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2016下半年教師資格證考試高中英語真題及答案
教師資格是國家對專門從事教育教學工作人員最基本的要求。教師資格制度是國家對教師實行的一種特定的職業(yè)許可制度。以下是小編精心整理的下半年教師資格證考試高中英語真題及答案，希望對大家有所幫助。
一、單項選擇題(本大題共30小題，每小題2分，共60分)
在每小題列出的四個備選項中選擇一個最佳答案。請用28鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案字母按要求涂黑。錯選、多選或未選均無分。
1. Which of the following shows the proper rhythmical pattern of the sentence?
2. In terms of manner of articulation, the sounds [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g] are__________.
A. affricates
B. fricatives
C. bilabial
D. oral stops
3. The producers of oil and other __________ commodities have an advantage.
A. fragile
B. nonperishable
C. waterproofed
D. stainless
4. Being__________ of money, she managed to save enough for a holiday.
A. economic
B. economical
C. economics
D. economies
5. Farmers are allowed to grow small gardens of their own and they sell their vegetables__________ the black market.
A. on
B. at
C. in
D. for
6. --I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
--Not at all.__________.
A. I've no time
B. I'd like it
C. I'd rather not
D. I'd be happy to
7. Can you imagine the difficulty I had __________ language obstacles I first studied abroad?
A. to overcome
B. overcoming
C. overcome
D. overcame
8.__________your valuable help, we couldn't have finished the experiment ahead of time.
A. If it were not for
B. Had it not been for
C. Were it not for
D. If it has not been for
9. In a factory, Li, the guide, is interpreting for a group of foreign guests. When they have finished visiting one workshop, he would like the group to follow him to the next workshop. He says,“”.
A. This way, please
B. Come here
C. Follow me
D. Move on
10. The relationship between "furniture" and "desk" is__________.
A. hyponymy
B. antonymy
C. synonymy
D. homonymy
11. The core concept of the New Curriculum is __________.
A. promoting the professional teachers' development
B. letting the students choose the course independently
C. advocating the constructivist learning
D. for every student's development
12. Which of the following belongs to the communicative approach?
A. Focus on accuracy.
B. Focus on fluency.
C. Focus on strategies.
D. Focus on comprehension.
13. In a pre-listening activity, students need to learn to cope with some ambiguity in listening and realize that they can still learn even when they do not understand every single word. The aim of this activity is to develop the skill of__________.
A. listening for specific information
B. listening for gist
C. listening for structure
D. listening for vocabulary
14. Which of the following statements is NOT a way of presenting new vocabulary?
A. Defining.
B. Using real objects.
C. Writing a passage by using new words.
D. Giving explanations.
15. When teachers teach pronunciation to students, which suggestion is useless?
A. Use hands and arms to conduct choral pronunciation practice.
B. Move around the classroom when doing choral practice.
C. Try to use visual aids.
D. Rely on explanations.
16. What can cloze help to train in terms of writing?
A. Unity of texts.
B. Indention of texts.
C. Compilation of texts.
D. Use of cohesive devices.
17. What stage can the following grammar activity be used at?
The teacher asked students to arrange the words of sentences into different columns raarked subject, predicate, object, object complement, adverbial and so on.
A. Presentation.
B. Practice.
C. Production.
D. Preparation.
18. When a student said "Yesterday I goed to see a friend of mine", which of the following ways for correcting errors is not encouraged?
A. Oh, yes. I see you went to see a friend of yours.
B. You goed to see your friend?
C. No, not goed. You should say went.
D. Say it again, please.
19. The teacher gives students 2 minutes to skim a text, and when time is up, he asks students to stop and answer some questions. Here the teacher is playing the role of a (an)__________.
A. assessor
B. prompter
C. participant
D. controller
20. When students engaged in group work, the teacher gave feedback after each group had stated their opinion and shown their output. This is called__________.
A. instructing
B. observing
C. monitoring
D. evaluating
請閱讀Passage l，完成第21—25小題。
Passage 1
Crash. Shatter. Boom. Crash. Shatter. Boom. Smattering of silly dialogue. Pretty girl screams:
"Dad! " Crash. Shatter. Boom. Silly dialogue. "DAD!!! " Crash. Shatter. Boom.
What? Oh, sorry. We were falling into a trance there.
Which is, dear moviegoer, what may happen to you during Michael Bay's Transformers: Age of Extinction, the fourth Transformers film and lasts 165 minutes, which is precariously close to the three-hour mark that Bay undoubtedly will reach--by our sophisticated calculations, and at the current growth rate, with his sixth installment.
But let's not get ahead of ourselves. Despite what you've just read, this film will likely be a massive hit because by now, if you're buying a Transformers ticket, you surely know what you're getting into, and you want more, more, more. And Bay is the Master of More.
Or just take it from the l 1-year-old sitting next to me, who reserved any audible judgment--he, too was in a trance, though maybe from sugar intake--until the moment he saw a Transformer become a dinosaur. Overwhelmed by the pairing, he proclaimed, "That's the sickest thing I've ever seen in my life." It was as if peanut butter and jelly had been tasted together for the first time.
