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2017年公共英語四級(jí)模擬訓(xùn)練試題
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Part C
In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 51 —— 55, choose the most suitable one from the list [A] —— [ G ] to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There are two extra choices, which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.
On the north bank of the Ohio River sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams,52, and of a riverboat casino ( a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor eaming$ 35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $ 20 worth of gambling.
He visited the casino, lost the $ 20 and left. On his second visit he lost $ 800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a "Fun Card", which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user' s gambling activities. For Williams,those activities become what he calls "electronic heroin. "
(51) In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March
1997 he lost $ 72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a" time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a. m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a. m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.
In March 1998, a friend of Williams' s got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams' s gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a "cease admissions" letter.
Noting the "medical/psychological" nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.
(52) .
The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning : "'Enjoy the fun...and always bet with your head, not over it". Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams' s suit charges that the casino, knowing he was "helplessly addicted to gambling", intentionally worked to "lure" him to"engage in conduct against his will. " Well.
(53) .
The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says "pathological gambling" involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.
(54) . Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.
(55) .
Forty-four states have lotteries,29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on--you might say addicted to revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers' dollars has become intense. The Oct.28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $ 3.5 billion being lost on Internetwagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web' s most profitable business.
A. Although no such evidence was presented, the casino' s marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.
B. It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?
C. By the time he had lost $ 5,000 he said to himseff that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $ 5,500, but he did not quit.
D. Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.
E. David Williams' s suit should trouble this gambling nation, But don' t bet on it.
F. It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.
G. The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conductive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Intemet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?
Part C
參考譯文
印第安納,k11的埃文斯座落在俄亥俄河的北岸，它是52歲的大衛(wèi)·威廉姆斯的家鄉(xiāng)，也是一家河船賭場的所在地。就在這家賭場，威廉姆斯，一名年薪35，000美元的州政府審計(jì)員，幾年賭博下來，輸?shù)袅舜蠹s175，000美元。他以前從未進(jìn)行過賭博，后來賭場送給他一張價(jià)值20美元的賭博優(yōu)惠券，他便沾上了賭。
他第一次去賭場，輸?shù)袅四?0美元后就離開了。第二次，他輸?shù)袅?00美元。賭場把他看作優(yōu)質(zhì)顧客，發(fā)給他一張“開心卡”，在賭場使用時(shí)可贏得積分，換取食物和飲料。同時(shí)，該卡也可以使賭場跟蹤持卡人的賭博活動(dòng)。對(duì)威廉姆斯而言，這些賭博活動(dòng)成為他所謂的“電子”。
(51)輸?shù)?，000美元時(shí)，他對(duì)自己說，如果能夠把輸?shù)舻腻X贏回來，就不賭了。一天晚上：他贏了5：500美元：但是并沒盔就此停手。1997年，他兩天之內(nèi)就在一臺(tái)賭博的機(jī)上輸?shù)袅?1，000美元。到了三月份，他又輸?shù)袅?2，186美元。有時(shí)候他同時(shí)在兩臺(tái)賭博的機(jī)上賭，通宵達(dá)旦.一直到早晨5點(diǎn)賭船靠岸，然后等到賭場上午9點(diǎn)開放時(shí)他又回到船上繼續(xù)賭�，F(xiàn)在，他正起訴該賭場，指控其明明知道他已經(jīng)賭博上癮，就應(yīng)該阻止他繼續(xù)光顧。賭場的確知道他已經(jīng)賭博成癮。
1998年3月，威廉姆斯的一個(gè)朋友將他強(qiáng)制送進(jìn)了戒賭治療中心接受治療，并且寫信告知那家賭場有關(guān)威康姆斯賭博上癮的問題。賭場將威廉姆斯的照片放入被禁止去賭博人員的名單中，并給他寫了一封“禁賭通知書”。通知書在指明賭博行為對(duì)人健康和心理造成危害的同時(shí)，還提到，如果他要再次光顧賭場，必須出示醫(yī)療或心理狀況信息。以證明光顧賭場不會(huì)對(duì)他的安全和健康造成任何威脅。
(52)盡管他沒有出示相關(guān)證明，賭場的市場部仍不斷地給他發(fā)郵件，而且他又進(jìn)入賭場并使用了開心卡也無人察覺。
據(jù)《華爾街日報(bào)》報(bào)道，那個(gè)賭場內(nèi)有24個(gè)警告標(biāo)志：“盡享歡樂…賭博時(shí)要用腦子，不要沖昏頭腦”。每張入場券上都印有印第安納州心理健康部門的免費(fèi)咨詢電話號(hào)碼。然而，威廉姆斯的訴訟指控賭場，明明知道他“不可救藥地沉溺于賭博”，仍然故意“引誘”他“做出違背自己意愿的行為”。
(53)不清楚到底是什么樣的誘惑使他做出這種不能自控的行為，而且在何種意義上他的意志才會(huì)起作用?
