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英語(yǔ)閱讀細(xì)節(jié)題答題技巧
做英語(yǔ)閱讀不光需要有基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)看懂原文，還需要有一定的閱讀技巧，以下是小編整理的英語(yǔ)閱讀理解技巧總結(jié)，歡迎參考!
一、語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)換題——跳讀查找法
這是做事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題最基本也是最常用的方法。在通常情況下，細(xì)節(jié)題主要考查考生對(duì)某句話或某幾句話的理解，同學(xué)們?nèi)裟芨鶕?jù)題干內(nèi)容從原文中找到相關(guān)的句子，然后進(jìn)行比較和分析，便可確定最佳答案。
運(yùn)用跳讀查找法時(shí)，同學(xué)們要特別注意試題(包括選項(xiàng))與原文之間的適當(dāng)變換。根據(jù)近幾年的考題情況來(lái)看，現(xiàn)在很少有直接用原文中的句子進(jìn)行考查和測(cè)試的，而通常要進(jìn)行一定的處理。而這種“處理”主要就是指進(jìn)行語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)換，其中包括同義變換、概念解析、歸納事實(shí)等。請(qǐng)看下面的例子(重慶高考英語(yǔ)試題)：
“My kids really understand solar and earth-heat energy，” says a second-grade teacher in Saugus，California.“Some of them are building solar collectors for their energy course.” These young scientists are part of City Building Educational Program(CBEP)，a particular program for kindergarten through twelfth grade that uses the stages of city planning to teach basic reading，writing and math skills，and more.
The children don’t just plan any city. They map and analyze(分析) the housing，energy，and transportation requirements of their own district and foretell its needs in 100 years. With the aid of an architect(建筑師) who visits the classroom once a week，they invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations.“Designing buildings of the future gives children a lot of freedom，”says the teacher who developed this program.“They are able to use their own rich imagination and inventions without fear of blame，because there are no wrong answers in a future context. In fact，as the class enters the final model-building stage of the program，an elected ‘official’ and ‘planning group’ make all the design decisions for the model city，and the teacher steps back and becomes an adviser.”
CBEP is a set of activities，games and imitations that teach the basic steps necessary for problem-solving：observing，analyzing，working out possible answers，and judging them based on the children’s own standards.
1. An architect pays a weekly visit to the classroom________ .
A. to find out kids’ creative ideas B. to discuss with the teacher
C. to give children lecturesD. to help kids with their program
2. Who is the designer of the program?
A. An official.B. An architect.C. A teacher.D. A scientist.
【解題分析】
1.選 D。根據(jù)第2段中的 With the aid of an architect who visits the classroom once a week，they invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations 可知答案為 D。句中的 aid 意為“幫助”，與 help 同義。
2.選 C。根據(jù)第2段中的 ... the teacher who developed this program 可知答案選 C。develop 與 design 在此大致同義。
二、生活應(yīng)用題——常識(shí)理解法
生活應(yīng)用題要求考生在讀懂文章的基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合一定的生活常識(shí)進(jìn)行判斷。不過(guò)，有趣的是，高考有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些“低級(jí)”常識(shí)判斷題，即無(wú)需看懂文章，也可選出最佳答案。請(qǐng)看一個(gè)實(shí)例(全國(guó)卷高考英語(yǔ)試題)：
A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle;it can be a basket of fun，according to Beth Anaclerio，an Evaston mother of two，ages 4 and 18 months.
“Having a party at home usually requires a lot of running around on the part of the parents，and often the birthday boy or girl gets lost in wild excitement. But it really doesn’t have to be that way，”said Anaclerio. Last summer，Anaclerio and her friend Jill Carlisle，a Northbrook mother of a 2-year-old，founded a home party-planning business called“A Party in a Basket”. Their goal is to help parents and children share in the fun part of party planning，like choosing the subject or making a cake，while they take care of everything. Drawing on their experiences as mothers，they have created(制作) 10 ready-to-use，home party packages. Everything a family needs to plan a party，except the cake and ice cream，is delivered to the home in a large basket.
“Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10，” Anaclerio said，“And they’re very interactive(互動(dòng)) and creative in that they build a sense of drama based on a subject. For example，at the Soda Shoppe party the guests become waiters and waitresses and build wonderful ice cream creations.”
The standard $ 200 package for eight children includes a basket filled with invitations，gifts，games and prizes，paper goods，a party planner and the like. For more information，call Anaclerio at 708-864-6584 or Carlisle at 708-205-9141.
1.Which of the following is most likely to be a party planner?
A. B. C.D.
【解題分析】
先看四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(圖形)所表示的意思：選項(xiàng) A 是一個(gè)記事本，左邊寫(xiě)著 Date，Things to do ...，右邊寫(xiě)著 People to invite...; 選項(xiàng) B 是一份禮品;選項(xiàng) C 是一張卡片，上面寫(xiě)著 Happy Birthday;選項(xiàng) D 是一份菜單，上面寫(xiě)著 Potato soup 3.00...等。聰明的考生，只要注意到題干中的 a party planner，便可排除 B、C 選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)常識(shí)，它們顯然不是 planner(計(jì)劃書(shū))。至于 A、D 兩項(xiàng)到底選哪項(xiàng)呢?兩項(xiàng)都有點(diǎn)像 planner，但仔細(xì)比較一下便可知 A 最佳。a party planner 的意思是“晚會(huì)計(jì)劃書(shū)”，根據(jù)常識(shí)，要計(jì)劃一場(chǎng)晚會(huì)，當(dāng)然首先要明確日期(date)，還要確定做些什么事(things to do)以及邀請(qǐng)什么人(people to invite)等;而選項(xiàng)D只是一份菜單，它標(biāo)明的只是一些菜的價(jià)格，顯然與 a party planner 不符。
三、細(xì)節(jié)排序題——首尾定位法
這種試題要求考生根據(jù)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序和句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，找出事件發(fā)生的正確順序。同學(xué)們?cè)谧鲞@種題時(shí)可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一個(gè)動(dòng)作和最后一個(gè)動(dòng)作，迅速縮小選擇范圍，從而快速選出正確答案。請(qǐng)看下面的例子(浙江高考英語(yǔ)試題)：
Fat and shy，Ben Saunders was the last kid in his class picked for any sports team.“Football，tennis，cricket—anything with a round ball，I was useless，” he says now with a laugh. But back then he was the one always made fun of in school gym classes in Devonshire，England.
It was a mountain bike he received for his 15th birthday that changed him. At first he went biking alone in a nearby forest. Then he began to ride the bike along with a runner friend. Gradually，Saunders set up his mind on building up his body，increasing his speed and strength. At the age of 18，he ran his first marathon.
The following year he met John Ridgway and was hired as an instructor at Ridgway’s school of adventure in Scotland，where he learnt about Ridgway’s cold-water exploits. Greatly interested，Saunders read all he could about North Pole explorers and adventures，then decided that this would be his future.
In 2001，after becoming a skillful skier，Saunders started his first long-distance expedition towards the North Pole. It took unbelievable energy. He suffered frostbite，ran into a polar bear and pushed his body to the limit，pulling his supply-loaded sled up and over rocky rice.
Saunders has since become the youngest person to ski alone to the North Pole，and he’s skied more of the North Pole by himself than any other British man. His old playmates would not believe the change.
Next October，Saunders，27，heads south from the coast of Antarctica to the South Pole and back，a 2900-kilometer journey that has never been completed on skis.
1.Which of the following is the correct order of the events that happened to Saunders?
a. He ran his first marathon.
b. He skied alone in the North Pole.
c. He rode his bike in a forest.
d. He planned an adventure to the South Pole.
A. a-c-d-b B. c-d-a-bC. a-c-b-dD. c-a-b-d
【解題分析】
題目要求我們按事件發(fā)生時(shí)間來(lái)進(jìn)行排序。根據(jù)首尾定位法，第一步是 c. He rode his bike in a forest，最后一步是 d. He planned an adventure to the South Pole，故答案選 D。
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