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2016年商務(wù)英語考試閱讀技巧：經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展
商務(wù)英語考試閱讀題型中，涉及經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的文章是閱讀當(dāng)中的重點(diǎn)。今天，小編就帶大家一起來看看經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的閱讀文章，商務(wù)英語考試該如何表達(dá)。
在英美經(jīng)貿(mào)報(bào)刊中，關(guān)于國際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易發(fā)展和預(yù)測其發(fā)展趨勢的文章占據(jù)相當(dāng)大的比重。這些文章除在內(nèi)容上具有涉及范圍廣泛的特點(diǎn)外，在文章的表達(dá)方式上也具有鮮明的特點(diǎn)。比如，有關(guān)國際經(jīng)貿(mào)發(fā)展及預(yù)測其發(fā)展趨勢的文章通常涉及各種指數(shù)的變化和比較，而這些指數(shù)變化的文字表達(dá)構(gòu)成該類文章的一大特點(diǎn)。掌握這些特點(diǎn)，無疑對迅速而準(zhǔn)確地理解文章的內(nèi)容起到十分重要的作用。
下面我們就先來歸納一下有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易發(fā)展方面常用的表達(dá)方式。
描述經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易的發(fā)展無非是上升、下降和趨勢平穩(wěn)三種情況，再加上各種指數(shù)之間的比較以及表達(dá)"約估"這個(gè)概念，來看以下的歸納總結(jié)：
一、有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易發(fā)展方面常用的表達(dá)方式：
1. 上升情況
例：Also, fourth-quarter consumer spending appears to be perking up. After strong 0.8% advance in September, October retail sales rose 0.2%. The gain was modest, but excluding car dealers, sales increased a strong 0.4%.
此外，第四季度消費(fèi)者消費(fèi)額趨于上揚(yáng)。零售指數(shù)在九月份以0.8%的比例強(qiáng)勁增長后，十月份又上漲了0.2%。利潤雖然不多，但除汽車銷售外，銷售額有0.4%的大幅增長。
例：Consumer outlays surged 1% in May, followed by a 0.4% advance in July.
消費(fèi)者的消費(fèi)額5月份上升1%，6月份上升0.4%。
常用于描述上升趨勢的短語有：
an increase / to increase
a rise / to rise
a gain / to gain
an upward movement / to go up
a jump / to jump
a peak / to (hit) reach a peak / to peak
a growth / to grow
a hike / to hike
a leap / to leap
a soaring / to soar
a surge in/ to surge
2. 下降情況
例：The Nation's purchasers said industrial activity declined in August, and the government composite index of leading indicators fell 0.2% in July.
全國的購買商稱：八月份的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)下降，政府主要指標(biāo)的綜合指數(shù)七月份下降了0.2%。
例：The unemployment rate dipped from 5.7% in July back to 5.6% - its June reading - but the non-farm workweek was cut, and hourly wage fell.
失業(yè)率從七月份的5.7%下降至六月份的5.6%，但非農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)的周工作時(shí)間縮短，時(shí)工資降低。
常用于表示下降趨勢的短語有：
a dip / to dip to
a decline / to decline
a drop / to drop
a decrease / to decrease
a collapse / to collapse
a cut / to cut
a downward movement in / go down
a fall off / to fall off
a leveling off / to level off
a low point / to reach a low point
a slip in / to slip off
a slump in / to slump
a slide / to slide
3. 趨勢平穩(wěn)
例：After falling sharply in the previous two years, the unemployment rate has hardly moved since April. August unemployment stood at 8.2% and the annual pace of weekly earnings slowed to 3.25%.
失業(yè)率在過去兩年急劇下降的情況下，四月份以來幾乎沒有變化。八月份的失業(yè)率保持在8.2%，而年均周收入增長速度七月份降至3.25%。
例：The economic expansion will most likely continue at a modest pace, turning into one of the longest ever in peacetime. But growth could slow to a crawl.
經(jīng)濟(jì)增長很可能以較小的幅度(適度)增長，成為和平時(shí)期以來持續(xù)最長的一次經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。但此增長速度可能會變得如爬行一般。
例：Measured against the currencies of the major industrial countries, the dollar is likely to hover about where it is for several calendar quarters at least.
用主要工業(yè)國家的度量衡量，至少在以后的幾個(gè)季度里，美元匯率可能在目前水平上徘徊。
二、西方經(jīng)貿(mào)報(bào)刊中常使用的比較手法
1. 一般比較
例：Foreign trade, however, remains at a negative. The July trade deficit widened further to $11.56billion, from $$11.3billion in June. Imports fell 1.7%, but exports dropped 2.3%. The trade gap began the third quarter wider than its second-quarter reading.
外貿(mào)處于負(fù)增長。七月份的貿(mào)易赤字繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大，由六月份的113億美元上升至115億美元。進(jìn)口額下降了1.7%，但是出口也跌落了2.3%。第三季度貿(mào)易逆差比第二季度增大。
例：But if the budget cuts look credible - and if the economy is no peppier than it is now - look for lower rates by year end.
但如果預(yù)算削減成為可能--如果經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況與現(xiàn)在相比沒有轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)--年底可望利率下調(diào)。
2. 對比與變化程度的表達(dá)
例：Japan's exports of steel grew 1.4-fold, making it the largest exporter by a considerable margin.
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