2016年GMAT句子改錯訓練題及詳細分析

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　　1. Laos has a land area about the same as Great Britain but only four million in population, where many are members of hill tribes ensconced in the virtually inaccessible mountain valleys of the north.

　　(A) about the same as Great Britain but only four million in population, where many

　　(B) of about the same size as Great Britain is, but in Laos there is a population of only four million, and many

　　(C) that is about the same size as Great Britain’s land area, but in Laos with a population of only four million people, many of them

　　(D) comparable to the size of Great Britain, but only four million in population, and many

　　(E) comparable to that of Great Britain but a population of only four million people, many of whom

　　答案解析如下：

　　(A)about the same as Great Britain but only four million in population, where many

　　【錯誤1】 比較結構：“about the same as”比較的是“Great Britain”和“land area”，并不可比。

　　【錯誤2】 修飾成分：在GMAT考察的標準書面英語中，“where”用來修飾具體或抽象的方位，但“population”并非是一個方位的概念。

　　(B)of about the same size as Great Britain is, but in Laos there is a population of only four million, and many

　　【錯誤1】 比較結構：類似地，見(A)。

　　【錯誤2】 句子意思：根據(jù)日常邏輯，“many”本意指“很多老撾人”，相比(E)用“many of whom”修飾“people”但本選項的并不能明確地表達這個本意。

　　【錯誤3】 簡潔明了：“there be”結構在GMAT考察的標準書面英語中不具有簡潔性。

　　(C)that is about the same size as Great Britain's land area, but in Laos with a population of only four million people, many of them

　　【錯誤1】 句子意思：“but in Laos with a population of only four million people, many of them……”大意為“但是在有一個400萬人口的老撾中，他們中許多……”，含義遜于(E)中“many of whom……”與“four million people”之間的修飾關系。

　　【錯誤2】 簡潔明了：“that is”、“who is”、“which is”等結構不具有簡潔性。

　　(D)comparable to the size of Great Britain, but only four million in population, and many

　　【錯誤】 句子意思：見(B)中【錯誤2】。

　　(E)comparable to that of Great Britain but a population of only four million people, many of whom

　　【正確】 “that of Great Britain”中的“that”指代“land area”，因此可與“Laos has a land area”中的“a land area”進行比較。“many of whom”引導的定語從句明確地修飾了“four million people”。

　　【最優(yōu)解題思路推薦】

　　老撾的土地面積應與英國的土地面積比較，因此(D)和(E)比較對象平行可比。

　　(E)中后半句中“many of whom”和“four million people”的修飾關系，優(yōu)于(D)中“and many……”的平行結構。因此選擇(E)。

　　2. To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic determinants of fertility.

　　(A) have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic

　　(B) have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical

　　(C) would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical

　　(D) would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economic

　　(E) would have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic

　　答案解析如下：

　　(A)have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic

　　【錯誤】 比較結構：本選項使用了比較句式，比較句式的本質是兩個平行可比的主謂結構在進行比較，只不過其中之一會發(fā)生省略。“demographers have to know a great deal more than now”中“than”的后方連接的是一個省略后僅剩下“now”的主謂結構，由于“than”之前也是一般現(xiàn)在時，所以我們只能認為，“than”后方被省略的主謂結構還原后應完全繼承前半句“demographers have to know”，即“demographers have to know a great deal more than(they have to know)now”，意思是“人口學家不得不知道(一般現(xiàn)在時)比他們現(xiàn)在不得不知道的更多”，表意明顯不合理。相比之下，(E)中的“they do”則是“they know”

　　省略后的結果，表意為“人口學家將不得不(“would”是虛擬語氣，表示實際無法實現(xiàn))比他們現(xiàn)在知道的更多”。

　　(B)have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical

　　【錯誤】 句子意思：“economical”意思是“節(jié)約的'”而非“經(jīng)濟上的”。

　　(C)would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical

　　【錯誤】 句子意思：見(B)。

　　(D)would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economic

　　【正確】 “would have to know a great deal more”表明“To develop more accurate population forecasts”當前條件下實際上是不可能的，虛擬語氣使用合理。

　　【大意】 要進行更加準確的人口預測的話，人口學家將不得不比現(xiàn)在還要更多地了解生育的社會經(jīng)濟決定因素。