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英語(yǔ)閱讀專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練題及解析
提高英語(yǔ)閱讀理解能力需要經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)期的訓(xùn)練，下面百分網(wǎng)小編給大家準(zhǔn)備了一篇閱讀理解專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練題及詳細(xì)解析，來(lái)閱讀練習(xí)一下吧!
>>>>>>閱讀練習(xí)<<<<<<
Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.
All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.
Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.
Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.
Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man’s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy-bear.” And even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.
But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child’s babbling (咿呀學(xué)語(yǔ)), grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child’s non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.
>>>>>>習(xí)題<<<<<<
1. The purpose of Frederick II’s experiment was ________.
[A] to prove that children are born with the ability to speak
[B] to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech
[C] to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak
[D] to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language
2. The reason some children are backward in speaking is most probably that ________.
[A] they are incapable of learning language rapidly
[B] they are exposed to too much language at once
[C] their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak
[D] their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them
3. What is exceptionally remarkable about a child is that ________.
[A] he is born with the capacity to speak
[B] he has a brain more complex than an animal’s
[C] he can produce his own sentences
[D] he owes his speech ability to good nursing
4. Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?
[A] The faculty of speech is inborn in man.
[B] Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning.
[C] The child’s brain is highly selective.
[D] Most children learn their language in definite stages.
5. If a child starts to speak later than others, he will ________.
[A] have a high IQ
[B] be less intelligent
[C] be insensitive to verbal signals
[D] not necessarily be backward
>>>>>>全文翻譯<<<<<<
語(yǔ)言是否如同食物這種人們的基本需求一樣，沒(méi)有了它，在關(guān)鍵期的兒童會(huì)餓死和受到損害?從十三世紀(jì)弗雷德里克一世的極端實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)看，語(yǔ)言可能會(huì)是這樣。弗雷德里克一世期望發(fā)現(xiàn)如果沒(méi)有母語(yǔ)，兒童將說(shuō)什么語(yǔ)言，他叫護(hù)士保持沉默。
所有的嬰兒在第一年就夭折了。但是，顯然這不僅僅是缺少語(yǔ)言的問(wèn)題。真正缺乏的是良好的哺育。沒(méi)有良好的哺育，尤其是在生命的第一年，人的生存能力會(huì)受到嚴(yán)重的影響。
當(dāng)今不會(huì)再存在如同弗雷德里克那樣欠缺的安排了。然而，一些兒童仍然在說(shuō)話方面滯后。通常是母親對(duì)嬰兒發(fā)出的信號(hào)不敏感，而嬰兒的大腦已經(jīng)對(duì)快速學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言做好了安排。如果這些敏感的階段被忽略的話，那么學(xué)習(xí)技能的最佳時(shí)間將被錯(cuò)過(guò)，同時(shí)人可能再也不會(huì)那么容易地學(xué)習(xí)這些技能了。小鳥(niǎo)在合適的時(shí)候能夠很快地學(xué)會(huì)唱歌和飛翔，但一旦關(guān)鍵期錯(cuò)過(guò)了，那么學(xué)起來(lái)就會(huì)既慢又難。
專(zhuān)家指出人按照固定的順序并在一定的年齡進(jìn)入說(shuō)話階段，但也有開(kāi)始說(shuō)話晚，最后成為高智商者的例子。十二周的時(shí)候，嬰兒會(huì)笑并且發(fā)出類(lèi)似元音的聲音;在十二個(gè)月的時(shí)候，他會(huì)說(shuō)簡(jiǎn)單的單詞并且聽(tīng)懂簡(jiǎn)單的指令;在十八個(gè)月的時(shí)候他有三到五十個(gè)詞匯量。在三歲的時(shí)候，他知道大約一千個(gè)能夠用來(lái)造句的單詞，到了四歲的時(shí)候，他的語(yǔ)言在風(fēng)格而不是語(yǔ)法方面與他父母的語(yǔ)言迥異。
最近的研究結(jié)果表明，嬰兒生來(lái)就有說(shuō)話的能力。與猴子大腦相比，嬰兒大腦之所以特殊在于其復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)能使兒童把對(duì)玩具熊這樣具體事物的視覺(jué)及感覺(jué)與“玩具熊”這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)的聲音模式連接起來(lái)。更讓人難以置信的是這個(gè)小腦袋從周?chē)祀s的聲音里挑選出語(yǔ)言的順序，對(duì)其對(duì)進(jìn)行分析，再以新的方式對(duì)語(yǔ)言的各部分進(jìn)行組合、再組合的能力。
但是說(shuō)話需要引導(dǎo)，這依賴(lài)于兒童與母親的交流，在此過(guò)程中，母親識(shí)別兒童咿呀學(xué)語(yǔ)，抓東西和微笑等的信號(hào)并對(duì)這些信號(hào)做出反應(yīng)。母親對(duì)這些信號(hào)的不敏感性會(huì)削弱交流，因?yàn)閮和艽�，同時(shí)他們僅僅會(huì)發(fā)出明顯的信號(hào)。對(duì)兒童非語(yǔ)言信號(hào)的敏感對(duì)語(yǔ)言的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展是必要的。
>>>>>>重點(diǎn)句<<<<<<
But clearly there was more than lack of language here.
