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36. [D]。
37. [K]。
38. The market demand for electronic devices is now either declining or not growing as fast as before.
市場(chǎng)對(duì)于電子設(shè)備的需求現(xiàn)在不是在下降就是沒(méi)有之前增長(zhǎng)的那么快了。
由題干關(guān)鍵詞market定位到原文畫(huà)線處。
[B]段第二、三句提到，近年來(lái)，智能手機(jī)、電視、平板電腦、筆}己本、臺(tái)式機(jī)占據(jù)了市場(chǎng)的大部分份額并引領(lǐng)著創(chuàng)新。但是現(xiàn)在這些產(chǎn)品的增長(zhǎng)曲線已經(jīng)減緩——或者在某些情況下市場(chǎng)份額已經(jīng)縮水——因?yàn)橄M(fèi)者沒(méi)有那么想要花錢(qián)買一些新的玩意兒了。題干中的electronic devices指原文中酶smartphones，televisions，tablets，laptops and desktops;declining和not growing對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的slower growth curves和shrinking markets，故答案為[B]。
39. [L] 。
40. [F] 。
41. Fewer innovative products were found at this years electronic products show.
今年的電子產(chǎn)品展上創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品變少了。
由題干關(guān)鍵詞this years electronic products show定位到原文畫(huà)線處。
[A]段提到，很多今年最炫酷的小玩意兒和去年的`甚至前年的都一樣，題干中的innovative products對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的 coolest gadgets，故答案為[A]。
42. Consumers are becoming more worried about giving personal information to tech companies to get customized products and services.
消費(fèi)者越來(lái)越擔(dān)心為獲得個(gè)性化產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)而將個(gè)人信息交給科技公司的這種做法了。
由題干關(guān)鍵詞Consumers，custonfized和services定位到原文畫(huà)線處。
[H]段提到，對(duì)于科技公司為我們描繪的超連接超智能世界，它們需要大量的消費(fèi)者數(shù)據(jù)以提高服務(wù)水平，為消費(fèi)者提供個(gè)性化的解決方法，但消費(fèi)者似乎對(duì)這種方式感到越來(lái)越不安。題于中的becoming more worried about對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的growing more uneasy about;personal information對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的consumer data，故答案為[H]。
43. [E]。
44. [I]。
45. [C]。
Passage One
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46.A.。
47.C.。由題干中的“free—riders”定位到文章第三段第一句：Developed nations such as Australia，the United States...causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions，while incurring few of the costs such as climate change’s impact on food and water.
事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位句指出，少數(shù)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家在碳排放方面責(zé)任最大，但是因氣候變化而付出的代價(jià)卻較小，作者在隨后一句中解釋說(shuō)，他們因消費(fèi)礦物燃料而受益，卻對(duì)氣候變化帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題沒(méi)有負(fù)相應(yīng)的責(zé)任，這與搭便車者相似，受益而不付出什么代價(jià)。可見(jiàn)，作者的意思是指他們幾乎不需要為他們所引發(fā)的問(wèn)題負(fù)責(zé)，故答案為C.。
A.“他們不需要為自己所消耗的食物和水擔(dān)憂”，根據(jù)定位句，食物和水只是氣候變化可能引發(fā)的部分問(wèn)題，作者是用于舉例，不可以偏概全，故排除;B.“他們能夠更好地應(yīng)對(duì)全球氣候變化”，作者在定位句及隨后的句子中明確指出，他們是不為自己引發(fā)的問(wèn)題負(fù)責(zé)，而沒(méi)有提到應(yīng)對(duì)能力的問(wèn)題，可以排除;D.“他們不受影響‘被迫上車的乘客’的溫室效應(yīng)的干擾”，“被迫上車的乘客”只是一個(gè)比喻，該項(xiàng)將溫室效應(yīng)和“被迫上車的乘客”聯(lián)系在一起，是對(duì)文章的曲解，可以排除。
48.C.。
49.B.。
50.D.。
Passage Two
(51)面臨抑郁、焦慮和自殺風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的青少年，常常把自己的問(wèn)題表現(xiàn)得如同霓虹燈標(biāo)識(shí)一般明目昭彰。他們的一些危險(xiǎn)行為——過(guò)量飲酒、使用違禁藥品、抽煙以及逃學(xué)——能夠警示家長(zhǎng)和老師嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題即將發(fā)生。
但是一項(xiàng)新的研究顯示，另一個(gè)青少年群體幾乎面臨著同樣嚴(yán)重的精神病征風(fēng)險(xiǎn)：那些大量使用多媒體，睡眠不足和不愛(ài)活動(dòng)的孩子。
當(dāng)然，這聽(tīng)上去像是在說(shuō)這個(gè)星球上的每一個(gè)青少年。但研究警示，在上述三個(gè)方面均有極端表現(xiàn)的孩子才是真正的高危人群。(53)由于他們的行為通常并不被視為危險(xiǎn)信號(hào)，這些年輕人被研究者標(biāo)記為“隱形風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”人群。
“從某種意義上講，他們更易深陷困境，”研究人員弗拉基米爾·卡利說(shuō)，“大多數(shù)家長(zhǎng)、老師和醫(yī)生會(huì)對(duì)青少年濫用藥品或酗酒有所反應(yīng)，而卻很容易忽視這些深陷此類難以察覺(jué)的行為的青少年�！�
