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Passage Sixteen (Crime in Computer)
New and bizarre crimes have come into being with the advent of computer technology.Organized crime to has been directly involved; the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, property-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes…
Theft of data, or data crime, has attracted the interest of organized criminal syndicates.This is usually the theft or copying of valuable computer grogram.An international market already exists for computerized data, and specialized fences are said to be playing a key role in this rapidly expanding criminal market.Buyers for stolen programs may range from a firm’s competitors to foreign nations.
A competitor sabotages a company’s computer system to destroy or cripple the firm’s operational ability, thus neutralizing its competitive capability either in the private or the government sector.This computer sabotage may also be tied to an attempt by affluent investors to acquire the victim firm.With the growing reliance by firms on computers for their recordkeeping and daily operations, sabotage of their computers can result in internal havoc, after which the group interested in acquiring the firm can easily buy it at a substantially lower price.Criminal groups could also resort to sabotage if the company is a competitor of a business owned or controlled by organized crime.
Politically motivated sabotage is on the increase; political extremist groups have sprouted on every continent.Sophisticated computer technology arms these groups with awesome powers and opens technologically advanced nations to their attack.Several attempts have already been made to destroy computer facility at an air force base.A university computer facility involved in national defence work suffered more than $2 million in damages as a result of a bombing.
Computer vulnerability has been amply documented.One congressional study concluded that neither government nor private computer systems are adequately protected against sabotage.Organized criminal syndicates have shown their willingness to work with politically motivated groups.Investigators have uncovered evidence of cooperation between criminal groups and foreign governments in narcotics.Criminal groups have taken attempts in assassinating political leaders….Computers are used in hospital life-support system, in laboratories, and in major surgery.Criminals could easily turn these computers into tools of devastation.By sabotaging the computer of a life-support system, criminals could kill an individual as easily as they had used a gun.By manipulating a computer, they could guide awesome tools of terror against large urban centers.Cities and nations could become hostages.Homicide could take a now form.The computer may become the hit man of the twentieth century.
The computer opens vast areas of crime to organized criminal groups, both national and international.It calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooperative efforts, because many of these crimes are too complex for one group to handle, especially those requiting a vast network of fences.Although criminals have adapted to computer technology, law enforcement has not.Many still think in terms of traditional criminology.
1.How many kinds of crimes are mentioned in the passage?
[A]7
[B]8
[C]9
[D]10
2.What is the purpose of a competitor to sabotage a company’s computer?
[A]His purpose is to destroy or weaken the firm’s operational ability.
[B]His purpose is to weaken firm’s competitive capability and get it.
[C]His purpose is to buy the rival’s company at a relatively low price.
[D]His purpose is to steal important data.
3.Which of the following can be labeled as a politically motivated sabotage of a computer system?
[A]Sabotage of a university computer.
[B]Sabotage of a hospital computer.
[C]Sabotage of computer at a secret training base.
[D]Sabotage of a factory computer.
4.What does the author mean by “Homicide could take a new form”?
[A]There is no need to use a gun in killing a person.
[B]Criminals can kill whoever they want by a computer.
[C]The computer can replace any weapons.
[D]The function of a computer is just like a gun.
Vocabulary
1.bizarre 奇怪的
2.vandalism 破壞，故意破壞文化，藝術(shù)的行為
3.cripple 使癱瘓，削弱
4.fence 賊市，臟品買賣處
5.neutralize 使成為無效
6.affluent 富裕的
7.recordkeeping 記錄存貯
8.havoc 浩劫，大破壞
9.resort to 求助于，借助于
10.motivate 作為……的動機(jī)，激發(fā)
11.extremist 過激分子，極端主義分子
12.sprout 萌發(fā)迅速發(fā)展
13.awesome 令人驚懼的，引起敬畏的
14.vulnerability 易受攻擊，脆弱
15.devastation 劫持，破壞
16.hospital life-support system 醫(yī)院的生命維持系統(tǒng)
17.hit man 職業(yè)兇手(殺手)
18.pool 集中(資金)合辦，入股
19.criminology 犯罪學(xué)，刑事學(xué)
難句譯注
1.Organized crime to has been directly involved; the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, property-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes…
[結(jié)構(gòu)簡析] 句子很長，都是簡單句，中間有分號隔開，后面是舉例。
[參考譯文] 有組織犯罪團(tuán)伙也直接參與：計算機(jī)新技術(shù)較為犯罪提供了無限的機(jī)會，如數(shù)據(jù)信息犯罪，偷竊服務(wù)項(xiàng)目，跟財產(chǎn)有關(guān)的犯罪，工業(yè)破壞，跟政治有關(guān)的破壞，破壞文化藝術(shù)，對個人和財經(jīng)方面的罪行等等。
2.An international market already exists for computerized data, and specialized fences are said to be playing a key role in this rapidly expanding criminal market.
