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2016年英語(yǔ)專四考試閱讀長(zhǎng)難句理解與解析
為了幫助同學(xué)們備考2016年英語(yǔ)專業(yè)四級(jí)考試閱讀長(zhǎng)難句，應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生小編特地為各位整理了閱讀長(zhǎng)難句理解與解析的資料，提供給大家備考使用。
專四考試備考資料之閱讀長(zhǎng)難句理解與解析(1)
一、定語(yǔ)從句的概念
定語(yǔ)從句就是修飾主句里的名詞或代詞的從句，本質(zhì)上相當(dāng)于“形容詞”。
二、定語(yǔ)從句的類型
定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。大多數(shù)定語(yǔ)從句都對(duì)所修飾的名詞或代詞加以限制，去掉該從句后先行詞將意義不全或失去意義。而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的作用在于補(bǔ)充，翻譯是常常另起一個(gè)句子，與主句構(gòu)成并列句。例如：
That’s the same man that asked for help the day before yesterday.
Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous.
三、定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別
1. 同位語(yǔ)從句的形式與定語(yǔ)從句相似，它們之間都有先行詞，但與先行詞的關(guān)系有所不同：同位語(yǔ)從句與先行詞同位或等同，定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞則是修飾關(guān)系。
2. 在定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系詞要代替先行詞在從句中作適當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞郑憾徽Z(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞則只起引導(dǎo)作用，沒有代替前面名詞在從句中作句子成分的作用。試比較以下兩個(gè)句子：
The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.(同位語(yǔ)從句)
The fact that you are talking about is important.(定語(yǔ)從句)
閱讀真題難句薈萃
1. Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable fabrics that you can jus replace what you’re doing and what your customers are used to.(09.6 Passage 1)
分析：主干：Most designers are finding…
finding 后是省略連詞that的賓語(yǔ)從句。該從句時(shí)there be 句型，其主語(yǔ)comparable fabrics后有一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句直到句末。該定語(yǔ)從句的衛(wèi)浴動(dòng)詞replace帶了兩個(gè)由and鏈接的并列的髕骨從句，都用what引導(dǎo)。
譯文：大多數(shù)現(xiàn)有品牌設(shè)計(jì)師都發(fā)現(xiàn)，找不到滿意的有機(jī)布料來(lái)取代現(xiàn)在使用的、顧客已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了的布料。
Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake. (09.6 Passage 2)
主干：Todd Park, a local detective, said...
1. said 之后的內(nèi)容是個(gè)省略引導(dǎo)詞that的賓語(yǔ)從句。1.whose skeleton...是個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾an...woman。
譯文：當(dāng)?shù)氐囊幻麄商絋odd Park說(shuō)，這個(gè)方法幫他了解到有關(guān)一位身份不明的女性死者的更多信息，其尸骨是在打掩護(hù)附近被發(fā)現(xiàn)的。
專四考試備考資料之閱讀長(zhǎng)難句理解與解析(2)
Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year. (08.12 Passage 1)
主干：Gullotta saw a man...
1. who 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾a...man。
2.本句是肯定陳述句，卻用了doing anything而不是doing something,語(yǔ)義上有所強(qiáng)調(diào)。
譯文：兩個(gè)月以前格洛塔為一位50歲的男士看病，這名男士吸煙可歐已有一年，但期間他沒有采取任何措施，以至于延誤了治療。
The digital bread crumbs (碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. (08.6 Passage 2)
主干：The crumbs make it easy to reconstruce...
you leave everywhere 是定語(yǔ)從句，省略了關(guān)系代詞that，修飾crumbs; make it easy for...to do...結(jié)構(gòu)中，it 是形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是不定式 to reconstruct...。easy是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，for引導(dǎo)出不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)strangers。句末who, where和what引導(dǎo)的三個(gè)名詞性從句都是reconstruct的賓語(yǔ)。
譯文：你處處留下的“數(shù)字面包碎屑”很容易讓陌生人推想出你是誰(shuí)，你在哪里，你對(duì)什么感興趣。
Privacy economist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon (優(yōu)惠券).
主干：Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests...