《心理疾病診斷與統(tǒng)計(jì)手冊》第四版中這樣寫道，“病態(tài)賭博行為”指的是持續(xù)地、反復(fù)地且無法自控地追求意外橫財(cái)，這種追求更多的是尋求冒險(xiǎn)刺激，并非僅僅是為了錢。
(54)令人不安的是，社會(huì)越來越傾向于用醫(yī)學(xué)的方法來處理行為問題，過去更為嚴(yán)厲的前輩們解釋為“意志力薄弱”的行為，現(xiàn)在通常被定義為“沉溺癥”。在科學(xué)或者所謂“科學(xué)”的推動(dòng)下，社會(huì)正將之前被視為性格缺陷、道德淪喪的現(xiàn)象重新劃分為類似于生理障礙的人格疾病。
(55)賭博一直是美國人生活中的一個(gè)司空見慣的現(xiàn)象，但是長期以來，人們通常把它視作是一種罪過或者一種社會(huì)疾病。而現(xiàn)在賭博卻成為一項(xiàng)社會(huì)政策：在美國，對(duì)賭博最重要、最積極的推動(dòng)者就是政府。
美國有44個(gè)州發(fā)行彩票，29個(gè)州開設(shè)賭場，而且這些州大多在不同程度上依賴或者說是“沉溺于”來自于賭博的收入。自從1995年第一家在線賭博網(wǎng)站建立以來，爭奪賭徒手中金錢的競爭變得更加激烈�！缎侣勚芸瘆10月28日報(bào)道說，每周有200萬賭徒光顧1，800家虛擬賭場。因今年共有35億美元丟到了網(wǎng)絡(luò)賭博中，賭博業(yè)已經(jīng)超過色情業(yè)成為網(wǎng)絡(luò)上利潤最大的行業(yè)。
答案及解析
51.C 【解析】本題是順接關(guān)系題。該空格位于第三段的開頭，因此要結(jié)合上下文，注意其敘述或銜接關(guān)系�？崭袂昂蠖际窃谥v述威廉姆斯賭博的具體事例，且出現(xiàn)了大量的數(shù)字，由前文的$20和$800再到空格后的$21，000和$72，185，數(shù)字越來越大，這表明他越賭輸?shù)舻腻X就越多。由此可推斷，空白處也應(yīng)與他的輸贏或輸贏的數(shù)目有關(guān)。瀏覽各選項(xiàng)，只有C出現(xiàn)了數(shù)字$5，000 和$5，500，與前后文的數(shù)字形成照應(yīng)。另外，從邏輯關(guān)系上看，空格前一句提到，威廉姆斯稱這些賭博活動(dòng)為“電子”，接下來的內(nèi)容該是具體說明他是如何逐步賭博成癮的，這由輸錢金額的漸增體現(xiàn)出來。C選項(xiàng)的事實(shí)數(shù)據(jù)與上下文在邏輯表達(dá)方向上一致。
52.A 【解析】本題是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系題。該空格出現(xiàn)在第五段，要求填入一個(gè)完整的段落�？崭袂暗膬�(nèi)容談到在朋友寫信告知那家賭場有關(guān)威廉姆斯賭博上癮的問題后，賭場似乎已經(jīng)盡到了它的義務(wù)：將其列入了禁止進(jìn)入賭場的名單，并提到他若再次進(jìn)入此賭場需出示相關(guān)醫(yī)學(xué)和心理學(xué)信息，以證明光顧賭場不會(huì)對(duì)他的安全和健康造成任何威脅。但實(shí)際上從下一段內(nèi)容得知，賭場在明知他上癮的情況下并未采取行動(dòng)。選項(xiàng)A段落即由“al-though”引起轉(zhuǎn)折，提到盡管威廉姆斯沒有提供相關(guān)證據(jù)，但還是頻頻收到賭場市場部的郵件，而且進(jìn)入賭場使用開心卡也無人察覺，繼續(xù)說明了賭場的行為：表面上禁止，卻仍在暗中鼓勵(lì)他賭博。如此一來，與之前內(nèi)容構(gòu)成了轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。另外，該選項(xiàng)中的“Although no such evidence was presented”和上文中的“he would have to present medical/psychological information”語義上銜接緊密，“such evidence”與“medical/psychological informa-tion”形成合理的指代關(guān)系，構(gòu)成篇章的一致性。
