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2014年雅思口語(yǔ)考試備考指南
雅思口語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)方法
中國(guó)考生在備考雅思考試時(shí)存在一個(gè)普遍問題:習(xí)慣花時(shí)間做聽力和閱讀真題,卻很難堅(jiān)持張嘴練習(xí)口語(yǔ),最終由于缺乏練習(xí)無(wú)法拿到理想的口語(yǔ)分?jǐn)?shù)。有些考生抱怨說,沒有語(yǔ)言環(huán)境和練習(xí)伙伴,所以沒有動(dòng)力練口語(yǔ)。其實(shí)這不應(yīng)成為借口。很多口語(yǔ)好的人都沒出過國(guó),也沒有很多外國(guó)朋友,而是靠自己堅(jiān)持練習(xí),問題的關(guān)鍵在于練習(xí)方法。
如何復(fù)述網(wǎng)上資料
雅思口語(yǔ)分為三個(gè)部分,第一和第三部分要求考生回答考官的問題,第二部分要求考生針對(duì)話題卡內(nèi)容進(jìn)行1~2分鐘即興陳述。不管是對(duì)哪個(gè)部分、哪個(gè)話題進(jìn)行練習(xí),考生如果不知道從何說起,都可以先上網(wǎng)查閱與題目主題相關(guān)的資料,找到合適的語(yǔ)料,之后再進(jìn)行復(fù)述練習(xí)。首先,考生可登錄Yahoo Answers、Quora、China Daily、Time、Wikipedia等網(wǎng)站搜索所需資料,也可以用谷歌直接搜索主題詞。對(duì)于在谷歌檢索到的結(jié)果,考生最好選擇出自英語(yǔ)國(guó)家網(wǎng)站或中國(guó)正規(guī)英語(yǔ)網(wǎng)站的文章,避免用不地道的英語(yǔ)資料。之后,考生可將資料復(fù)制下來,并把文中的關(guān)鍵詞和地道表達(dá)一一劃出,然后進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)。此時(shí)的關(guān)鍵詞可能比較凌亂,考生可以稍微將其整理一下,使之變成一個(gè)有邏輯的提綱。如果有必要,考生也可以在提綱中加入自己的想法,比如填上幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞,以幫助自己復(fù)述用。最后,考生對(duì)照提綱,用自己的話把資料復(fù)述一遍。下面筆者用具體實(shí)例來詳細(xì)說明。
雅思口語(yǔ)第二部分有一個(gè)讓很多考生不知從何說起的話題——衣服。關(guān)于這個(gè)話題,歷年曾考過介紹a piece of clothing、a traditional Chinese dress、a piece of clothing you wear on a special occasion等。針對(duì)這樣的考題,考生首先需要準(zhǔn)備一段關(guān)于傳統(tǒng)服飾的素材,比如代表中國(guó)女性特色的旗袍就可以用在以上關(guān)于衣服的所有話題中。考生可以在谷歌上直接搜索qipao,可以找到下面這個(gè)網(wǎng)站鏈接:http://www.chinavista.com/experience/qipao /qipao.html。該網(wǎng)站上關(guān)于旗袍的介紹如下。
The cheongsam is a female dress with distinctive Chinese features and enjoys a growing popularity in the international world of high fashion.
The name “cheongsam,” meaning simply “long dress,” entered the English vocabulary from the dialect of China’s Guangdong Province (Cantonese). In other parts of the country including Beijing, however, it is known as “qipao”, which has a history behind it.
When the early Manchu rulers came to China proper, they organized certain people, mainly Manchus, into “banners” (qi) and called them “banner people” (qiren), which then became loosely the name of all Manchus. The Manchu women wore normally a one-piece dress which, likewise, came to be called “qipao” or “banner dress.” Although the 1911 Revolution toppled the rule of the Qing (Manchu) Dynasty, the female dress survived the political change and, with later improvements, has become the traditional dress for Chinese women.
