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GMAT語(yǔ)法講解：狀語(yǔ)從句
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狀語(yǔ)從句的省略:
a)正確形式:
表示時(shí)間/條件/轉(zhuǎn)折/讓步的連詞(when/while/if/unless/although/even though/even if) + 形容詞短語(yǔ)/-ing短語(yǔ)/-ed短語(yǔ)
(邏輯主語(yǔ)等于句子主語(yǔ)) (所以when a child/ when children是錯(cuò)的; if + n.也是錯(cuò)的)
b)錯(cuò)誤形式:表示時(shí)間/條件/轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞 + 介詞短語(yǔ)/名詞短語(yǔ) (although just inside the orbit of Jupiter是錯(cuò)的)(OG10-69)
c)特殊情況:once可以加介詞短語(yǔ)/名詞短語(yǔ); whatever可以加名詞短語(yǔ)
d) 狀語(yǔ)從句省略的條件：
第一點(diǎn)是毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的：邏輯主語(yǔ)等于句子主語(yǔ)
第二點(diǎn)也是必須的：從句的謂語(yǔ)必需是be(沒(méi)要求主句謂語(yǔ)也必須是be!換句話說(shuō)可以看成是省略了一個(gè)be)，且從句主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)要么同省，要么同留。
pronounce固定搭配
pronounce sb/sth (as) sth/adj:
The victim was pronounced dead on arrival.
I now pronounce you man and wife.
amount
不能修飾可數(shù)名詞
The amount of unemployed capital is very large.
未被利用的資金數(shù)量很大。
The railroad gives free transportation for a certain amount of baggage.
鐵路免費(fèi)運(yùn)送的行李是有一定數(shù)量的。
It all amounts to a lot of hard work.
那一切意味著大量艱苦工作。
economic和economical
economic 是”經(jīng)濟(jì)上的”，economical是”節(jié)約的”。
1)economic [only before noun]PE relating to trade, industry, and the management of money
Economic growth is slow.
the governments economic policy
Economic reform is needed.
In the current economic climate (=conditions), we must keep costs down
2) economical =cheap or not wasteful.
possibility的固定搭配:
possibility (that)
Theres always a possibility that he might go back to Seattle.
possibility for/of (doing) something
exciting possibilities for reducing costs
Archer began to explore the possibilities of opening a club in the city.
錯(cuò)誤搭配：possibility to do sth.
view固定搭配：
view sth. as sth.
而view sth. to be sth.錯(cuò)誤。
announce固定搭配：
(1) announce something to somebody 或者 announce to somebody something (相當(dāng)于賓語(yǔ)后置)
(2) announce a decision/intention/plan (在這個(gè)時(shí)候如果plan等后面接to do不會(huì)產(chǎn)生to do做狀語(yǔ)修飾announce的歧義)*:The government has announced plans to create 10,000 new jobs.
(3) announce (that)
(4) announce somebody/yourself 通報(bào)...的到達(dá);通知...已準(zhǔn)備好(注意這個(gè)短語(yǔ)有專門(mén)意思)
錯(cuò)誤用法：
(1) announce to do/be sth. 【錯(cuò)誤】
limit的固定搭配：
n. : limit on sth.; limit to do sth.; limit for sb./sth.
Theres a limit on the time you have to take the test.
The time limit for making claims is three months.
Theres no age limit for applicants.
Theres a limit to what we can do to help.
vt.: limit sb. to sth.; limit sth. (to sth.); be limited to sth
狀語(yǔ)從句的練習(xí)題
由從句擔(dān)任的狀語(yǔ)，在句子中可修飾謂語(yǔ)（或其它動(dòng)詞）、形容詞、副詞或是整個(gè)句子，它可以用來(lái)表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、比較、讓步等。狀語(yǔ)從句是一較大的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，也是近幾年高考題中常見(jiàn)的一個(gè)重要試點(diǎn)。高考中已考查了時(shí)間、讓步、地點(diǎn)、條件、目的等狀語(yǔ)從句，這些從句仍是今后高考熱點(diǎn)，應(yīng)作充分準(zhǔn)備。同時(shí)對(duì)方式狀語(yǔ)從句也應(yīng)引起重視。
�。ㄒ唬⿻r(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)從句可由when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或the moment ), by the time, no sooner … than, hardly (scarcely) … when, every time等引導(dǎo)。 e.g. When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting.
He started as soon as he received the news. Once you see him, you will never forget him. No sooner had I gone to bed than I went to sleep.
�。ǘ┰驙钫Z(yǔ)從句
原因狀語(yǔ)從句是表示原因或理由的，引導(dǎo)這類從句的最常用的連詞是because, since, as , now that（既然）等，for 表示因果關(guān)系時(shí)（它引導(dǎo)的不是從句）為并列連詞，語(yǔ)氣不如because強(qiáng)。
e.g. He is disappointed because he didnt get the position.As it is raining, I will not go out. Now that you mention it, I do remember.
�。ㄈ┑攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句
引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞是where 和wherever等。
e.g. Sit wherever you like.
Make a mark where you have a question.
�。ㄋ模┠康臓钫Z(yǔ)從句
引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句最常用的詞（組）是so, so that（從句謂語(yǔ)常有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）, in order that, in case（以防，以免）等。
She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons. He left early in case he should miss the train.
（五）結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句
結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句是表示事態(tài)結(jié)果的從句，通常主句是原因，從句是結(jié)果。由so that （從句謂語(yǔ)一般沒(méi)有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）, so … that, such … that等引導(dǎo)。
e.g. She was ill, so that she didn’t attend the meeting.He was so excited that he could not say a word. She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.
