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2016年職稱英語考試?yán)砉模擬試卷及答案
下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有下劃線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項。
1 If headaches only occur at night, lack of fresh air is often the cause,
A.deliver
B.fall
C.happen
D.arrive
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：如果頭疼只是在晚上發(fā)生，那么缺少新鮮的空氣是原因。occur“發(fā)生”，四個選項：deliver“遞送，交付”;fall“跌倒，降低”;happen“發(fā)生”;arrive“到達”。
2 It is very difficult for a child to adhere to rules.
A.follow
B.remember
C.understand
D.learn
參考答案：A
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：讓孩子遵守規(guī)定是很難的。adhere to“遵守”，四個選項：follow“跟隨，遵守”;remember“記住”;understand“理解”;learn“學(xué)習(xí)”。
3 A research center has been set up in this country.
A.praised
B.established
C.reformed
D.criticized
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：這個國家已經(jīng)成立了研究中心。set up“成立，建立”，四個選項：praise“表揚”;establish“建立”;reform“改革，改造”;criticize“批評，指責(zé)”。
4 I hope that I didn’t do anything absurd last night.
A.awkward
B.strange
C.awful
D.stupid
參考答案：D
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：我希望我昨晚沒干出什么荒唐的事。absurd“荒謬的，愚蠢可笑的”，四個選項：awkward“尷尬的，笨拙的”;strange“奇怪的，陌生的”;awful“糟糕的”;stupid“愚蠢的”。
5 The researchers have just completed a study of driving situations.
A.started
B.finished
C.changed
D.made
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：研究人員剛剛完成車況的研究。complete“完成”;四個選項：start“開始”;finish“完成”;change“改變”;make“制作，使得”。
6 The meaning is still obscure.
A.transparent
B.vague
C.alien
D.significant
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：含義仍然不清楚。obscure“模糊的;不清楚的”，四個選項：transparent“透明的，顯而易見的”;vague“模糊的”;alien“外國的，陌生的”;significant“重要的，有意義的”。
7 I rarely play basketball.
A.normally
B.seldom
C.frequently
D.usually
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析1句意為：我很少打籃球。Rarely“很少”，四個選項：normally“正常地，常態(tài)地”;seldom“很少”;frequently“經(jīng)常”;usually“通常”。
8 There is no risk to public health.
A.point
B.danger
C.chance
D.hope
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：公共安全沒有任何危險。risk“危險”，四個選項：point“某一想法”;danger“危險”;chance“機會”;hope“希望”。
9 The Foreign Service is a branch of the Department of State.
A.center
B.division
C.root
D.base
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：外語服務(wù)學(xué)院是國務(wù)院的一個分支機構(gòu)。branch“分支機構(gòu);枝”，四個選項： center“中心”;division“分支機構(gòu)”;root“根”;base“基礎(chǔ)”。
10 Mary is looking for the book she lost yesterday
A.trying to find
B.trying to read
C.trying to buy
D.trying to borrow
參考答案：A
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：瑪麗正在尋找她昨天丟失的書。look for“尋找”，四個選項：try to find“試圖找 到”;read“閱讀”;buy“購買”;borrow“借入”。
11 Dumped waste might contaminate water supplies.
A.destroy
B.decrease
C.pollute
D.delay
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：傾倒的垃圾可能會污染供水。contaminate“污染”，四個選項：destroy“破壞.毀滅”;decrease“減少，降低”;pollute“污染”;delay“推遲”。
12 There should be laws that prohibit smoking around children.
A.advocate
B.forbid
C.inherit
D.withdraw
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：應(yīng)該有法律來禁止在兒童身邊吸煙。Prohibit“禁止”，四個選項：advocate“提倡”;forbid“禁止”;inherit“繼承”;withdraw“收回，撤回”。
13 One theory postulates that the ancient Filipinos came from India and PersiA.A.expects
B.assumes
C.predicts
D.considers
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：一種理論假定古菲律賓人來自印度和波斯。postulate“假定”，四個選項：expects“預(yù)期”;assumes“假定”;predicts“預(yù)言，預(yù)測”;consider“考慮”。
14 Our English teacher is sick.
A.fat
B.weak
C.ill
D.mad
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：我們的英語老師病了。sick“生病的”，四個選項：fat“胖的”;weak“體弱的”： ill“有病的，不舒服的”;mad“發(fā)瘋的”。
15 In order to survive man needs to consume food and water.
A.work
B.play
C.live
D.walk
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：為了生存，人類需要消耗食物和水。survive“幸存，活下來”，四個選項：work“工作”;play“玩耍，演奏”;live“活下來，生存”;walk“步行，散步”。
下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子作出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A;如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B;如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。
回答題:
E1 Nino
While some forecasting methods had limited success predicting the 1997 E1 Nino a few months in advance, the Columbia University researchers say their method can predict large E1 Nino events up to two years in advance. That would be good news for governments, farmers and others seeking to plan for the droughts and heavy rainfall that E1 Nino can produce in various parts of the world.