Easy to slip on and comfortable to wear, the cheongsam fits well the female Chinese figure. Its neck is high, closed, and its sleeves may be either short, medium or full length, depending on season and taste. The dress is buttoned on the right side, with a loose chest, a fitting waist, and slits up from the sides, all of which combine to set off the beauty of the female shape.
Another beauty of the cheongsam is that, made of different materials and to varying lengths, they can be worn either on casual or formal occasions. In either case, it creates an impression of simple and quiet charm, elegance and neatness. No wonder it is so much liked by women not only of China but of foreign countries as well.
這篇文章對(duì)旗袍的介紹清晰簡(jiǎn)練,我們很容易就能劃出其中能用于考題的內(nèi)容(如下劃線所示),例如fitting waist (收腰)、sets off the beauty of the female shape (顯身材)、sleeves (袖子)等。但考生如果不查資料的話,光靠自己想是無(wú)法表達(dá)得如此地道和準(zhǔn)確的。不過,網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的這段介紹畢竟是書面語(yǔ),文章長(zhǎng)度和結(jié)構(gòu)都不是基于雅思口語(yǔ)考題的,所以考生需要根據(jù)雅思口語(yǔ)考試的要求對(duì)這篇文章稍作整理。具體整理步驟如下。
第一步:還原考題
Describe an item of clothing.
You should say:
what the item is
what it looks like
on what occasions people wear it
and explain why it is so important.
第二步,整理提綱
1. 是什么
、 Qipao, traditional female dress with distinctive Chinese features
、 Cheongsam, Cantonese, long dress
、 Qing dynasty, Manchu rulers
2. 外觀如何
、 fits well the female Chinese figure
② fitting waist, sets off the beauty of the female shape
、 different materials
3. 什么場(chǎng)合穿
、 casual or formal occasion
② celebrations and weddings
4. 為何受歡迎
simple and quiet charm, elegance and neatness
雅思口語(yǔ)只需要1~2分鐘的陳述,因此不需要太長(zhǎng)的提綱,考生只要選出自己覺得最方便記憶的幾個(gè)點(diǎn)就行,比如像旗袍的歷史發(fā)展和細(xì)節(jié)特征考生就不必過多贅述。在整理過程中,考生也可以加入一些自己的想法,比如人們現(xiàn)在主要在慶典和婚禮(celebrations and weddings)的時(shí)候穿旗袍。下面就是對(duì)照整理的提綱組織的口語(yǔ)表達(dá)。
I’d like to tell you something about Qipao, which is a kind of traditional female dress with distinctive Chinese features. It is also known as “Cheongsam,” which means “long dress” in Cantonese. It became popular in the Qing dynasty when the Manchu rulers came to China proper.
The biggest feature of Qipao is that it fits well the female Chinese figure. For example, it usually has a fitting waist, which sets off the beauty of the female shape. As far as I know, many different kinds of material can be used for Qipao, namely, silk or cotton.
Qipao can be worn either on casual or formal occasions. Nowadays, it is more commonly seen on important occasions like celebrations and weddings. During a wedding, the bride usually wears Qipao to mark the most important day of her life.
I think that the main reason why people are so fond of Qipao is that it creates an impression of simple and quiet charm, elegance and neatness. It is now becoming more and more popular in the international world of high fashion.