This time, there's a whole new human cast. Most important, Mark Wahlberg has replaced Shia LaBeouf as well, Main Human Guy.
A significant part of the movie also takes place in China--clearly a nod to the franchise's huge market in the country.
In any case, we begin in Paris, Texas, where Cade Yeager (Wahlberg), a struggling inventor, is desperately seeking a big discovery. He's also a widowed dad, and super-protective (as the movie incessantly reminds us) of his high-school daughter, Tessa (Nicola Peltz, blond and pretty and ineffective, though the one-note script does her no favours).
One day, Cade buys a rusty old truck. Examining it back home, he soon discovers it's none other than Optimus Prime, the Autobot hero, seriously damaged.
As Cade works on fixing him up, his assistant, wisecracking surfer-dude Lucas, has the dumb idea of calling the authorities. What he doesn't know is that the government is plotting to destroy all remaining Autobots in favour of a man-made army of Transformers. He's being helped in this endeavour by the shadowy KSI Corporation, run by the nasty-but-complicated Joshua Joyce (Stanley Tucci).
So now, it's evil humans that pitted against the trustworthy Autobots. So much for gratitude.
There's also a subplot involving Tessa and her secret boyfriend, Shane (Jack Reynor, underused),whose Irish accent leads Cade to dismissively call him "Lucky Charms"--at least until the two bond in battle.
The obvious question: Is it too much for its own good? Bay is very talented at all things visual,the 3-13 works well and the robots look great. But the final confrontation alone lasts close to an hour. At some point, you may find yourself simply in a daze, unable to absorb any further action into your brain.
21. What can be inferred from the first paragraph?
A. The girl can't understand the movie she was seeing.
B. The girl felt scared about the movie she was seeing.
C. The movie the girl seeing was very thrilling.
D. The girl couldn't find her father.
22. What does the word "trance" (Para. 2) mean?
A. Unconsciousness.
B. Fascination.
C. Scare.
D. Confusion.
23. What did the author mean by saying "... and you want more, more, more. And Bay is the Master of More." (Para. 4)?
A. The audiences are hard to satisfy.
B. Bay is good at producing massive hit.
C. Only Bay can bring audience massive hit.
D. Bay knows about the audience's mind.
24. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A. The audiences don't like the final confrontation.
B. The disadvantages of Transformers 4 are more obvious than advantages.
C. Putting into too much what the director skilled poses negative effect.
D. The director Bay only focuses on the 3-D works.
25. Which of the following statement is wrong?
A. The sixth Transformer may last for 3 hours.
B. The government in the movie wants to set up a man-made army of Transformers.
C. In the movie, KSI Corporation stands by the government.
D. Joshua Joyce has reported the news about Autobot hero to the government.
請閱讀Passage 2，完成第26～30小題。
Passage 2
The British Medical Journal recently featured a strong response to what was judged an inappropriately lenient reaction by a medical school to a student cheating in an examination.
Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense and concepts with face validity.
There is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend. It is reasonable to assume that cheaters in medical school will be more likely than others to continue to act dishonestly with patients,colleagues, insurers, and government.
The behaviours under question are multifactorial in origin. There are familial, religious, and cultural values that are acquired long before medical school. For example, countries, cultures, and subcultures exist where bribes and dishonest behaviour are almost a norm. There are secondary schools in which neither staff nor students tolerate cheating and others where cheating is rampant;there are homes which imbue young people with high standards of ethical behaviour and others which leave ethical training to the harmful influence of television and the market place.
Medical schools reflect society and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society. The selection process of medical students might be expected to favour candidates with integrity and positive ethical behaviour--if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance. Medical schools should be the major focus of attention for imbuing future doctors with integrity and ethical sensitivity. Unfortunately there are troubling, if inconclusive, data that suggest that during medical school the ethical behaviour of medical students does not necessarily improve;indeed, moral development may actually stop or even regress.
The creation of a pervasive institutional culture of integrity is essential. It is critical that the academic and clinical leaders of the institution set a personal example of integrity. Medical schools must make their institutional position and their expectations of students absolutely clear from day one. The development of a school's culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing. Moreover, the school's examination system and general treatment of students must be perceived as fair. Finally, the treatment of infractions must be firm, fair, transparent, and consistent.
26. What does the author say about cheating in medical schools?
A. Extensive research has been done about this phenomenon.
B. We have sufficient data to prove that prevention is feasible.
C. We are safe to conclude that this phenomenon exists on a grand scale.
D. Reliable data about the extent, prevention and management of the phenomenon is lacking.
27. According to the author, it is important to prevent cheating in medical schools because__________.
A. the medical profession is based on trust
B. there is zero tolerance of cheating in medicine
C. the medical profession depends on the government
D. cheating exists extensively in medical schools
28. What does the author say about the cause(s) of cheating?
A. Family, culture and society play an active part.
B. Bad school environment is the leading cause of student cheating.
C. Parents are always to blame for their children's cheating behaviour.
D. Cheating exists primarily because students learn bad things from TV.
29. According to the author, what precautions should medical schools take to prevent students from cheating?
A. Medical schools should establish a firm moral standard to weed out applicants with low integrity.
B. Medical schools should make efforts to remedy the ills of a society.
C. Medical schools should teach future doctors integrity and ethical values.
D. There is nothing medical schools can do to improve the ethical behaviour of their students.
30. The author will probably agree with which of the following statements?
A. Medical schools should make exams easier for the students to alleviate the fierce
competition.
