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2016年托福考試語法詞匯專項(xiàng)習(xí)題及答案
1. _________ denotes currency in circulation plus bank deposits.
A. The term “money supply”
B. The term is “money supply”
C. When the term “money supply”
D. “Money supply” is the term
答案：A
分析：缺主語。B，D中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)謂語，一定錯(cuò)。C中when多余，使得句子不完整。
參考譯文：術(shù)語貨幣儲(chǔ)備是指流通貨幣加上銀行存款。
2. The Franklin stove， invented around 1742， ________， originally with a partially open front， and was designed to fit into a fireplace.
A. was made of cast iron
B. cast iron was made of
C. cast of iron was made
D. was of iron made cast
答案：A
分析：invented around 1742為插入語，2個(gè)was為并列謂語。be made of 為固定搭配。
參考譯文：Franklin火爐發(fā)明于1742年，是用鐵澆鑄的，原先前面可以部分打開，而且設(shè)計(jì)成能正好裝進(jìn)壁爐。
3. A few species of mushrooms cause death or serious illness _________.
A. having eaten
B. that they are eaten
C. are eaten
D. when eaten
答案：D
分析：狀語從句的省略結(jié)構(gòu)。省略條件：由特定的狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞：although， though， even though， if， when， while， as， whether; 從句為主系表結(jié)構(gòu);從句主語和主句主語一致。省略方式：要同時(shí)省略主語和系動(dòng)詞。原句為：…… when mushrooms are eaten.
參考譯文：吃了一些種類的蘑菇會(huì)造成死亡或重大疾病。
4. Some critics maintain _________ the mystery novel is a symbolic ritual of guilt and retribution.
A. is that
B. that there is
C. it is
D. that
答案：D
分析：that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。A，C中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞，錯(cuò);B中that引導(dǎo)的從句出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞，錯(cuò)。
參考譯文：一些評(píng)論家認(rèn)為神秘小說是罪與罰象征性的儀式
5. _________ all cherry trees are very attractive when in bloom， some species with inferior fruit are cultivated especially for their flowers.
A. Although
B. There are
C. It is
D. That
答案：A
分析：后面句子完整，且出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞，此處缺連接詞。
參考譯文：盡管所有的櫻桃樹在開花的時(shí)候都很美麗，但它們中的一些不結(jié)果的種類專門種植用來觀賞他們的花的。6. _________ the percentage of individuals with similar traits in succeeding generations， geneticists use the theory of probability.
A. The calculation of
B. To calculate
C. Is calculating
D. Calculated
答案：B
分析：to calculate，這里用不定式表示“目的”，前半句的邏輯主語是geneticists，只有B符合要求;A中只有主語，句子不完整。
參考譯文：遺傳學(xué)家運(yùn)用概率的理論來計(jì)算在后代中擁有相似特點(diǎn)個(gè)體占有的百分比。
補(bǔ)充： 如同A的形式， 逗號(hào)前面就是一個(gè)名詞短語， 然而正確的句子里， 名詞短語要么作為主語的同位語， 要么本身是主語， 如11題。 否則就是脫離句子成分， 成為錯(cuò)誤。
7. Big-band uaaz relies on fixed arrangements， where_______than one instrument playing some of the parts， rather than on improvisation.
A. is more
B. whenever more
C. there is more
D. more
答案：C
分析：where引導(dǎo)狀語從句，后面缺主謂。
參考譯文：大型樂隊(duì)爵士依賴于固定的安排，其中演奏相同部分音樂的樂器超過一個(gè)，而不是現(xiàn)聲發(fā)揮。
8. Because of _________ diversity， seven separate groupings or divisions of algae have been established by botanists.
A. them
B. so that
C. those
D. their
答案：D
分析：those是泛指，這里應(yīng)該用their來特指seven separate groupings or divisions of algae.
參考譯文：因?yàn)楹Ｔ鍌兊牟煌匦裕参飳W(xué)家把他們分成7個(gè)不同的組別或分支。
9. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body.