研究者們調(diào)查了12395名學(xué)生，分析了九種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)行為，包括酗酒、使用違禁藥品、吸煙成癮、過(guò)量使用多媒體和逃學(xué)。其目的在于確定青少年中存在的這些高危行為和精神健康問(wèn)題之間的相互關(guān)系。
大約58%的學(xué)生沒(méi)有表現(xiàn)出或極少表現(xiàn)出這些高危行為。大約l3%的學(xué)生在全部九種高危行為上計(jì)分尤其高。而29%為“隱形風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”群體，在三類行為上計(jì)分尤其高：他們每天花在電子設(shè)備上的時(shí)間在五個(gè)小時(shí)以上;他們晚間的睡眠只有或少于六個(gè)小時(shí);他們忽視“其他健康活動(dòng)”。
在全部九種高危行為上都有高計(jì)分的群體最易表現(xiàn)出抑郁癥癥狀;整體來(lái)看，這個(gè)群體中有15%報(bào)告有抑郁傾向，而低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)群體只有4%報(bào)告存在這類問(wèn)題。(54)但隱形風(fēng)險(xiǎn)人群也與高危人群相差無(wú)幾，他們中有13%表現(xiàn)出抑郁癥狀。
研究結(jié)果令卡利始料未及�！拔覀兪终痼@，”他說(shuō)，“高危人群和低危群體是顯而易見(jiàn)的，(52)但是這個(gè)第三類群體不僅是出乎意料的，而且十分明顯，數(shù)量龐大——占我們樣本數(shù)量的三分之一——成為這個(gè)研究的關(guān)鍵性發(fā)現(xiàn)�！�
(55)卡利說(shuō)，他的研究最為關(guān)鍵的一點(diǎn)在于為家長(zhǎng)、教師和精神保健服務(wù)人員提供新的早期警示信號(hào)。盡早發(fā)現(xiàn)，并對(duì)精神健康問(wèn)題提供支持和治療，他說(shuō)，這對(duì)于防止他們變成完全意義上的失常者是最佳的方法。
51.C.。
52.D.。
53.B.。
54.A.。
55.B.。
Part IV Translation
With the improvement of living standards, holiday is occupying a more and more prominent position in Chinese peoples life. In the past, making a living takes most of peoples time, which gives them rare chance to go off on a trip. However, tourism has undergone a rapid growth in China for the past several years. The prosperity of economy and the emergence of the affluent middle class trigger an unprecedented tourism boom.
Not only does domestic traveling become common, but traveling abroad is also enjoying an increasing popularity among Chinese people. During the National Day holidays in 2016, tourism consumption amounts to more than 400 billion yuan. According to the statistical data by the World Trade Organization, China will have become the worlds largest tourism country by 2020, and she will also see the fastest growth in overseas traveling expenditure in the next few years.
1.翻譯第一句時(shí)，“隨著生活水平的提高”可像參考澤文那樣譯為With伴隨結(jié)構(gòu)，也可譯為as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，即As living standards improve，其中“提高”還可譯為go up，upgrade，rise，enhance等�！霸凇械淖饔迷絹�(lái)越重要”可以直譯為Nay an increasingly important role in…，也可像參考譯文那樣，意譯為“占據(jù)越來(lái)越重要的地位”。
2.翻譯第二句時(shí)，可以把中國(guó)人作為主語(yǔ)，即Chinese people spend most of their time in…，and they seldom have chance to…，也可像參考澤文那樣，將“謀生”作為主語(yǔ)，即“謀生花費(fèi)了人們大量的時(shí)間，使得他們很少有機(jī)會(huì)外出旅行”。其中，“謀生”還可澤為earn a living，seek a livelihood等。
3.翻譯第三句時(shí)，“中國(guó)旅游業(yè)發(fā)展迅速”除了像參考譯文那樣意澤為“經(jīng)歷了快速發(fā)展”以外，還可直澤為China’s tourism industry has developed rapidly in recent years。
4.翻譯第四句時(shí)，關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)是“引發(fā)”的譯法，除了譯為trigger以外，還可譯為bring about，give rise to等�！扒八从械摹弊畛Ｒ�(jiàn)的譯法是unprecedented。
5.翻譯第五句時(shí)，關(guān)鍵是表示“不僅……也……”的not only…but also…的使用，not only位于句首時(shí)，前半句使用倒裝語(yǔ)序，后半句使用陳述語(yǔ)序。除了參考譯文的澤法外，本句簡(jiǎn)單的譯法是把“中國(guó)人”作為主語(yǔ)，即Not only do Chinese people travel domestically，but they travel abroad more and more oft,en as well.“受歡迎”既可譯為popular，還可譯為enjoy a popularity。
6.翻譯第六句時(shí)，關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)是“總計(jì)”的翻譯，除可譯為amotmt to以外，還可澤為add up to等。
7.翻譯第七旬時(shí)，主要是時(shí)態(tài)的使用，“2020年中國(guó)將成為世界上最大的旅游國(guó)”應(yīng)該使用將來(lái)完成時(shí)，“在未來(lái)幾年里將成為出境旅游支出增長(zhǎng)最快的國(guó)家”應(yīng)使用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。其中，“將成為出境旅游支出增長(zhǎng)最快的國(guó)家”可直譯為will become a country with the fastest—growing overseas travel expense，還可像參考譯文那樣意譯為“見(jiàn)證旅游支出的最快增長(zhǎng)”。
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