B. Prominent figures in the medical institution should create a set of moral standards to be applied in medical schools.
C. Medical students should play an active role in the creation and preservation of a culture of integrity.
D. Those students who cheat in the exams should be instantly expelled from school.
二、簡答題(本大題1小題，20分)
根據(jù)題目要求完成下列任務(wù)。用中文作答。
31.簡述語法教學中演繹法和歸納法的教學過程及其優(yōu)缺點。
三、教學情境分析題(本大題1小題，30分)
根據(jù)題目要求完成下列任務(wù)，用中文作答。
32.下面是某教師的課堂教學片段：
T: What did your mum do yesterday, Wang Lin?
S: My mum buyed the dress for me.
T: Oh, that is nice. Your mum bought it for you, did she?
S: Yes.
T: Where did she buy it?
S: She buyed it in town.
T: Oh, she bought it in town for you. Well, it is very nice.
請根據(jù)所給材料回答下列三個問題。
(1)學生在對話中的語言錯誤是什么?(6分)
(2)該教師采用什么方式來糾正學生的錯誤?效果如何?(12分)
(3)教師還可以采用哪些方式糾錯?請舉例說明。(12分)
四、教學設(shè)計題(本大題1小題，40分)
根據(jù)提供的信息和語言素材設(shè)計教學方案，用英文作答。
33.設(shè)計任務(wù)：請閱讀下面學生信息和語言素材.設(shè)計一個25分鐘的閱讀訓練活動。
教案沒有固定格式.但須包含下列要點：
teaching objectives
teaching contents
key and difficult points
major steps and time allocation
activities and justifications
教學時間：25分鐘
學生概況：某城鎮(zhèn)普通中學高中一年級學生，班級人數(shù)40人。多數(shù)學生已經(jīng)達到《普通高中英語課程標準(實驗)》五級水平。學生課堂參與積極性一般。
語言素材：
The Road to Modern English
At the end of the 16th century, above five to seven million people spoke English. Nearly all of them lived in England. Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.
Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.
Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English. Look at this example:
British Betty: Would you like to see my flat?
American Amy: Yes, I'd like to come up to your apartment.
So why has English changed over time? Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other. At first, the English language spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today. It was based more on German than the English we speak at present. Then gradually between about AD 800 and1150, English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French. These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary. So by the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. In 1620 some British settlers moved to America. Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia too. English began to speak in both countries.
Finally by the 19th century the language was settled. At that time two big changes in English spelling happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of English language. The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.
English now is also 'spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia. For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.
During that time English became the language for government and education. English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa. Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly. In fact, China may have the largest number of English learners. Will Chinese English develop its own identity? Only time will tell.