Privacy economist 和 Alessandro Acquisti 是同位語(yǔ)。tests后的that從句作tests的定語(yǔ)，該從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞reveal帶有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句people will surrender...。
譯文：隱私經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家Alessandro Acquisti 進(jìn)行了一系列的測(cè)試，這些測(cè)試表明人們會(huì)透露像社�？ㄌ�(hào)這樣的個(gè)人信息，就只是為了能拿到微不足道的便宜50美分的優(yōu)惠券。
There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what it’s like to work in a field dominated by men. (07.6 Passage 1)
主干：There was a time
本句是個(gè)存在句，主語(yǔ)a time由when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾。“about+what”引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)，作stories的后置定語(yǔ)在該賓語(yǔ)從句中，it是形式主語(yǔ)，后面的不定式短語(yǔ)to work...是真正的主語(yǔ)。dominated...作a field的后置定語(yǔ)。
譯文：我生活中有那么一段時(shí)間人們老是問(wèn)我，供職于一個(gè)男性占主導(dǎo)地位的領(lǐng)域感覺如何。
The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls "free writing." (07.6 Passage 2)
主干：The practice...is what...
定語(yǔ)從句that can...修飾主語(yǔ)The practice,從句中的介詞短語(yǔ) past your...habits作賓語(yǔ)you的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，as you write引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句修飾trying to edite。what引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句中用了“call+賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu)，what是賓語(yǔ)，free writing是補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。
譯文：這種可以幫助你克服在寫作的同時(shí)就試圖編輯的壞習(xí)慣的做法便是Elbow所稱作的“自由式”寫作。
專四考試備考資料之閱讀長(zhǎng)難句理解與解析(3)
As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease-especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise. (06.12 Passage 2)
主干：the focus has been shifting
1. 句首As引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，As指代主句所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容，在從句中作seen的賓語(yǔ)。
2. 主句中破折號(hào)后的內(nèi)容是短語(yǔ)介詞in terms of引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，表示“從......方面來(lái)說(shuō)”，changing與前面的shifting構(gòu)成語(yǔ)義再現(xiàn)。
譯文：正如我們所看到的一樣，我們社會(huì)醫(yī)療的重心正在從治療疾病轉(zhuǎn)到預(yù)防疾病上來(lái)---特別是要改變我們?cè)S多不健康的行為，比如說(shuō)不良的飲食習(xí)慣、抽煙、忽視鍛煉。
The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely "not ill" and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body’s special needs. (06.12 Passage 2)
主干：The field has not distinguished (between...and...)
主句的謂語(yǔ)用了distinguished between...and...的結(jié)構(gòu)，and連接的兩個(gè)someone都用了who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句予以修飾。
譯文：傳統(tǒng)上，醫(yī)學(xué)并沒有區(qū)分一個(gè)僅僅是“沒有生病”的人和一個(gè)健康狀況很好并且注意自己身體特殊需要的人。這兩種類型都被稱作“健康”。
In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms "well" and "wellness" only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health. (06.12 Passage 2)
主干：some health specialists have begun to apply...
主句部分，不定式to apply...用作begun的賓語(yǔ)。apply...to...表示“把......應(yīng)用于......”，句中表示“把well和wellness這樣的詞只用來(lái)指那些人”。who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾those。
譯文：然而，近些年來(lái)，一些健康專家開始把“健康”和“健康狀況良好”這樣的字眼只使用到那些積極努力去保持并改善自身健康狀況的人身上。
The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely "not ill" and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body’s special needs. (06.12 Passage 2)
主干：The field has not distinguished (between...and...)
主句的謂語(yǔ)用了distinguished between...and...的結(jié)構(gòu)，and連接的兩個(gè)someone都用了who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句予以修飾。
譯文：傳統(tǒng)上，醫(yī)學(xué)并沒有區(qū)分一個(gè)僅僅是“沒有生病”的人和一個(gè)健康狀況很好并且注意自己身體特殊需要的人。這兩種類型都被稱作“健康”。
And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life. (06.12 Passage 2)
主干：the concept...can have a (beneficial impact)
句首by引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)表示“方法、手段”。have a (beneficial impact) on...“對(duì)......有有益的影響”。in which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾the ways。
譯文：通過(guò)關(guān)注健康的生活方式，“健康”的歷年就能對(duì)人們面對(duì)日常生活的挑戰(zhàn)的方法產(chǎn)生有利的影響。
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