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關(guān)于新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)語(yǔ)法匯總
《新概念英語(yǔ)》在中國(guó)有40多年的歷史，每年有數(shù)百萬(wàn)不同層次不同類型的學(xué)習(xí)者，已成為英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者的必選讀物。以下是百分網(wǎng)小編為大家整理的新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)語(yǔ)法匯總，歡迎閱讀!
新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)語(yǔ)法1
一、表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的方式
1.用形容詞“very”，“single”等表示強(qiáng)調(diào)
e.g.Red Army fought a battle on this very spot.
紅軍就在此地打過(guò)一仗。
Not a single person has been in the office this afternoon.
今天下午竟然沒(méi)有一個(gè)人來(lái)過(guò)辦公室。
2.用反身代詞表示強(qiáng)調(diào)
e.g.I myself will see her off at the station.
我將親自到車站為她送行。
You can do it well yourself.
你自己能做好這件事情。
3.用助詞“do”表示強(qiáng)調(diào)
e.g.The baby is generally healthy，but every now and then she does catch a cold.
那孩子的健康狀況尚好，但就是偶爾患感冒。
Do be quiet.I told you I had a headache.
務(wù)必安靜，我告訴過(guò)你，我頭疼。
4.用副詞“very”，“only”，“even”，“too”等表示強(qiáng)調(diào)
e.g.He drank it to the very last drop.
他把它喝得一干二凈。
Only in this way can we wipe out the enemy troops.
只有用這樣的方法我們才能消滅敵軍。
He didn't answer even my letter.
他甚至連我的信都未回。
I will too go!我要去的!
5.用“...and that”，“...and those”，“not...too much”，“否定加否定”等結(jié)構(gòu)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)
e.g.They fulfilled the task，and that in a few days.
他們?cè)趲滋靸?nèi)完成的就是那項(xiàng)任務(wù)。
I gave her some presents，and those the day before yesterday.
前天我送給她的就是那些禮物。
I can't thank you too much.我無(wú)論怎樣感謝你都不過(guò)份。
I am not unfaithful to you.我對(duì)你無(wú)比忠誠(chéng)。
二、if從句
if從句
新概念英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中if從句是一個(gè)重點(diǎn)也是個(gè)難點(diǎn)。If引導(dǎo)從句形式多樣、含義多變，在生活中使用頻率極高的從句。本文詳細(xì)歸納了if從句的主從句的邏輯關(guān)系，幫助大家正確理解、把握和使用if從句。
一、if引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，表示”如果...”，”假使...”。
if引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)就現(xiàn)在,過(guò)去,未來(lái)可能實(shí)現(xiàn)之事加以推測(cè)。
例如：If I win a lot of money I'll buy you a mink coat.如果我贏了錢，我會(huì)給你買件貂皮大衣(新概念一冊(cè)第137課)。
If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it.
如果你把車停在不應(yīng)該停的地方，交警會(huì)找到你的(新概念第二冊(cè)第16課)。
二、if用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣中
1.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反:
從句動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式，主句用would/could/should/might+動(dòng)詞原形。
例如：If I were you, I would ask him his telephone number.如果我是你，我會(huì)問(wèn)他的電話號(hào)碼的。
If I were you, I would help him 如果我是你,我會(huì)幫助他。
2.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反：
從句had+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞，主句would/could/should/might+have+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。
例如：If I had known, I wouldn't have done it. 假使我知道,我就不會(huì)做那件事。
If you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner! 如果你少說(shuō)多吃，我們都會(huì)很享受那頓晚餐的!(新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)第40課)
3. 與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反：
從句should/were to + 動(dòng)詞原形，主句would/could/should/might+動(dòng)詞原形
例如：If it should rain, the crops might be saved. 如果下雨，莊稼就有救了。
If it should rain tomorrow, I shall not [shan't, won't] come 萬(wàn)一明天下雨,我就不來(lái)。
三、if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，表示“是不是...”基本等同于whether
例如：Ask him if it is true 問(wèn)他那是不是真的
I wonder if he is in the school 我不知道他是否在學(xué)校
三、虛擬語(yǔ)氣
虛擬語(yǔ)氣分三種情況來(lái)掌握：
1、虛擬條件句。
2、名詞性虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
3、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的其他用語(yǔ)。
一、虛擬條件句：
條件狀語(yǔ)從句是非真實(shí)情況，在這種情況下要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
1、條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不一致，其句型為：
If 主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去時(shí)，主語(yǔ)+should(could, would, 或might)+動(dòng)詞原形，如：
If I were you, I would study hard.