真題答案及解析：
一、單項選擇題
1.【答案】A。解析：考查句子重讀。一般來說，句子中的實詞需要重讀，比如名詞、主要動詞(不包括be動詞)、形容詞、副詞、數(shù)詞等。虛詞多數(shù)情況下不重讀，比如代詞、介詞、冠詞、連詞等。另外，句子中要重讀的詞若為雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)詞，重音一般就落在該詞的重讀音節(jié)上，像本句中的expensive就是這種情況。
2.【答案】D。解析：考查輔音的分類。根據(jù)發(fā)音方式不同，英語的輔音可以分為：塞音(stop)、鼻音(nasal)、擦音(fricative)、近音(approximant)、邊音(lateral)、塞擦音(affricate)等。[p]，[b]，[tl，[d]，[k],[g]屬于氣息非常強烈的通過口腔的爆破音，也稱作塞音。
3.【答案】C。解析：考查形容詞辨析。fragile“易碎的”，stainless“不銹的，無瑕疵的”，nonperishable“不易壞的”，waterproofed“防水的.不透水的”。句意為“產(chǎn)石油和其他不易壞物品的生產(chǎn)商有優(yōu)勢”。故選C。
4.【答案】B。解析：考查形近詞辨析。economics意為“經(jīng)濟學”，economies意為“經(jīng)濟”，economic意為“經(jīng)濟上的”，economical意為“節(jié)儉的，合算的.經(jīng)濟的”。根據(jù)句意“由于節(jié)儉，她設(shè)法存夠了度假的錢”可知選B。
5.【答案】A。解析：考查介詞搭配。on the market意為“上市，出售中”，句意為“農(nóng)夫們被允許在自己的菜園耕種.并將蔬菜拿到黑市上去賣”。
6.【答案】D。解析：考查交際用語。根據(jù)句意，可將此對話翻譯為“——我將要出差了，你介意幫我照顧我的貓嗎?——一點也不介意，我很樂意”。故選D。
7.【答案】B。解析：考查慣用搭配。have difficulty(in)doing sth意為“做某事有困難”，the difficulty I had over—coming language obstacles在整個句子中作賓語.I had overcoming language obstacles是省略了關(guān)系代詞that的定語從句.關(guān)系代詞在句中充當賓語。故選B。
8.【答案】B。解析：考查虛擬語氣。本題是與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，如果省略if，句子要倒裝，倒裝時要將助動詞提前.故選B。
9.【答案】A。解析：該題考查在具體語境中恰當?shù)皿w運用語言的能力。導游為外賓帶路時，較為禮貌和合適的說法應(yīng)該是“This way，please.”。故選A。
10.【答案IA。解析：考查語義學中的涵義關(guān)系�！癶yponymy”指“上下義關(guān)系”，“antonymy”指“反義關(guān)系”，synonymy指“同義關(guān)系”，“homonymy"指“同音/形異義”�！凹揖摺焙汀白雷印钡年P(guān)系屬于上下義關(guān)系。fumiture是desk的上義詞(superordinate)，desk是furniture的下義詞(hyponym)。故選A。
11.【答案】D。解析：考查新課標內(nèi)容。新課標的主要核心內(nèi)容是為了學生的一切發(fā)展。故選D。
12.【答案】B。解析：考查交際法相關(guān)知識。交際法注重語言的流利性，故選B。
13.【答案】B。解析：考查聽力教學。在聽前活動中，學生需要學會應(yīng)對聽力過程中模糊不清的內(nèi)容，并且需要意識到當他們不能完全理解每一個單詞的時候仍然可以學習。這屬于培養(yǎng)學生聽主旨的能力，A為聽細節(jié).B為聽主旨，C為聽結(jié)構(gòu)，D為聽詞匯。故選B。
14.【答案】C。解析：考查詞匯教學。呈現(xiàn)新詞匯的方法可以是下定義、實物展示、解釋等。四個選項中只有C項不合適。
15.【答案】D。解析：考查語音教學。當教師在教學生發(fā)音的時候，不可以依賴于解釋。
16.【答案】D。解析：考查寫作教學。在寫作方面，完形填空能幫助學生掌握cohesive device"銜接手段”的使用。
17.【答案】B。解析：考查語法教學內(nèi)容。做句子成分分析常用于語法練習階段。故選B。
18.【答案】C。解析：考查糾錯方式。C項直接指出學生錯誤，容易打擊學生的自信心。A項是重述法，B項是強調(diào)暗示法，D項是重復法，都是對學生錯誤的一種含蓄的糾正。
19.【答案】D。解析：考查課堂管理中教師的角色。教師是課堂教學的調(diào)控者(controller)、促進者(prompter)、參與者(panicipant)、組織者(organizer)、評估者(assessor)、資源提供者(resource.provider)。此處體現(xiàn)的是教師在課堂上的調(diào)控能力.故選D。
20.【答案】D。解析：考查評價行為的概念。教師在每組陳述完觀點后，給出自己的評價和反饋信息，這是評價為(evaluating)。
Passage l
21.【答案】C：解析：聯(lián)系下文可知，本文的主題是電影《變形金剛4》，第一段講到，接連不斷的爆裂聲、粉碎聲、轟隆聲撕裂著最簡單的對白。小姑娘狂呼“爸爸!”由此推知，這部電影場面宏大，效果搶眼，非常震撼人心。
22.【答案】B。解析：文章第一段講到一個女孩觀看《變形金剛4》時異常激動，不斷呼喊“爸爸!”可見，她對該部電影非常著迷，“We were fal]ing into a trance there.”即“只因此刻我們太入迷了�！盉項fascination意為“著迷，入迷”.與trance意思一致，因而可代替trance。
23.【答案】B。解析：要推斷該句的意思，關(guān)鍵是要理解其中more代替的是什么，根據(jù)該句中的“this film will likely be a inassive hit可知.more相當于“more hit”，那么“And Bav is the Master ofMore.”意為“邁克爾·貝是能夠創(chuàng)造這些震撼的一位大師�！边x項中，B項“邁克爾.貝擅長制造巨大的震撼”。符合原文文意，且作者在文中多次提到影片震撼人心的效果.可見，他意在肯定該部影片導演的實力。
24.【答案】C。解析：文章最后一段開頭講到“，nle obvious question：Is it too much for its own good?”。即有個問題顯而易見：是不是在自己的優(yōu)勢方面費時過多?接著展開來講，影片最后的對峙持續(xù)了有將近一個小時，雖然場面宏大，效果震撼。但持續(xù)時間太長，以至于觀眾到最后感覺眼花繚亂，再也看不下去。該段中心句是第一句，也就是導演在自己擅長的方面投入太多。進而產(chǎn)生了負面影響。C項正確。
