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2015年職稱英語閱讀判斷模擬試題帶答案
The Workers' Role in Management
Traditionally, it has been the workers' role to work and management's role to manage. Managers have planned and directed the firm's operations with little thought to consulting the labor force. Managers have rarely felt compelled to obtain the workers' opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees. At most, companies have provided"suggestion boxes" in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures. In recent years, however, many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of labor一they have a vital stake in the companyand may be able to make significant contributions to its management. Furthermore, major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents. This is particularly true of plant closings, which may put thousands on the unemployment lines. Should workers, then, play a stronger role in management?
Workers should have a role in management. At the very least, the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions (A common complaint among rank-and-file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions). Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs, often with no warning. At least 90 days' notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust. Management should consult workers before closing a plant, because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep the plant operating.
It should become a general practice to include work&s in some managerial decision making. There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firm's board of directors or other major policymaking groups. if rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow, they will help to make improvements, their morale will rise, and their productivity will increase. As a further incentive, they must be given a share in the company's profits. This can be done through employee stockownership plans, bonuses, or rewards for efficiency and productivity. Finally, when a plant can no longer operate at a profit, the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.
練習(xí)：
1.Traditional workers showed no interest in management.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
2.In recent years many management specialists have been arguing for the workers' role in management with two major reasons.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
3.Since policy decisions are business secrets of a firm, workers should not be informed of them.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
4.Before closing, a plant should put up a notice and keep it for 90 days.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
5.The workers' participation in management might save a plant from closing down.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
6.One of the advantages of involving workers in making a decision is that the interpersonal relationship between workers and managers can be improved.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
7.An efficient and productive worker should be rewarded with anything but shares of a plant.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
答案與題解：
1.C 文章第一段說在傳統(tǒng)上，工人的職責(zé)是干活，因而無法介人管理，但并沒有說工人對(duì)管理不感興趣。
2.A 第一段說近年來一些企業(yè)管理專家指出應(yīng)該讓工人參與一些管理工作，一方面是因?yàn)檫@可以調(diào)動(dòng)他們的積極性為工廠作貢獻(xiàn)，另一方面是因?yàn)楣芾韺幼鞒龅闹卮鬀Q定對(duì)工人及其家人的生活會(huì)產(chǎn)生重大影響。
3.B 第二段前兩句說工人應(yīng)當(dāng)參與管理，至少應(yīng)當(dāng)告訴工人工廠的重大決策。
4.B 第二段倒數(shù)第四行說工廠在宣布破產(chǎn)關(guān)閉之前應(yīng)當(dāng)提前90天通知工人，以便讓他們有時(shí)間做一些調(diào)整。 "90 days' notice”的意思是“提前90天通知”，而不是“貼出告示，并保留90天”。
5.A 第二段末尾說如果讓工人參與管理工作，當(dāng)工廠出現(xiàn)危機(jī)時(shí)工人可以獻(xiàn)計(jì)獻(xiàn)策以提高生產(chǎn)率，降低成本，而且他們還可能做出一些讓步或犧牲以使工廠渡過難關(guān)。由此可以推斷，如果讓工人參與管理，他們有時(shí)會(huì)拯救一家工廠。
6.C 文章最后一段列舉了讓工人參與管理的一系列好處，但并沒有明確提到可以改善勞資關(guān)系。
7.B 最后一段倒數(shù)第四行說作為一種鼓勵(lì)機(jī)制，可以讓工人分享一部分利潤。具體可以通過股票持有權(quán)方案、紅利或者發(fā)效益獎(jiǎng)的方式來獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)那些工作出色的工人。
參考譯文：
傳統(tǒng)上，工人的作用是生產(chǎn)，管理者的作用是管理。管理者計(jì)劃和指導(dǎo)公司的運(yùn)作，而很少想到去征求勞動(dòng)者的意見。管理者們很少覺得應(yīng)聽取工人的意見或向他們的雇員解釋公司的決定。公司最多提供些“意見箱”，工人們至多將改善生產(chǎn)流程的意見投入意見箱。然而，近幾年來，許多管理專家一直在爭(zhēng)論工人們不僅僅出賣勞動(dòng)力，而且對(duì)公司有很大的利害關(guān)系，或許還能對(duì)公司的管理做出重大貢獻(xiàn)。此外，公司的重大決定往往對(duì)工人及其家屬影響極大。如果工廠倒閉，這一點(diǎn)就更加確定無疑了。它可能會(huì)把成百上千的人推到實(shí)業(yè)的邊緣。那么，工人們應(yīng)該在企業(yè)管理中發(fā)揮舉足輕重的作用嗎?
工人們應(yīng)該在管理中扮演自己的角色。至少，勞動(dòng)者應(yīng)該被告知公司的政策決定(普通工人最普遍的抱怨就是對(duì)公司的政策和行動(dòng)缺少了解)。在1980年和1985年之間，有500萬工人在沒有事先被告知的情況下，成了工廠倒閉和永久性停工的犧牲品。在這種情況下，應(yīng)至少提前90天通知工人們，這樣工人們才能有時(shí)間調(diào)整。管理者在關(guān)閉工廠之前，應(yīng)該征求工人們的意見，因?yàn)楣と藗円苍S會(huì)提出一些建議來提高生產(chǎn)率，降低成本，或許他們還愿意為了幫助工廠運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)而做出讓步。
工人參與制訂管理決策應(yīng)得到普遍實(shí)施。公司的董事會(huì)或其他重大決策制訂組里也應(yīng)該有工人代表。如果普通工人對(duì)流水線生產(chǎn)的計(jì)劃和管理有發(fā)言權(quán)的話，他們會(huì)幫助改善狀況，而且他們的士氣也會(huì)提升，生產(chǎn)效率也會(huì)提高。作為進(jìn)一步地刺激，公司應(yīng)給他們一份利潤分成。這可以通過工人股票持有權(quán)方案、紅利或者發(fā)效益獎(jiǎng)獲得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。最后，當(dāng)一個(gè)工廠不能再獲利經(jīng)營的時(shí)候，工人們應(yīng)該被賦予購買和經(jīng)營本工廠的機(jī)會(huì)。
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