Using a computer the researchers matched sea-surface temperatures to later E1 Nino occurrences between 1980 and 2000 and were then able to anticipate E1 Nino events dating back to 1857, using prior sea-surface temperatures. The results were reported in the latest issue of the journal Nature.
The researchers say their method is not perfect, but Bryan C. Weare, a meteorologist at the University of California, Davis, who was not involved in the work, said it "suggests E1 Nino is indeed predictable."
"This will probably convince others to search around more for even better methods." said Weare. He added that the new method "makes it possible to predict E1 Nino at long lead times." Other models also use sea-surface temperatures, but they have not looked as far back because they need other data, which is only available for recent decades, Weare said.
The ability to predict the warming and cooling of the Pacific is of immense importance. The 1997 E1 Nino, for example, caused an estimated $20 billion in damage worldwide, offset by beneficial effects in other areas, said David Anderson, of the European Centre for Medium. Range Weather Forecasts in Reading England. The 1877 E1 Nino, meanwhile, coincided with a failure of the Indian monsoon and a famine that killed perhaps 40 million in India and China prompting the development of seasonal forecasting, Anderson said.
When E1 Nino hit in 1991 and 1997, 200 million people were affected by flooding in China alone, according to a 2002 United Nations report.
While predicting smaller E1 Nino events remains tricky, the ability to predict larger ones should be increased to at least a year if the new method is confirmed.
E1 Nino tends to develop between April and June and reaches its peak between December and February. The warming tends to last between 9 and 12 months and occurs every two to seven years.
The new forecasting method does not predict any major E1 Nino events in the next two years, although a weak warming toward the end of this year is possible.
16 The method used by the Columbia University researchers can predict E1 Nino a few months in advance. 查看材料
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】根據(jù)第一段第一句“While some forecasting methods had limited success predicting the 1 997 EI Nino a few months in advance，the Columbia University researchers say their method can predict large EI Nino events up tO two years in advance.”可知，最遠(yuǎn)能提前到兩年，而問題句說“提前幾個月”，所以選B。
17 The Columbia University researchers studied the relationship between the past E1 Nino occurrences and sea-surface temperatures.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
參考答案：A
參考解析：
【解析】根據(jù)第二段第一句“Using a computer the researchers matched sea-surface temperatures to later EI Nino occurrences between 1980 and 2000”可知，與問題內(nèi)容一致，所以選A。
18 The Columbia University researchers are the first to use sea-surface temperatures to match the past E1 Nino occurrences.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Other models also use sea-surface temperatures，but they have not looked as far back because they need other data，which is only available for recent decades，Weare said.”可知，本文并未提到題目說的內(nèi)容，所以選C。
19 Weare's contribution in predicting E1 Nino, was highly praised by other meteorologists,
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知，文中并未提到Weare在預(yù)測厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象方面作出了貢獻，也沒有提到他的貢獻是否得到了其他氣象學(xué)家的高度贊揚，所以選C。
20 According to a Chinese report, the flooding in China caused by E1 Nino in 1991 and 1997 affected 200 million Chinese people.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】根據(jù)第六段內(nèi)容“When EI Nino hit in 1991 and 1997，200 million people were affected by flooding in China alone，according to a 2002 United Nations report.”可知，題目內(nèi)容錯誤，所以選B。
21 It takes about eight months for E1 Nino to reach its peak.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
參考答案：A
參考解析：
【解析】根據(jù)第八段內(nèi)容“EI Nino tends to develop between April and June and reaches its peak between December and February.”可知，EI Nino需要大約8個月達到峰值，所以選A。
22 A special institute has been set up in America to study E1 Nino.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】根據(jù)文中內(nèi)容可知，文章中根本就沒有提到“在美國建立一所特別的研究院”，所以選C。
下面的短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：(1)第23—26題要求從所給的6個選項中為指定段落每段選擇1個標(biāo)題;(2)第27-30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定一個最佳選項。
回答題:
The Science of Sport
1. At the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, the Chinese athlete Liu Xiang equaled the world record for the 110 metres hurdles (跨欄 ) when he ran the race in 12.91 seconds. This record time had been set in 1993 by British sprinter (短跑運動員 ) Colin Jackson and 9 years went by before another athlete was able to mn as fast.
2. Record-breaking in all track events is slowing clown and we appear to be moving much closer to the limits of human performance. Nevertheless, every four years, records which were previously thought to be unbeatable are broken. So what's behind this never-ending improvement in performance? And how long can we keep breaking records? Is there a limit to human performance or will athletes continue to gain seconds ?
3. Most experts agree that it isn't the athletes' bodies which have changed but the huge advances in sport science which have enabled them to improve their performances. The individual athlete obviously has to have the necessary skill and determination to succeed, but the help of science and technology can be significant. Research has brought a better understanding of the athlete's body and mind but the advances in sports equipment technology have also had an important impact on human performance.