25.【答案】D。解析：A項意為“《變形金剛6》可能會持續(xù)3小時”，這與文章第三段部分內(nèi)容相對應(yīng)，故正確;B項意為“影片中.政府想要打造人造變形金剛部隊。”這與第十一段中“What he doesn’t know is that the govelllment is plotting to destrov all remaining Autobots in favonr of a man.made army of Transformers.”部分內(nèi)容對應(yīng)：C選項意為“影片中，KSI公司支持政府的行動”.這與第十一段中“He’s being helped in this endeavour by the shadowy KSI Corporation”相對應(yīng)：D項意為“約書亞.喬伊斯向政府報告了擎天柱的消息”，文中并未提到，故不正確。
Passage 2
26.【答案】D。解析：根據(jù)文章第一段第二句“…we have insufficient reliable data about the extent ofthis phe.nomenon，its prevention，or its effective management…”可知，到目前為止，我們還不是很了解醫(yī)學院作弊現(xiàn)象的嚴重程度，也不甚明了該如何對此類現(xiàn)象進行預防和管理。既然目前所掌握的數(shù)據(jù)是不充足的，那么選項A、B、C所說的都不符合文章的原意，故均為錯誤選項。故選D。
27.【答案】A。解析：作者在第二段說，人們一致認為，醫(yī)學的基礎(chǔ)就是誠信。在醫(yī)學院作弊的學生通常比其他人更容易做出欺騙病人、同事和政府的事情。因此.醫(yī)學以誠信為本的性質(zhì)就決定了對醫(yī)學院的作弊行為應(yīng)該堅決打擊。B項說的是打擊作弊行為的結(jié)果.而不是原因。C項“醫(yī)學依靠政府”.D項“醫(yī)學院中作弊行為普遍存在”.都不符合文章內(nèi)容。
28.【答案】A。解析：作者在討論作弊現(xiàn)象的根源時，結(jié)論是，作弊現(xiàn)象存在的原因是多方面的。學生在上醫(yī)學院之前受到的家庭、社會和文化的熏陶在很大程度上決定他們是否會在考試中作弊。也就是選項A的內(nèi)容。選項B、C、D的說法雖然都有道理，但是都過于絕對。學校的環(huán)境、家長的教育、電視的影響，雖然都起到一定作用.但是都不能說是決定性的。
29.【答案】C。解析：A項“醫(yī)學院應(yīng)該確立明確的道德標準，淘汰道德素質(zhì)低下的申請者”是錯誤選項。因為文章談到如何甄別申請醫(yī)學院學生的道德素質(zhì)的時候.作者用的是虛擬語氣“if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance”.即如果能有可靠的標準.能預先了解學生的道德水平，醫(yī)學院在錄取的時候應(yīng)該照顧那些恪守道德準則的學生。可見目前并沒有這樣的標準可循。B項和文章的內(nèi)容相反，因為文章明確地說“Medical schools…cannot be expected to reinedy all the ills of a society.”。D項不正確，因為文章的本意是，醫(yī)學院的學生在學期間，道德素質(zhì)不僅不會提高。而且可能下降。但是作者并沒有說.醫(yī)學院在提高學生素質(zhì)方面無計可施，而是敦促學校采取相應(yīng)措施，增強未來醫(yī)師們的道德感.故選C。
30.【答案】C。解析：C項和文章最后一段的“The development of a school’s culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing”相呼應(yīng)。A項不正確.因為作者沒有建議醫(yī)學院應(yīng)該降低考試難度。B項的敘述不準確.因為作者的本意是醫(yī)學界的杰出人物應(yīng)該樹立楷模，而不是讓他們設(shè)定一套人人遵循的行規(guī)。D項不正確，作者僅提議醫(yī)學院對違反道德準則學生的處罰應(yīng)該是堅決、公正、透明和統(tǒng)一的。作者并沒有明確倡議一旦有作弊行為就將其開除出校。
二、簡答題
31.【參考答案】
采用演繹法教授語法，教師首先直接講解語法規(guī)則并舉例說明，然后讓學生進行各種替換練習、句子練習等訓練。這種教學方式講解清楚，易于理解。比較適合具有強烈學習動機的學習者。但是在這種方式下，學生對教師的依賴性比較強，學到的語言知識也容易遺忘。演繹法注重形式而非使用，學生處于被動學習的狀態(tài)。采用歸納法教授語法.教師讓學生首先接觸含有語法規(guī)則的語境.然后根據(jù)上下文的信息歸納出語法規(guī)則。這種方法可以增加學生和語言的接觸，有助于激發(fā)學生的參與。使學生理解語法所適用的語境、所表達的含義以及所承載的功能，分析歸納總結(jié)語言使用規(guī)律，深化學生對用法的理解，有助于學生分析能力和注意力的培養(yǎng)。但是使用歸納法教授語法，對學生和教師的要求都很高，學生必須能夠主動學習，愿意動腦筋，否則會對規(guī)則的印象不深.難以鞏固。
三、教學情境分析題
32.【參考答案】
(1)該學生犯了13語語法錯誤，用錯了動詞過去式的形式。即My mum buyed the dress for me.buyed→bought，She buyed it in town.buyed→bought。
(2)該教師采用了重述法(Recasts)來糾正學生的錯誤。教師對學生語言表達中的錯誤進行了含蓄糾正。即先進行部分肯定之后用正確的語言重述學生的表達，不指出錯誤，而通過不同的語氣(如反問)、語調(diào)、眼神、動作等，讓學生自己意識到自己的錯誤。此糾錯技巧對于糾正學生口語中的語法錯誤比較有效。
(3)①直接糾錯法(Explicit Correction)
當學生出現(xiàn)語言錯誤時，教師打斷語言訓練或?qū)嵺`活動，對其錯誤予以正面糾正(說出正確的語言形式。并讓學生改正)。這種糾錯方式常用于旨在讓學生掌握正確的語言形式而進行的機械操練或側(cè)重語言精確輸出的各種練習中。教師可用以下課堂用語：You should say…/No，you shouldn’t say that…/Read after me./Pay attention
to…/Oh，you mean…，We don’t say…in English，we say…等，例如：
T：What did you do last night?