53.B 【解析】本題是順接關(guān)系題。該空格出現(xiàn)在第七段，也要求填入一個(gè)完整的段落�？崭袂懊嬲劦酵匪箤�(duì)賭場的控訴，明明知道賭徒已經(jīng)“不可救藥地沉溺于賭博”仍然故意“引誘”(1ure)他“做出違背自己意愿(will)的行為”。空格后引出一個(gè)新話題介紹“病態(tài)賭博行為”的一個(gè)定義。按照邏輯關(guān)系，空格處的內(nèi)容應(yīng)與上一段或下一段相關(guān)。瀏覽各選項(xiàng)，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，選項(xiàng)B中“…what luring was required…was his will operative”再次出現(xiàn)了關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)ure”和“will”，對(duì)前面的內(nèi)容進(jìn)一步作了補(bǔ)充和說明，且提出問題讓下一段回答，正好起到了承上啟下的作用。F項(xiàng) 雖然也再次出現(xiàn)了前一句的“will”，但“用醫(yī)學(xué)的方法來處理行 為問題”與前一段語義上不銜接，故排除。G項(xiàng)提到了“compul-sive behavior”，但其中的新話題“在線賭博”也與上文不銜接。
54.F 【解析】本題是順接關(guān)系題。該空格屬于第九段的段首句�？崭袂懊嫣岬搅恕安B(tài)賭博行為”的一個(gè)定義�？崭窈髣t指出“socie-ty is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.”社會(huì)對(duì)性格缺陷或道德淪喪的新看法。即上下文都從理論上談及賭博，與賭場或賭徒的具體行為不相關(guān)，所以可以排除A、C、E三項(xiàng)。根據(jù)上下文的銜接關(guān)系又可將D、G兩項(xiàng)排除，因?yàn)槠渲?都引入了新信息：政府與網(wǎng)上賭博。8項(xiàng)的“compulsive behav-ior”雖與前面的“uncontrollable”相呼應(yīng)，卻與下文沒有任何關(guān) 聯(lián)。而F項(xiàng)內(nèi)容上也談到了社會(huì)對(duì)意志力薄弱這一行為的新看 法，與前后文都具有意義和邏輯上的一致性。此外，該選項(xiàng)的 “defining as…”與空格后的“reclassifying…as…”結(jié)構(gòu)類似，且 “medicalize”與上文的“diagnostic，mental disorders，，pathologi-cal”和空格后的“physical”都是屬于醫(yī)學(xué)范疇的詞;“weakness of will”與空格后的“character flaws”這一信息相關(guān)。
55.D 【解析】本題是順接關(guān)系題。此空格出現(xiàn)在第十段，要求填入一個(gè)完整的段落�？崭袂懊嬷饕榻B了社會(huì)現(xiàn)在對(duì)“病態(tài)賭博行為”的定義�？崭窈竺鎰t具體描述了賭博在美國的發(fā)展情況以及導(dǎo)致這一現(xiàn)象的原因。根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系分析，空格處的內(nèi)容可 能會(huì)起到承上啟下的作用。分析各選項(xiàng)，可發(fā)現(xiàn)，D選項(xiàng)的第一 句內(nèi)容“…a common feature of American life…a sin，or a social disease”正好承接上文，和下文的具體例子之間也構(gòu)成了總結(jié)例證的邏輯關(guān)系，其中“a sin，or a social disease”與前一句的“char-acter flaws or moral failings”相照應(yīng);第二句則引出了下一段所描述的賭博業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展的現(xiàn)象，且“government”與下一段首句的“states”照應(yīng)。
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