（六）條件狀語(yǔ)從句
條件狀語(yǔ)從句分真實(shí)性（有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情）與非真實(shí)性（條件與事實(shí)相反或者在說(shuō)話者看來(lái)不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情）條件句。引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的詞（組）主要有if, unless, so (as) long as, on condition that, so (as) far as, if only ( = if )。注意：條件從句中的if 不能用whether替換。
e.g. If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch. You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean. So far as I know（據(jù)我所知）, he will be away for three months. You can go swimming on condition that ( = if ) you don’t go too far away from the river bank.
If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her.
�。ㄆ撸┳尣綘钫Z(yǔ)從句
讓步狀語(yǔ)從句可由although, though, as, even if (though), however, whatever, whether … or, no matter who (when, what, …) 等引導(dǎo)。注意：as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句一般是倒裝的。
e.g. Though he is a child, he knows a lot.Child as he is, he knows a lot. Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say, I’ll never change my mind.
�。ò耍┓绞綘钫Z(yǔ)從句
方式狀語(yǔ)從句常由as, as if (though), the way, rather than等引導(dǎo)。 e.g. You must do the exercise as I show you. He acted as if nothing had happened.
�。ň牛┍容^狀語(yǔ)從句
比較狀語(yǔ)從句常用than, so (as) … as, the more … the more等引導(dǎo)。 e.g. I have made a lot more mistakes than you have.
He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford. The busier he is, the happier he feels.
�。ㄊ┦褂脿钫Z(yǔ)從句時(shí)要注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題
1、在時(shí)間和條件（有時(shí)也在方式、讓步等）從句中，主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。
e.g. We’ll go outing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. I’ll write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai. 2、有些時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式或讓步從句，如果從句的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致（或雖不一致，是it），從句的謂語(yǔ)又包含動(dòng)詞be ，就可省略從句中的“主語(yǔ) + be”部分。
e.g. When (he was) still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night.If (you are) asked you may come in. If (it is) necessary I’ll explain to you again. 3、注意區(qū)分不同從句：引導(dǎo)的是什么從句，不僅要根據(jù)連詞，還要根據(jù)判別。以where為例，能引導(dǎo)多種從句。
e.g. You are to find it where you left it.（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句） （定語(yǔ)從句，句中有先行詞） I don’t know where he came from.（賓語(yǔ)從句） （主語(yǔ)從句） This place is where they once hid.（表語(yǔ)從句）
選擇填空：
1. I’ll let you know ____ he comes back.
A. beforeB. because C. as soon as D. although
2. She will sing a song ____ she is asked.
A. if B. unlessC. forD. since
3. We will work ____ we are needed.
A. whenever B. because C. sinceD. wherever
4. Read it aloud _____ the class can hear you.
A. so thatB. if C. when D. although
5._____ you go, dont forget your people.
A. WheneverB. However C. Wherever D. Whichever
6. It is about ten years _____ I met you last.
A. since B. forC. when D. as
7. They will never succeed, _____ hard they try.
A. because B. however C. when
8. _____ still half drunk, he made his way home.
A. WhenB. Because C. Though
9. _____ she was very tired, she went on working.
A. AsB. Although C. Even
10. Busy _____ he was, he tried his best to help you.
A. asB. whenC. since
11. I learned a little Russian _____ I was at middle school.
A. though B. although C. as if
12. _____ we got to the station, the train had left already.
A. If B. UnlessC. Since
13. _____ the rain stops, we 11 set off for the station.
A. BeforeB. UnlessC. As soon as
14. She was _____ tired _____ she could not move an inch.
A. so, that B. such, that C. very, that
15. We didn’t go home _____ we finished the work.
A. since B. untilC. because
16. Ill stay here _____ everyone else comes back.
A. even if B. as though C. because
17. Although its raining, _____ are still working in the field.
A. they B. but they C. and they
18. Speak to him slowly _____ he may understand you better.
A. since B. so thatC. for
19. Youll miss the train ______ you hurry up.
A. unlessB. asC. if
D. since D. As D. In spite of D. for D. when D. When D. Though D. so, as D. though D. until D. so they D. because D. until
20. When you read the book, you d better make a mark _____ you have any questions.
A. at which B. at where C. the place D. where
21. Wed better hurry ______ it is getting dark.
A. andB. butC. asD. unless
22. I didn t manage to do it _____ you had explained how.
A. untilB. unlessC. whenD. before
23._____ he comes, we wont be able to go.
A. Without B. UnlessC. ExceptD. Even
24. I hurried _____ I wouldnt be late for class.
A. since B. so thatC. as if D. unless
25. _____ I catch a cold, I have pain in my back.
A. Every time B. Though C. EvenD. Where
26. Whats the matter _____ they still havent answered the telegram?
A. when B. thatC. thoughD. however
27. Bring it nearer _____ I may see it better.
A. although B. even though C. so thatD. since
28. You may arrive in Beijing early _____ you mind taking the night train.
A. thatB. thoughC. unlessD. if
29. Helen listened carefully _____ she might discover exactly what she needed.
A. in thatB. in order that C. in caseD. even though
30. More people will eat out in restaurants _____ they do today.
A. thanB. whenC. whileD. as
31._____ hard she tries, she can hardly avoid making mistakes in her homework.
A. Much B. However C. AsD. Although
32. Poor _____ it may be, there is no place like home, _____ you may go.
A. as; wherever B. though; whenever C. in spite of; when D. that; wherever
33. The child was __ immediately after supper.
A. enough tired to go to bed
C. so tired that he went to bed
B. too tired to go to bed D. very tired, he went to bed
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