S：I go to see a movie with my parents.
T：Oh.You should say“I went to see a movie with my parents”.
S：Oh.sorry.1 went to see a movie with my parents.
②強調(diào)糾錯法(Pinpointing)
教師重復學生的話.有意重讀并拖長出錯部分的發(fā)音或用升調(diào)以表示特別強調(diào)。這種方法常用于學生的自我糾錯。這樣既能糾正學生的口語錯誤，保證學生順利進行口頭敘述，又能顧及學生的自尊心，促進他們參與口語活動的積極性。例如：
T：Where did you go on vacation this summer?
S：I go to Hong Kong for my vacation.
T：You go to Hong Kong?
S：Oh.1 went to Hong Kong for my vacation.
③重復糾錯法(Repetition)
教師發(fā)現(xiàn)學生的語言錯誤后，可以要求學生重新回答，并使用“Once more./Pardon?/Repeat please."等對學生加以引導。例如：
S：Xiao Liu is watch TV.
T：He is watch TV?Pardon?
S：Xiao Liu is watching TV.
T：Right!Go on please.
教師在糾正學生的口語錯誤時，不應(yīng)僅限于一種糾錯方法。在選擇糾錯的方式上，應(yīng)綜合考慮教學效果，學習者的語言水平、性格特點以及情感因素，做到多種糾錯方法靈活運用。除以上幾種方法外，還有追問法、等待法、反饋法等多種糾錯法。
總之.在英語課堂上教師應(yīng)對學生口語錯誤的嚴重程度以及產(chǎn)生錯誤的原因認真進行分析，充分把握好糾錯的時機，采取靈活多樣的糾錯策略，幫助學生克服因出現(xiàn)錯誤而造成的語言障礙，發(fā)展自我糾錯能力，提高口語水平。
四、教學設(shè)計題
33.【參考設(shè)計】
Class Type: Reading class
Teaching Contents: The Road to Modern English
Teaching Objectives:
(1) Knowledge objective
Students can learn the development of English and the reasons that English has changed over time.
(2) Ability objective
Students can master predict the content of the text according to the tide and improve their reading abilities through the process of skimming and scanning.
(3) Emotional objective
Students can have a deeper impression of the popularity of English, realize the importance of learning English and have a higher motivation to learn it.
Teaching Key and Difficult Points:
How to make students predict before reading, get the general idea and the specific information while reading.
Major Steps:
Step 1 Pre-reading (6 minutes)
Activity 1 Guessing game
The teacher asks students to guess the meanings of the sentences which are written in old English.
As fair art thou, my bonnie lass,
So deep in luve am I;
And I will luve thee still, my dear,
Till a' the seas gang dry.
Then the teacher explains the background knowledge of the sentences.
(Justification: The guessing game can arouse students' interest in the topic and activate the class attnosphere.
Students will realize that the old English is different from modern English when talking about the meaning of these sentences written in old English, which will get them mentally prepared for the reading comprehension.)
Activity 2 Prediction
Ask students to make a prediction according to the title of the text.
(Justification: Students' predictions will get their mind closer to the theme of the text to be read and make their reading more intriguing and purposeful.)
Step 2 While-reading (12 minutes)
Activity I Skimming
The teacher asks students to read the text, check if they have made the right predictions and try to match the general idea of each paragraph.
Choose one or two groups to show their understanding, give comments and make a summary:
Paragraph 1Many people all over the world speak English.
Paragraph 2Why has English changed over time?
Paragraph 3English is now spoken in South Asia.
Paragraph 4Native speakers can understand each other even if they don' t speak the same kind of English.
Paragraph 5Finally by the 19th centurythe language was settled.
Then the teacher checks the answers.
(Justification: This step will help students confirm or reject their predictions and get the main idea of the text.)
Activity 2 Filling in the blanks
The teacher asks students listen to the recording of the text, underline the phrases that have something to do with the time and then fill in the form.
Then the teacher checks the answers.
(Justification: In the process of filling the form, students' reading skill of scanning for the detailed information will be improved, and it will help student understand the text logically.)
Step 3 Post-reading (7 minutes)
Activity 1 Retelling
T: Suppose you are an English teacher, and you have to give a brief introduction of the development of modern English to your students.
Then the teacher asks one of them to show his/her retelling.