該句語(yǔ)法：
“more than”可翻譯為“多于……”，所以漢語(yǔ)一般翻譯成為“不僅”。所以該句中是“不僅僅缺乏……”的含義。
>>>>>>習(xí)題答案<<<<<<
1.The purpose of FrederickⅠ’s experiment was__
1.Frederick Ⅰ實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是______。
[A] to prove that children are born with the ability to speak
[A] 證明孩子生來(lái)就具有說(shuō)話的能力
[B] to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech
[B] 發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子在沒(méi)有聽(tīng)見(jiàn)人類(lèi)語(yǔ)言的情況下會(huì)說(shuō)哪種語(yǔ)言
[C] to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak
[C] 研究細(xì)心護(hù)理在教孩子說(shuō)話中起什么作用
[D] to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language
[D] 證明在沒(méi)有學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的情況下，孩子會(huì)受到傷害
2.The reason some children are backward in speaking is most probably that__
2.一些孩子在說(shuō)話上遲鈍的主要原因是____。
[A] they are incapable of learning language rapidly
[A]他們不能迅速學(xué)會(huì)語(yǔ)言
[B] they are exposed to too much language at once
[B]他們同時(shí)置身于太多的語(yǔ)言之中
[C] their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak
[C]母親對(duì)孩子要說(shuō)話的欲望回應(yīng)不足
[D] their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them
[D]他們的媽媽智力不夠，幫不了他們
3. What is exceptionally remarkable about a child is that
3. 兒童最不可思議的方面是__________。
[A] he is born with the capacity to speak
[A]他生來(lái)就具有說(shuō)話的能力
[B] he has a brain more complex than an animal’s
[B]與動(dòng)物相比，他的大腦更復(fù)雜
[C] he can produce his own sentences
[C]他能創(chuàng)造自己的句子
[D] he owes his speech ability to good nursing
[D]他的說(shuō)話能力歸功于好的照顧
4. Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?
4. 哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)不能從短文中推論出來(lái)?
[A] The faculty of speech is inborn in man.
[A]人生來(lái)具有說(shuō)話能力
[B] Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning.
[B]鼓勵(lì)在孩子學(xué)語(yǔ)言的過(guò)程中根本不起什么作用
[C] The child’ s brain is highly selective.
[C]兒童的大腦具有高度選擇性
[D] Most children learn their language in definite stages.
[D]絕大多數(shù)孩子在確定的階段學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言
5. If a child starts to speak later than others, he will
5.如果一個(gè)孩子開(kāi)始說(shuō)話比其他孩子晚，他將來(lái)會(huì)_______。
[A] have a high IQ
[A] 具有高智商
[B] be less intelligent
[B] 智商低
[C] be insensitive to verbal signals
[C] 對(duì)語(yǔ)言信號(hào)不敏感
[D] not necessarily be backward
[D] 不一定低智商
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