[結(jié)構(gòu)簡析] 并列句，and 作對比連接詞用。
[參考譯文] 一個計算機(jī)信息的國際市場已經(jīng)存在，而專門從事臟品交易的市場據(jù)說在迅速擴(kuò)展的犯罪市場中起著關(guān)鍵的作用。
3.A competitor sabotages a company’s computer system to destroy or cripple the firm’s operational ability, thus neutralizing its competitive capability either in the private or the government sector.
[結(jié)構(gòu)簡析] 主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，后跟thus+從句表示結(jié)果。
[參考譯文] 競爭對手破壞一個公司的計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)為的是摧毀或削弱公司的操作運(yùn)行能力，從而使其喪失在私人或政府部門中的競爭力。
4.The computer opens vast areas of crime to organized criminal groups, both national and international.It calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooperative efforts, because many of these crimes are too complex for one group to handle, especially those requiting a vast network of fences.
[結(jié)構(gòu)簡析] 兩句話。前一句為主謂賓，后一句為主從句，從句內(nèi)采用too…to 句型，后跟分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)一步說明。
[參考譯文] 計算機(jī)為國內(nèi)和國際有組織犯罪集團(tuán)開辟了犯罪的廣泛領(lǐng)域。它要求它們集中資源，提高通力協(xié)作力量，因?yàn)樵S多犯罪太復(fù)雜，一個集團(tuán)難以駕馭，特別是那些需要巨大的臟品交易時常網(wǎng)絡(luò)的罪行。
寫作方法與文章大意
文章介紹“計算機(jī)犯罪”，采用分類寫作手法，先列出種種計算機(jī)犯罪項(xiàng)，下面逐一說明。文本只選四種犯罪——信息數(shù)據(jù)偷竊或信息(數(shù)據(jù))犯罪，產(chǎn)業(yè)破壞，政治破壞，對個人生命破壞。分四段敘述，每段為一種罪行，最后是對比罪犯勢力越來越有組織，勢力請大，而司法部門卻沒有準(zhǔn)備好。
答案祥解
1.B.8種，具體罪行。見難句譯注1。
2.B.他的目的是削弱公司競爭力進(jìn)而得到它。答案見難句譯注2及第二段第二句起：“計算機(jī)破壞也可以和富裕的投資者欲得到對手的公司的企圖相連。隨著公司對計算機(jī)記錄存儲的信賴性加強(qiáng)，破壞他們的計算機(jī)可以造成內(nèi)部大破壞。之后，對取得這個公司感性趣的集團(tuán)很容易在級低價格上買進(jìn)。”
A.削弱公司運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)能力�！ .在相當(dāng)?shù)偷膬r格上買進(jìn)對手的.公司。這兩個選項(xiàng)都只是破壞目的的一個方面�！ .偷竊重要資料，文內(nèi)沒有講。
3.C 破壞秘密訓(xùn)練基礎(chǔ)。這可以標(biāo)以政治目的的破壞計算機(jī)。
A.大學(xué) B.醫(yī)院 D.工廠�！∵@三個地方都難以和政治直接相連，第三段講的大學(xué)是“參與國防保衛(wèi)工作的大學(xué)計算機(jī)措施”，和一般大學(xué)不一樣。只有秘密訓(xùn)練的基地和真正相連的可能性最大，所以選C.
4.B.犯罪可以通過計算機(jī)任意殺人。答案在第五段：“犯罪集團(tuán)曾采取步驟暗殺政治領(lǐng)袖。醫(yī)院的生命維護(hù)系統(tǒng)，實(shí)驗(yàn)室，大型外科手術(shù)中都用計算機(jī)。罪犯們很容易把這些計算機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)變成破壞的工具。通過破壞生命維護(hù)系統(tǒng)計算機(jī)，罪犯們就像用槍一樣很容易殺死人。通過控制計算機(jī)，他們可以指導(dǎo)這可怖的工具攻擊大城市中心。城市和國家都可以成為人質(zhì)。謀殺具有新的形式，計算機(jī)可能成為21世紀(jì)的事業(yè)殺手。”
A.殺人不需要用槍。這話太籠統(tǒng)，不用槍，用什么。用毒藥，用刀? C.計算機(jī)可以取代任何武器。 D.計算機(jī)的功能就像槍，錯誤的。
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