Activity 2 Group discussion
The teacher lets students discuss the question why has English changed over time in groups and asks some of them to share their opinions in class.(The answers may vary. But it doesn't matter what their answers may be. The most important thing is to encourage them to express their own thoughts.)
The teacher then makes a summary and emphasizes the importance of learning English.
(Justification: Retelling will make students have a better understanding of the text, and the group discussion will encourage them to express their opinions freely.)
拓展：
教師資格證《中學教育知識與能力》考試真題
一、單項選擇題(本大題共21小題，每小題2分，共42分)
1.在教育史上，重視實科教育，主張學生學習的自覺性，強調(diào)教育為完美生活做準備的的教育家是()。
A.夸美紐斯 B.赫爾巴特 C.斯賓塞 D.杜威
2.在兒童身心發(fā)展存在縞素發(fā)展期，某一時期某一方面的發(fā)展特別迅速而在其他階段相對平穩(wěn)。這一現(xiàn)象體現(xiàn)了兒童身心發(fā)展的那一階段?()
A.順序性 B.階段性 C.個別差別差異性 D.不平衡性
3.明確提出“長善救失” “教學相長” “不陵節(jié)而施”“臧息相輔”等重要的思想的文獻是( )
A.《論語》 B.《學記》 C.《孟子》 D.《大學》
4.在教育目的價值取向問題上，主張教育是為了使人增長智慧，發(fā)展才能，生活更加從充實幸福的觀點屬于( )
A.個人本位論 B.社會本位論 C.知識本位論 D.能力本位論
5.世界各國的學制存在著差異，但在入學年齡，中小學分段等方面卻又較高的一致性。這說明學制的建立主要依據(jù)( )。
A.社會政治經(jīng)濟制度 B.生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展水平
C.青少年身心發(fā)展規(guī)律 D.名族和文化傳統(tǒng)
6.學生在小學教學課程中通過測量或拼圖學習三角形的內(nèi)角和為180度，在中學教學課程中通過證明學習三角形的內(nèi)角和為180度。這種課程內(nèi)容的組織形式是( ).
A.直線式 B.螺旋式 C.縱向式 D.橫線式
7.某沿海城市在義務(wù)教育階段的學校全面開設(shè)海洋教育課程，這種課程屬于( )。
A.國家課程 B.地方課程 C.校本課程 D.生本課程
8.李老師在語文課上，按照組織教學，檢查復習，講授新教材，鞏固新教材，布置課外作業(yè)的程序進行教學。這體現(xiàn)了哪一類型的課的結(jié)構(gòu)( )
A.單一課 B.綜合課 C .練習課 D.復習課
9.古希臘哲學家蘇格拉底創(chuàng)立了“產(chǎn)婆術(shù)”。它體現(xiàn)的主要教學方法是( )。
A.講授法 B.討論法 C.談話法 D.演示法
10.有同學在班上丟了30元壓歲錢，如何解決這個問題呢?王老師通過講“負荊請罪”的故事，教育拿了錢的同學像廉頗將軍一樣知錯能改，不久犯錯誤的同學把錢偷偷的歸還了失主。王老師采用的德育方法是( )。
A.榜樣示范法 B.品德評價法 C.實際鍛煉法 D.個人修養(yǎng)法
11.班主任陳老師通過生杏的酸澀和熟杏的香甜來教育一位早戀的初三女生，告訴她，談戀愛和吃杏子是一樣的道理。中學生還沒有生長成熟，此刻若談戀愛，就如同吃生杏子一般，只能又苦又澀：只有到成熟后再去品嘗，才會香甜可口，無比幸福。從而使這位女生從早戀中走了出來。這體現(xiàn)了德育的那一原則?( )
A.知行統(tǒng)一原則 B.長善救失原則 C.有的放矢原則 D.疏導原則
12.學習游泳之前，小蘭通過閱讀書籍記住了一些與游泳相關(guān)的知識。小蘭對游泳知識的記憶是( )。
A.陳訴性記憶 B.程序性記憶 C.瞬時記憶 D.短時記憶
13.小軍由于“銳角三角形”知識掌握不好而影響了“鈍角三角形”知識的掌握，這種現(xiàn)象屬于( )。
A.縱向遷移 B.橫向遷移 C.順應(yīng)遷移 D.重組遷移
14.小馬上課時害怕回答問題，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己坐在教室后排時可減少老師提問的次數(shù)，于是，他總坐在教室后排，下列哪種強化方式導致了小馬愿意坐在后排?( )
A.正強化 B.負強化 C.延遲強化 D.替代強化
15.小星判斷道德問題時，不僅能依據(jù)規(guī)則，而且能出于同情和關(guān)心做出判斷，根據(jù)皮壓杰道德認知發(fā)展理論，小星的道德認知發(fā)展處于( )。
A.自我中心階段 B.權(quán)威階段 C.可逆階段 D.公正階段
16.中學生曉楠極端爭搶好勝，性格急躁，富有競爭意識，外向，常常處于緊張狀態(tài)，很難使自己放松，小楠的人格屬于( )。
A.A型人格 B.B型人格 C.C型人格 D.D型人格
17.小強期中考試失利，但是他沒有氣餒，而是認真分析了失敗原因，找到了問題，確定了新的方向，小強這種對待挫折的方式是( )。
A.宣泄 B.升華 C.補償 D.認知重組
18.中學生小艾上學前總是反復檢查書包，如果不檢查，他就難受，明知該帶的文具都帶了，就是控制不住，小強這種對待挫折的方式是( )。
A.抑郁癥 B.焦慮癥 C. 強迫癥 D.恐懼癥
19.華老師認為課堂管理是教學的一部分，[億師學整理]課堂管理本身可以教給學生一些行為準則，使學生從他律走向自律，使學生逐步走向成熟，這主要說明課堂管理具有那一項功能( ).
