2017托�？荚囬喿x理解模擬題
不少人文應(yīng)該做好托福閱讀，首先小編認(rèn)為必要的練習(xí)是不可以缺少的。下面，小編送給大家一篇2017托�？荚囬喿x理解模擬題，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
In the North American colonies, red ware, a simple pottery fired at low temperatures, and stone ware, a strong, impervious grey pottery fired at high temperatures, were produced from two different native clays. These kinds of pottery were produced to supplement imported European pottery. When the American Revolution (1775-1783) interrupted the flow of the superior European ware, there was incentive for American potters to replace the imports with comparable domestic goods. Stoneware, which had been simple, utilitarian kitchenware, grew increasingly ornate throughout the nineteenth century, and in addition to the earlier scratched and drawn designs, three-dimensional molded relief decoration became popular. Representational motifs largely replaced the earlier abstract decorations. Birds and flowers were particularly evident, but other subjects — lions, flags, and clipper ships — are found. Some figurines, mainly of dogs and lions, were made in this medium. Sometimes a name, usually that of the potter, was die-stamped onto a piece.
As more and more large kilns were built to create the high-fired stoneware, experiments revealed that the same clay used to produce low-fired red ware could produce a stronger, paler pottery if fired at a hotter temperature. The result was yellow ware, used largely for serviceable items; but a further development was Rockingham ware — one of the most important American ceramics of the nineteenth century. (The name of the ware was probably derived from its resemblance to English brown-glazed earthenware made in South Yorkshire.) It was created by adding a brown glaze to the fired clay, usually giving the finished product a mottled appearance. Various methods of spattering or sponging the glaze onto the ware account for the extremely wide variations in color and add to the interest of collecting Rockingham. An advanced form of Rockingham was flint enamel, created by dusting metallic powders onto the Rockingham glaze to produce brilliant varicolored streaks.
Articles for nearly every household activity and ornament could be bought in Rockingham ware: dishes and bowls, of course; also bedpans, foot warmers, cuspidors, lamp bases, doorknobs, molds, picture frames, even curtain tiebacks. All these items are highly collectible today and are eagerly sought. A few Rockingham specialties command particular affection among collectors and correspondingly high prices.
1. Why did the potters discussed in the passage change the kind of pottery they made?
A) They discovered a new kind of clay.
B) They were compensation for the loss of an overseas supplier.
C) They studied new techniques in Europe.
D) The pottery they had been producing was not very strong.