If it rained, I would not be here now.
2、條件從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)不一致，句型為：
If 主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞，主語(yǔ)+should(could, would, 或might)+have+過(guò)去分詞，如：
If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved.
If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term.
3、條件從句與將來(lái)事實(shí)不一致，句型為：
+do，主語(yǔ)+should(could…)+ 原形 do
過(guò)去時(shí)(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)條件句一樣)。
If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.
If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry.
注意問(wèn)題：
1、If條件句中絕對(duì)不可出現(xiàn)“would”。
2、根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，有時(shí)可能出現(xiàn)“混合虛擬”的情況，即主句可能是現(xiàn)在的情況，條件句也許是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的情況，但都是遵守上述句型。
3、在條件句中如果出現(xiàn)were, had, should可省去if，將主語(yǔ)與這些詞倒裝，例如：
Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.
Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.
Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
二、名詞性虛擬語(yǔ)氣：
在表示命令、建議要求、驚嘆時(shí)的名詞性從句中需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，基本句型：主語(yǔ)+(should)+動(dòng)詞原形，如：Mother insisted that John go to bed at 9 o’clock.(賓語(yǔ)從句)
We suggested that the meeting should not be held.
It was required that the crops should be harvested at once.(主語(yǔ)從句)
The suggestion that he be invited was rejected.(同位語(yǔ)從句)
That is their demand that their wages be increased.(表語(yǔ)從句)
注意：在這種句子中絕不出現(xiàn)“would”“must”“could”等。
三、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在一些特殊詞中的使用或含蓄條件句：
1、wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句：
與現(xiàn)在愿望不一致 主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去時(shí);I wish I were you.
與過(guò)去愿望不一致 主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞;I wish I had visited the white House when I was in the states.
與未來(lái)愿望不一致 主語(yǔ)+would(could)+原形。I wish I could meet you tomorrow at the party.
2、It’s time句型：當(dāng)It’s time后用that從句時(shí)應(yīng)該為：主語(yǔ)+should+原形 或 主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去時(shí)，例如：
It’s time that you went to school. 或It’s time that you should go to school.
3、If only引起的感嘆句相當(dāng)于“How I wish+賓語(yǔ)從句”
If only he could come! 他要能來(lái)就好了。
If only I had known the answer! 我要早知答案就好了。
4、would rather, as if(though)引導(dǎo)的句子也需使用虛擬，表示過(guò)去的情況用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示現(xiàn)在與將來(lái)的情況用過(guò)去時(shí)，如：
I’d rather you posted the letter right away.
I’d rather you had returned the book yesterday.
She loves the children as if they were hers.
Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there.
5、without, but, but for, otherwise引起的短語(yǔ)或句子常暗含著含蓄條件。
Without you, I would never know him.
But for your cooperation, we wouldn’t have done the work so well. = If it were not for your cooperation, we we wouldn’t have done the work so well.
注： without / but for … = If it weren’t not for…/ If it hadn’t been for …., sb …..
But that she was afraid, she would have said no.
I would be most glad to help you, but I’ am busy now.
I am busy now; otherwise I would do you the favor!
四、名詞
一、名詞的種類：
1、專有名詞：
1)China, Japan, Beijing, London, Tom, Jack(不加冠詞)
2)the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the People’s Republic of China, the United States等。(由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞，要加定冠詞。)
2、普通名詞
1)不可數(shù)名詞
注意：?不可數(shù)名詞前一般不加冠詞，尤不加不定冠詞：若加a(an)則使之具體化了。
如：have a wonderful time.
?不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。
?不可數(shù)名詞一般無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)形式。部分物質(zhì)名詞在表不同類別時(shí)，可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
如：fishes, newspapers, waters, snows……
| | |
各種各樣的`魚 各種報(bào)紙 河湖、海水 積雪
有些抽象名詞也常用復(fù)數(shù)，變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)的具體的事物。如：times時(shí)代，works著作，difficulties困難
在表數(shù)量時(shí)，常用“of”詞組來(lái)表示。如：a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper….