A.維持功能 B.導向功能 C.發(fā)展功能 D.調(diào)節(jié)功能
20.每學期開學前，王老師總是根據(jù)自己所教班級人數(shù)，課時量以及備課資料知否充分等來安排自己的教學方式與教學進度，根據(jù)布勒與布朗的觀點，王老師處于教師成長的哪個階段?( )。
A.關(guān)注生存 B.關(guān)注情境 C.關(guān)注學生 D.關(guān)注自我
21.老師經(jīng)常自覺的對自己的講課過程進行分析，進行全面深入的歸納和總結(jié)，以不斷的改善自覺的教學行為，提高自覺的教學水平，李老師的做法基于下列哪種專業(yè)發(fā)展方式( )
A.教學實施 B.教學研究 C.自我發(fā)展 D.教學反思
二、辨析題(本大題共4題，每小題8分，共32分)判斷正誤，并判斷理由。
22.教學具有自身的發(fā)展規(guī)律，不受社會發(fā)展的制約。
23.知識越多，能力越強。
24.接受學習一定是意義學習。
25.根據(jù)科爾伯格的觀點，道德發(fā)展的階段性是固定的，相同年齡階段的人都能達到同樣的發(fā)展水平。
三、簡答題(本大題共4小題，每小題10分，共40分)
26.簡述班主任培養(yǎng)班集體的主要方法?
27.我國新一輪基礎(chǔ)教育課程改革的具體目標有哪些?
28.簡述短時記憶特點。
29.簡述學校心理輔導的原則。
四、材料分析題(本大題共2小題，每小題18分，共36分)閱讀材料，并回答問題
30.材料：
周老師總是認真的給學生寫評語，把它作為教育學生的途徑，他給班上一名淘氣學生寫了一首打油詩：“小趙同學有頭腦。就是不愛用正道;上課愛做小動作，插 話接舌瞎胡鬧;學習態(tài)度不大好，學習成績不大妙;你若聰明應(yīng)知道，有才不用是草包，勸你來期趕緊改，否則成績更糟糕�！毙≮w閱后哈哈大笑，也回老師一打油 詩：“老師寫的好，老師寫的妙;小趙一定改，決不當草包;不做小動作，頭腦用正道;[億師學提供]若是做不好，隨你老師敲!”
小張迷戀 電腦游戲，周老師用心良苦，巧妙把他比喻為電腦，給他的評語是：“該主機硬盤超過80G，內(nèi)存2G，運行絕大多數(shù)游戲非常流暢，反應(yīng)靈敏;顯卡強大，畫面 質(zhì)量甚高;整體配置非常優(yōu)良，但該機音效設(shè)定不良，常常該發(fā)聲沒有聲音，要安靜時卻發(fā)出雜音;另外屏保時間設(shè)定過短，老師一分鐘沒動作，就進入休眠狀態(tài)， 修理修理，還是好用的�！焙髞恚埜牡袅嗣詰儆螒虻拿�，對電腦硬件也產(chǎn)生了興趣。
小黃語文水平高，但有些浮躁，周老師給他的評語如 下：“汝生于書香門第，通達明理，開朗樂觀，時有非常之事，亦曾處之泰然，好學善守。然汝時有蹉跎之意，數(shù)情煩甚。若不熟讀圣賢之書，以致學識淺薄，泯然 眾人，豈不哀哉，痛哉!”小黃閱后，心服口服，決心靜下來，堅持勤奮讀書。
問題：
(1)周老師給學生寫的評語體現(xiàn)了那些德育原則?
(2)請結(jié)合材料加以分析。
31.材料：
小明和小羅今年高三，是一對好朋友。兩人在處理問題的認知風格方面有較大差異。小明在學習上遇到問題時，常常利用個人經(jīng)驗獨立的對其進行判斷，喜歡用概 況與邏輯的方式分析問題，很少受到同學與老師建議的影響。而小羅遇到問題時常常表現(xiàn)與小明相反，他更愿意傾聽老師和同學們的建議，并以他們的建議作為分析 問題的依據(jù)。另外，他還善于觀察言觀色，關(guān)注社會問題。
問題：
(1)結(jié)合材料分析小明和小羅的認知風格差異。
(2)假如你是他們的老師，如何根據(jù)認知風格差異展開教學?
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