2. The word "ornate" in line 7 is closest in meaning to
A) elaborate
B) puzzling
C) durable
D) common
3. The passage suggests that the earliest stoneware
A) was decorated with simple, abstract designs
B) used three-dimensional decorations
C) was valued for its fancy decorations
D) had no decoration
4. How did yellow ware achieve its distinctive color?
A) by sponging on a glaze
B) by dusting on metallic powders
C) by brown-glazing
D) by firing at a high temperature
5. The phrase "derived from" in line 19 is closest in meaning to
A) ruined by
B) warned against
C) based on
D) sold by
6. The word "It" in line 20 refers to
A) red ware
B) yellow ware
C) Rockingham ware
D) English brown-glazed earthenware
7. The word "Various" in line 21 is closest in meaning to
A) complicated
B) accepted
C) careful
D) different
8. The phrase "account for" in line 22 is closest in meaning to
A) explain
B) restrict
C) finance
D) supplement
9. What was special about flint enamel?
A) its even metallic shine
B) its mottled appearance
C) its spattered effect
D) its varicolored streaks
10. Which of the following kinds of Rockingham ware were probably produced in the greatest quantity?
A) picture frames
B) dishes and bowls
C) curtain tiebacks
D) doorknobs
11. The passage would most probably continue with a discussion of
A) what bedpans, foot warmers, and cuspidors were used for
B) well-known, modern-day potters who make Rockingham ware
C) examples of Rockingham ware that collectors especially want
D) pieces of Rockingham ware that are inexpensive in today's market
參考答案：BAADC CDADB C
附：托福閱讀理解做題方法
1.做題總則：
文章大致看完之后，才能開始做題。做題時(shí)，應(yīng)牢記以下幾點(diǎn)：
(1)每篇文章的題目基本上根據(jù)文章布局一步一步向前推進(jìn)，即使有個(gè)別題打亂文章布局，在題干里總是有提供信息的關(guān)鍵詞將考生帶入文章的具體部位。
(2)做題時(shí)，根據(jù)題干或選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞回歸文章尋找重現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞或其釋義的語(yǔ)言區(qū)域，同時(shí)排除相應(yīng)的選項(xiàng)。
(3)到難句子時(shí)，最直接有效的方式就是對(duì)其進(jìn)行句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析，迅速把握整個(gè)句子的意思，不要盯著單個(gè)的詞不放，不然就會(huì)因小失大。
(4)每個(gè)問題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)或者是對(duì)文章中相關(guān)部分的正確釋度、或者是歪曲原文、或者與原文毫不相干。換句話說，命題專家在設(shè)置試題時(shí)會(huì)玩一些文字游戲，用各種表達(dá)形式讓考生暈頭轉(zhuǎn)向、霧里看花。考生應(yīng)該明白自己的職責(zé)是辨別真?zhèn)�，找到合符文章意思和題意的選項(xiàng)。
2.區(qū)別對(duì)待幾種題：
(1)主旨題。主旨題有三種：A、作者的意圖;B、文章標(biāo)題;C、文章的中心思想。這種題一般為第一道題，建議考生把這道題放在最后做，因?yàn)樽銎渌}時(shí)，考生會(huì)逐步了解文章的各個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，在做題的過程中就會(huì)對(duì)文章個(gè)總的理解，最后處理主旨題可謂水到渠成、萬無一失。
(2)列舉題。列舉題有兩種：A、一正三誤;B、三正誤。也可分為四類。第一類：一句話列舉。根據(jù)某個(gè)選項(xiàng)的語(yǔ)言提示，回歸文章找到一句話，這句話包含三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容;第二類：局部列舉。根據(jù)題意，回歸文章發(fā)現(xiàn)連續(xù)兩三句話涉及三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容;第三類：段落列舉。題干語(yǔ)言在某自然段首句重現(xiàn)。這個(gè)句子為段落主題句，即三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容在這段出現(xiàn)，不涉及到其他段落;第四類：文章列舉。選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容涉及整個(gè)文章。一句話列舉題和段落列舉題有明顯的信號(hào)詞幫助答題，根據(jù)題序做題，不必區(qū)別對(duì)待。文章列舉題和局部列舉題則應(yīng)放其他題做完之后再處理。
(3)文章結(jié)論題。文章結(jié)論題即根據(jù)文章可以推斷出下面哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)結(jié)論是正確的，題干沒有任何語(yǔ)言信號(hào)詞。這種題有以下幾種布局：為文章第一道題時(shí)，相當(dāng)于文章主旨題，應(yīng)放在最后一道題時(shí)，有可能針對(duì)文章最后部分，也有可能針對(duì)整篇文章，但不大可能涉及文章其他部分的細(xì)節(jié)。所以文章結(jié)論題應(yīng)該具體情況具體分析，并不一定是面對(duì)整個(gè)文章。
(4)作者態(tài)度題。作者態(tài)度題分為兩種：A、局部作者態(tài)度題;B、整體作者態(tài)度題。文章最后一道題問及作者態(tài)度時(shí)為整體作者態(tài)度題，它涉及通篇文章，要根據(jù)整個(gè)文章數(shù)個(gè)語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)串起來的一根主線答題，也就是作者行文的口氣�？忌f不可以根據(jù)某一個(gè)語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)答題，因?yàn)檎w作者態(tài)度題不是考核某一個(gè)點(diǎn)，而是考整體感覺。局部作者態(tài)度題位置比較靈活，往往問及作者對(duì)文章中某一個(gè)具體內(nèi)容的看法，題干通常信號(hào)請(qǐng)將考生帶回文章某一區(qū)域，考查考生對(duì)某個(gè)語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)的理解。有時(shí)候，某個(gè)選項(xiàng)從作者的表達(dá)相悖，因此，做作者態(tài)度題時(shí)，考生一定注意不要把自己作為讀者的分析、觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)加于作者。
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