2)可數(shù)名詞：
可數(shù)名詞除用復(fù)數(shù)形式表一類之外，一般都要加冠詞：A birdcaufly.
The frog is a kind of hibernating animal.
Vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh.
有復(fù)數(shù)形式：
a)規(guī)則變化——加“s”或“es”(與初中同，略)
b)不規(guī)則變化——child (children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men),
woman (women), mouse (mice), goose (geese), Englishman (Englishmen),
phenomenon(phenomena)…
注意：
c)單、復(fù)數(shù)同形：sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, fish(同一種魚)……。如，a sheep, two sheep
d)只用復(fù)數(shù)形式： thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, shoes,…
e)形復(fù)實(shí)單：physics, politics, maths, news, plastics(塑料)，means.
f)形單實(shí)復(fù)：people (人民，人們)，the police, cattle等
g)集合名詞如：family, public, group, class等。當(dāng)作為整體時(shí)，為單數(shù);當(dāng)作為整體中的各個(gè)成員時(shí)，為復(fù)數(shù)。如： My family is a big one. My family are music lovers.
h)復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，
(a)只把復(fù)合名詞中的主體各詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。如：sister(s)-in-law嫂子，弟妹;step-son (s)繼子;editor (s) -in-chief總編輯。
(b)如沒(méi)有主體名詞則在最后一個(gè)詞的后面加“s”。如：grown-up(s)成年人，go-between(s)中間人
(c)woman, man作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，要與被修飾的名詞的數(shù)一致。如：a man servant—men servants, a woman doctor—women doctors
二、名詞的所有格：
1、表有生命的東西(人或動(dòng)物)的名詞所有格，一般在名詞后加“’s”。如：Mike’s bag, Children’s Day, my brother’s room, women’s rights…
注意：1)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的詞尾是-s或-es，它的所有格只在詞后加“s”。如：Teachers’ Day, the workers’ rest-home(工人療養(yǎng)院)，the students’ reading-room
2)復(fù)合名詞的所有格，在后面的詞后加“’s”。如：her son-in-law’s photo(她女婿的照片);anybody else’s book(其他任何人的書)
3)如果一樣?xùn)|西為兩人或兩人以上共有，則在最后的一個(gè)名詞后面加“’s”; 如果不是共有，則每個(gè)詞后都要加“’s”。如：Jane and Helen’s room. 珍妮和海倫的房間(共有). Bill’s and Tom’s radios. 比爾的收音機(jī)和湯姆的 收音機(jī)(不共有)
4)表地點(diǎn)(店鋪，某人的家等)的名詞所有格后面，一般省去它所修飾的名詞。如：the tailor’s (裁縫鋪) the doctor’s (診所) Mr Brown’s (布朗先生的家)
5)有些表時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家、城鎮(zhèn)的無(wú)生命的名詞，也可加“’s”表所有格。
如：half an hour’s walk (半小時(shí)的路程) China’s agriculture (中國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè))
2、表示無(wú)生命的東西的名詞一般與of構(gòu)成詞組，表示所有格。如：the cover of the book
3、表示有生命的東西的名詞也可以用of，特別是名詞較長(zhǎng)，有較多的定語(yǔ)時(shí)。如：
the story of Dr Norman Bethune
Do you know the name of the boy standing at the gate?