以上這段表達(dá)在結(jié)合材料的同時(shí)加入了考生自己的一些想法,可謂邏輯清晰、句型連貫、詞匯貼切,最重要的是語(yǔ)言表達(dá)自然流暢?忌ㄟ^查資料,不僅節(jié)約了絞盡腦汁想語(yǔ)料的時(shí)間,而且使自己的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)更準(zhǔn)確、地道。
如何復(fù)述參考書上的范例
除了網(wǎng)上的資料以外,考生也可以用雅思相關(guān)參考書上的范例來作為復(fù)述材料。判斷參考書上的范例能否為己所用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是看其內(nèi)容是否容易記住。下面筆者就以《雅思口語(yǔ)》中的一篇口語(yǔ)表達(dá)為例來講解如何復(fù)述參考書上的范例。這篇范例的主題是智能手機(jī),主要介紹了作者喜歡智能手機(jī)的理由,具體如下。
Okay, I would really love to own a smartphone. I think they are amazing, because they are so tiny, and they can do so many things! I really like the way they look—so slim and light. But the incredible thing is what they can do. A smartphone is a kind of three things in one—a phone, an iPod and a computer. So it is really useful, because you can do all the things you normally do with a phone, like texting and calling people but you can also listen to your favorite music mostly when I’m on the bus, or walking somewhere, like to school. And I would use it to share music with my friends. I think I could even use it to download films and music videos. You can also use them to store your photos and other stuff. Actually, you can use it to take your own photos as well. There is no keyboard, so you just touch the screen to type and send text messages. I really want to get one because all my friends have them and I think they are so useful. But I probably have to wait until my parents buy me one. I love new technology—I’m always interested in the latest things.
看完這篇范文后,考生可以整理出以下提綱:
1. 是什么
smartphone
2. 外觀如何
tiny, slim and light
3. 有何功能(此處可以加些自己上網(wǎng)的活動(dòng)):
、 listen to favourite music, share music with friends
② download films and videos
、 store photos and other stuff
4. 為什么喜歡
① touch the screen to type
、 new technology (談?wù)搶?duì)新技術(shù)的喜愛)
整理完提綱后,考生就可以對(duì)照提綱來組織自己的口語(yǔ)表達(dá)了。因?yàn)榘婷嬗邢,筆者在此就不再提供復(fù)述后的例文了。
復(fù)述時(shí)需注意的問題
考生在運(yùn)用復(fù)述的方法備考雅思口語(yǔ)的過程中需要注意以下四個(gè)問題。
1. 如果復(fù)述材料有配套音頻,考生可以邊聽邊記筆記。這樣能同時(shí)練習(xí)聽力和單詞拼寫。
2. 有條件的話,考生最好錄下自己的復(fù)述。復(fù)述完之后聽錄音,糾正復(fù)述中的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤,改掉不符合英文表達(dá)習(xí)慣的“嗯”“哼”“哈”等口頭語(yǔ),并檢查句型還有什么能改進(jìn)的地方。
3. 復(fù)述至少兩到三遍,復(fù)述最后一遍時(shí)考生要注意語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)的抑揚(yáng)頓挫,適當(dāng)配合肢體語(yǔ)言,完全模擬考場(chǎng)情境,就像對(duì)面坐著考官一樣。
4. 考生在考前應(yīng)該復(fù)述練習(xí)最近?嫉目谡Z(yǔ)機(jī)經(jīng)題,每天練兩個(gè)題,直到能流利表達(dá)為止。第二天考生給自己一分鐘時(shí)間,看能否快速回憶起昨天練過的題目,在紙上寫下幾個(gè)要點(diǎn),然后再講述一遍。
用復(fù)述提升聽說能力
雅思口語(yǔ)考試是非常實(shí)用的交流能力的測(cè)試,不是光靠背模板句就能應(yīng)對(duì)的?忌挥袕母旧咸嵘⒄Z(yǔ)交流能力才能拿高分。大多數(shù)參加雅思考試的考生都是準(zhǔn)備出國(guó)留學(xué)的,所以雅思的備考其實(shí)不光只是為了一個(gè)分?jǐn)?shù),更是為了在海外更好的生存和學(xué)習(xí)。其實(shí),在國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)得是否吃力,能否交到朋友、積極生活,很大程度上是由英語(yǔ)的聽、說、讀、寫能力決定的。因此,即使在通過雅思考試后,考生也要堅(jiān)持日常聽說練習(xí),每天只需用半小時(shí)的時(shí)間?忌梢园凑找韵虏襟E進(jìn)行練習(xí):①選擇材料:國(guó)外電臺(tái)節(jié)目或《新概念英語(yǔ)2》《新概念英語(yǔ)3》的課文,選擇材料時(shí)以能聽懂60%以上的內(nèi)容為準(zhǔn);②聽一遍材料,不用記筆記;③一句話口頭總結(jié)材料的內(nèi)容,比如誰(shuí)在什么時(shí)間什么地方做了什么;④精聽材料,記下關(guān)鍵詞,聽不懂的地方多聽?zhēng)妆,并嘗試自己拼寫出來;⑤比較記錄的信息和原文是否匹配,并復(fù)述原文,至少兩遍;⑥大聲朗讀模仿原文,注意語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)和抑揚(yáng)頓挫。
有input (輸入)才能更好地output (輸出),有output才能運(yùn)用好input的內(nèi)容。上述聽說練習(xí)過程將input和output有效結(jié)合起來,使考生積累了新單詞,鍛煉了信息提取能力、邏輯思維能力、語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力,并提升了語(yǔ)感。
怎樣提高雅思口語(yǔ)成績(jī)?
