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2016年GMAT高分必備知識點(diǎn)
下文為大家整理的是gmat考試高分必備知識:最復(fù)雜的修飾語,獨(dú)立主格,希望對大家有所幫助!
一些GMAT的句子會用到一種復(fù)雜的修飾語即獨(dú)立主格,獨(dú)立主格有名詞和名詞修飾語組成。它不修飾與它相鄰的部分,而是修飾整個主句。如His head held high, Owen walked out of the store.
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)為His head held high,his head是名詞,heldhigh是his head的修飾語,整個獨(dú)立主格修飾后面的主句,描述出Owen是怎么走出去的,所以它在句子中做狀語(adverbial modifier)。
也許有的同學(xué)會認(rèn)為這個獨(dú)立主格修飾的是名詞Owen,尤其是它們兩個是緊挨著的,但是大家不要忽略這一點(diǎn):普通的名詞修飾語的位置是不能隨便換的,而獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的位置則是可以換的,如
Right: Owen walked out of the store, his head held high.
Right: Owen walked out of the store with his head held high.
再看下面的例子
Right: Scientists have found high levels of iridiumin certain geological formations around the world, results that suggest the cataclysmic impact of a meteor millions of years ago.
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)為劃線部分,results是名詞,that從句是results的修飾語;這個獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)不是修飾最近的名詞world而是修飾前面的整個主句,也就是科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)……這件事的結(jié)果。為方便理解,可以將該例句可以寫成兩個句子的形式:Scientists have found high levels of iridium in certain geological formations around the world. These results suggest the cataclysmic impact of a meteormillions of years ago.
但是要記住,如果名詞是which的話,就不能算作是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)了,看下面的例句
Wrong: Scientists have found high levels of iridiumin certain geological formations around the world, which suggests the cataclysmic impact of a meteor millions of years ago.
重申,關(guān)系代詞which must refer to the main noun closest to it. 在日常用語中上述例句是可以接受的,但是在GMAT語法中,該例句就是錯的。
再看下面的例句
Wrong: Scientists have found high levels of iridiumin certain geological formations around the world, AND THIS suggests the cataclysmic impact of a meteor millions of years ago. 這個之所以錯是因為“,+and”不能連接兩個獨(dú)立的句子。
GMAT語法不喜歡this或that單獨(dú)使用,因為它們經(jīng)常造成歧義,GMAT語法喜歡它們與名詞連著用,如these results。If you find yourself wanting to say and this … or and that … to add a second thought, then you need an absolute phrase or another legitimate way to refer to the previous thought.
實際上,你確實有一種更合適的方法來指代前面這個句子,那就是,+ing,如
Right: Scientists have found high levels of iridiumin certain geological formations around the world, SUGGESTING the cataclysmic impact of a meteor millions of years ago.在這種情況下,可以用分詞代替獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。
通常,獨(dú)立主格與主句是用逗號隔開的,但是對于在于句尾的獨(dú)立主格,可以用dash(—)代替逗號。
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