4、“of詞組+所有格”的用法：
在表示所屬物的名詞前有冠詞、數(shù)詞、不定代詞或指示代詞(如：a, two, some, a few, this, that, these, those等)時(shí)，常用“of詞組+所有格”的形式來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系。如：
a friend of my father’s 我父親的一位朋友。
some inventions of Edison’s 愛(ài)迪生的一些發(fā)明
those exercise-books of the students’ 學(xué)生們的那些練習(xí)本。
五、時(shí)態(tài)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：
1 表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
2 表示現(xiàn)階段正在做的事
3 表示將要做的事
結(jié)構(gòu)：主 + am/is/are + doing
一般過(guò)去時(shí)：過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
結(jié)構(gòu)： 主 + did
一般將來(lái)時(shí)： 表示對(duì)將來(lái)的打算
結(jié)構(gòu)： 主 + will/shall + do
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： 表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響的動(dòng)作
結(jié)構(gòu)： 主 + have/has done
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)： 表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
結(jié)構(gòu): 主 + was/were + doing
將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí): 表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
結(jié)構(gòu): 主+ will/shall + be doing
過(guò)去完成時(shí): 表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)之前已經(jīng)完成 (過(guò)去的過(guò)去，通常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)互為主從句)
結(jié)構(gòu)： 主 + had done
將來(lái)完成時(shí): 表示到未來(lái)某一時(shí)間將已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作
結(jié)構(gòu)： 主 + will/shall + have done
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí): 表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響
結(jié)構(gòu)： 主 + have/has + been doing
將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示狀況將一直持續(xù)到說(shuō)話人所提及的時(shí)間
結(jié)構(gòu)：主 + will have + been doing
過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去更早的某一時(shí)間段內(nèi)持續(xù)進(jìn)行，并對(duì)過(guò)去產(chǎn)生影響。
結(jié)構(gòu)：主 + had + been doing
新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)語(yǔ)法2
分詞
1．分詞的性質(zhì)：
具有形容詞性質(zhì)，可以在句中擔(dān)任表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)、狀語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，且動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行：過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)，或動(dòng)作已完成。
2．分詞的形式：
例： write (vt) rise (vi)
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 主動(dòng) 過(guò)去分詞
時(shí)態(tài)
現(xiàn)在時(shí) writing being written rising risen /
完成時(shí) having written having been written having risen /
3．分詞的用法：
（1）定語(yǔ) 分詞置于被修飾名詞前
分詞短語(yǔ)于置于被修飾名詞后
a sleeping baby = a baby who is sleeping
a running dog = a dog which is running
a broken glass = a glass which is broken
a beaten team = a team which is beaten（beaten 是被打敗的'意思）
This is the problem discussed at the last meeting.
The problem being discussed is very important.
�。�2）表語(yǔ)：The book is interesting.
He is interested in the book.
The news is exciting.
He feels excited.
�。�3）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：
When I woke up, I found my mother sitting beside me.
I'd like to havethis package weighed.
掌握精髓：動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程，而現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)概念。
�。�4）狀語(yǔ)：（以下例句值得一背！）
�、� If you turn to the left, you'll find the station.
→ Turning to the left, you'll find the station.
② As I didn't receive her letter, I called her up by telephone.
→ Not receiving her letter, I called her up by telephone.
�、� While I was walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.
→ Walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.
�、� When she was asked it she had any bad habit, she answeredthat she was a heavy smoker.
→ Asked if she had any bad habit, she answered that she was a heavy smoker.
你知道嗎？注意：在運(yùn)用此類句型時(shí)主語(yǔ)前后要保持一致。
�、� Whenschool was over, the boys went home.
→ Being over, the boys went home. ×
School being over, the boys went home. √
�、� As my homework has been done, I have nothing else to do.
→ My homework having been done, I have nothing else to do.
�、� Ifweather permits, I'll start tomorrow.
→ Weather permitting, I'll start tomorrow.
�、� I fwe judge from his face, he must be ill.
→ Judging from his face, he must be ill.（這里應(yīng)該是 we judging ...，但若主語(yǔ)是we, one, you表示“一般人”，主語(yǔ)可省略）
實(shí)際上，這里涉及到獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)問(wèn)題，以后在作分解！
4．分詞的時(shí)態(tài)：
現(xiàn)在分詞一般時(shí)表示此動(dòng)作與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生。
現(xiàn)在分詞完成時(shí)表示此動(dòng)作在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生。
Entering the room, hesaw he. （幾乎同時(shí)）
Not having tried his best, he failed in the exam. （分詞動(dòng)作在前）
5．語(yǔ)態(tài)：現(xiàn)在分詞一般時(shí)被動(dòng)表動(dòng)作正在被進(jìn)行，完成時(shí)被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞所表示的動(dòng)作先被完成。
The ships being loaded and unloaded belong to us.
Having been warned of typhoon, the fishermen sailed for the nearest harbor.（漁民先被告知而后駛向港口）
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