雅思口語(yǔ)評(píng)分很重要的一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是pronunciation,但考官不變態(tài)(至少大部分不變態(tài)),不會(huì)以native speaker的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)評(píng)判大家。其實(shí),多拿0.5在口語(yǔ)部分很簡(jiǎn)單,秘訣就是以下幾點(diǎn):
雅思口語(yǔ)提分點(diǎn)1.語(yǔ)調(diào)與非語(yǔ)言因素,即肢體語(yǔ)言。
很多同學(xué)可能會(huì)覺得老外講話的時(shí)候聽起來、看起來都特別夸張?zhí)貏e生動(dòng),就是因?yàn)樗麄儾坏Z(yǔ)調(diào)抑揚(yáng)頓挫,而且手勢(shì)狂多,整個(gè)人很high。這也是我們?cè)诳谠嚂r(shí)要學(xué)習(xí)的。想想看,考官坐在同一個(gè)考場(chǎng),連續(xù)兩天要聽上百個(gè)考生回答同樣的一些問題,他們也很無(wú)聊,所以我們要做的,就是用我們有激情的語(yǔ)調(diào)和豐富的手勢(shì)去打動(dòng)他們,當(dāng)然,用一些簡(jiǎn)單的反義疑問句跟考官互動(dòng)是最簡(jiǎn)單的辦法,比如,is it? Do you think so?
雅思口語(yǔ)提分點(diǎn)2.生活化而有感染力的口語(yǔ)與文化結(jié)合。
同學(xué)們,如果你有豐富的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷和你所熱愛的東西,抓住任何時(shí)機(jī)告訴考官吧?脊俨幌肼爩W(xué)生腔的冗長(zhǎng),他們想知道你除了定語(yǔ)從句和倒裝之外,還向往倫敦的Heathrow Airport,或者熱愛莎士比亞(王爾德就更牛了!),出國(guó)之后最想的除了學(xué)習(xí)之外,還想坐London Eye鳥瞰全倫敦醉人的夜景(有霧也沒關(guān)系)。他們想知道你不但懂traditional Chinese food,還一直想吃湖南路新開的越南菜(我上次就是這么搞到8分的,考試結(jié)束考官問我“那家越南餐廳在那兒”),你喜歡新事物,熱愛冒險(xiǎn),你有能力搞定生活中的變化。
雅思口語(yǔ)提分點(diǎn)3.以上兩點(diǎn)可能側(cè)重的是口語(yǔ)的第一、二部分,即daily conversation & individual long run,對(duì)于考試的第三部分,two-way discussion,更重要的是良好的語(yǔ)言功底和邏輯。
在邏輯方面,試著用there are many reasons why I believe this should happen; it depends 或 I’m not really sure about this, but maybe I can share with you my personal story over this issue等開始你的回答,然后用寫作中學(xué)來的順序連接詞把整個(gè)答案串聯(lián)起來,you just have to sound logical, and it’s really easy!
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