A. in disease
B. that disease
C. of disease
D. about disease
答案：B
分析：動(dòng)詞believe 的用法：直接加that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。這里that為連接adv.，在句中不作任何成分，其后接完整句。
參考譯文：大多數(shù)殖民時(shí)期的醫(yī)生認(rèn)為疾病來源人體內(nèi)不平衡的體液。
10. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.
A. she was the first woman to conduct
B. the first woman conductor
C. the woman was first conducting
D. the woman conducts first
答案：B
分析：缺賓語，答案中只有B，D可以作賓語，但D的語序不對(duì)。
參考譯文：1976，Sarah Caldwell成為在第一個(gè)在紐約Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家。
補(bǔ)充： 常考 the first/second/… one to do sth
11. On January 7， 1955， Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a major role at New York City’s Metropolitan Opera House.
A. the first African American
B. the first African American was
C. she was the first African American
D. when the first African American
答案：A
分析：缺賓語，C， D都不能作賓語。一句話中只能有一個(gè)謂語，而B中有was，句中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)謂語，一定錯(cuò)。
參考譯文：1955年1月7號(hào)，Marian Anderson成為在第一個(gè)在紐約Metropolitan Opera House擔(dān)任主唱的美籍黑人。
12. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United States， _________ when massive highway-building programs permitted greater suburban growth.
A. and accelerated a phenomenon
B. a phenomenon that accelerated
C. accelerating a phenomenon which，
D. the acceleration of which phenomenon
答案：B
分析：考的是同位語結(jié)構(gòu)，a phenomenon是 the decentralization of cities throughout the United States 的同位語。A中and為conj.，后面應(yīng)該連接一個(gè)完整的句子，但缺主語，錯(cuò);C中語序混亂，錯(cuò); D中of which作為介詞賓語，后面應(yīng)該接一個(gè)完整句，但只有一個(gè)phenomenon主語，句子不完整，錯(cuò)。
參考譯文：可能戰(zhàn)后最重大的趨勢就是美國城市的分散化，當(dāng)大規(guī)模高速公路建設(shè)項(xiàng)目容許了更大程度的發(fā)展郊區(qū)，這個(gè)現(xiàn)象更被促進(jìn)了。
補(bǔ)充： accelerate/ accomplish/ achieve/ evolve都可以是vi.不接賓語
13. Ronald Reagan had served two terms as governor of California before _________ President.
A. he became
B. when becoming
C. became
D. did he become
答案：A
分析：before為狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞conj，后面一般引導(dǎo)一個(gè)完整的句子。B同時(shí)出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞，錯(cuò);C缺主語;D應(yīng)該為正常語序，選項(xiàng)中使用了倒裝句式，錯(cuò)。
14. Frances Perkins， _________ of the United States cabinet， served in the cabinet as secretary of labor from 1933 to 1945.
A. the first female member
B. was the first female member
C. the first female member who
D. of whom the first female member
答案：A
分析：主語同位語結(jié)構(gòu)。B中多了一個(gè)謂語was，因?yàn)楹竺嬉呀?jīng)有一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞served， 一個(gè)句子中出現(xiàn)2個(gè)謂語且沒有連接詞就一定錯(cuò); C中who多余，用法也不正確;D中of whom多余，不是定語從句，考的是同位語結(jié)構(gòu)。
參考譯文：Frances Perkins，是美國內(nèi)閣的第一為女性成員，她從1933到1945年在內(nèi)閣擔(dān)任勞工部秘書。
15. When _________ to dough and heated， carbon dioxide is released， causing the dough to rise.
A. is added baking powder
B. added baking powder is
C. is baking powder added
D. baking powder is added
答案：D
分析：When為狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞;語序應(yīng)該為正常語序，A，C錯(cuò);B語序混亂，明顯應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)形式，而且有固定結(jié)構(gòu)add to.
參考譯文：當(dāng)把烘烤用粉加到面團(tuán)里加熱的時(shí)候，會(huì)釋放出二氧化碳，使得面團(tuán)漲開。
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