4. Scientists have shown that an athlete's body's needs vary according to the type of sport. This research has helped top sports people to adapt their training programme and diet better to their particular needs. Running the marathon and cycling, for example, are endurance (耐力 ) sports and require a different parathion ( 硝苯硫磷脂 ) to that of a 100-metre sprinter. In some sports, changes in techniques have significantly improved performance.
5. But in any sport, a player's success or failure results from a combination of both physical and mental abilities. Most coaches use psychological techniques to help their athletes cope with stress and concentrate on their performance. For example, the English football team listens to music in the changing rooms before a game to help the players relax and not feel so nervous. Before a difficult match, tennis players are encouraged to use visualization ( 想象 ) techniques to build confidence and this is almost as good as practice.
6. But as science begins to dominate sport, are we in danger of losing sight of the heart of the competition, the sporting challenge ? What's more, are all these advantages fair ?
23 Paragraph 2__________
A.Different sports require different training programs.
B.Science may be too important today.
C.Sports equipment has been improved a lot.
D.Athletes are still breaking records.
E.Sport science helps improve athletes' performances.
F.Mental training is as important as physical training.
參考答案：D
參考解析：
【解析】第二段講到破紀(jì)錄的比賽越來越多，我們似乎更接近人類體能的極限，所以選D“運動員仍舊在破紀(jì)錄”。
24 Paragraph 3__________
A.Different sports require different training programs.
B.Science may be too important today.
C.Sports equipment has been improved a lot.
D.Athletes are still breaking records.
E.Sport science helps improve athletes' performances.
F.Mental training is as important as physical training.
參考答案：E
參考解析：
【解析】第三段講到大部分專家認(rèn)為運動員的身體并未發(fā)生變化，而是科學(xué)運動使得運動員能夠提高自身的表現(xiàn)，所以選E“科學(xué)運動有助于提高運動員的表現(xiàn)”。
25 Paragraph 4__________
A.Different sports require different training programs.
B.Science may be too important today.
C.Sports equipment has been improved a lot.
D.Athletes are still breaking records.
E.Sport science helps improve athletes' performances.
F.Mental training is as important as physical training.
參考答案：A
參考解析：
【解析】第四段第一句講到科學(xué)家已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)根據(jù)運動類型改變運動員身體的需求，接著講到這項研究已經(jīng)幫助高級運動人員適應(yīng)比賽項目，并滿足特殊需要，所以選A“不同的運動需要不同的訓(xùn)練項目”。
26 Paragraph 5__________
A.Different sports require different training programs.
B.Science may be too important today.
C.Sports equipment has been improved a lot.
D.Athletes are still breaking records.
E.Sport science helps improve athletes' performances.
F.Mental training is as important as physical training.
參考答案：F
參考解析：
【解析】第五段講到，無論在何種運動中，運動員的成功或失敗都來源于體力和精神能力的配合，所以選F“精神培訓(xùn)和體力培訓(xùn)一樣重要”。
27 It is more difficult for today's athletes__________
A.to avoid psychological techniques.
B.to break records
C.to better understand the athlete's body and mind
D.to time and space
E.to be replacing the sporting challenge
F.to human performance
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】根據(jù)第二段第一句“Record-breaking in all track events is slowing clown and we appear to be moving much closer to the limits of human performance.”可知，本題選B。
28 We don't know if there is a limit__________
A.to avoid psychological techniques.
B.to break records
C.to better understand the athlete's body and mind
D.to time and space
E.to be replacing the sporting challenge
F.to human performance
參考答案：F
參考解析：
【解析】根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Is there a limit to human performance or will athletes continue to gain seconds?”可知，本題選F。
29 Research has helped coaches__________
A.to avoid psychological techniques.
B.to break records
C.to better understand the athlete's body and mind
D.to time and space
E.to be replacing the sporting challenge
F.to human performance
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Research has brought a better understanding of the athlete’s body and mind”可知，本題選C。
30 Scientific advances are suspected__________
A.to avoid psychological techniques.
B.to break records
C.to better understand the athlete's body and mind
D.to time and space
E.to be replacing the sporting challenge
F.to human performance
參考答案：E
參考解析：
【解析】根據(jù)第六段第一句“But as science begins to dominate sport，are we in danger of losing sight of the heart of the competition，the sporting challenge?”可知，本題選E。
下面的短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：(1)第23—26題要求從所給的6個選項中為指定段落每段選擇1個標(biāo)題;(2)第27-30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定一個最佳選項。
回答題:
The Science of Sport
1. At the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, the Chinese athlete Liu Xiang equaled the world record for the 110 metres hurdles (跨欄 ) when he ran the race in 12.91 seconds. This record time had been set in 1993 by British sprinter (短跑運動員 ) Colin Jackson and 9 years went by before another athlete was able to mn as fast.
2. Record-breaking in all track events is slowing clown and we appear to be moving much closer to the limits of human performance. Nevertheless, every four years, records which were previously thought to be unbeatable are broken. So what's behind this never-ending improvement in performance? And how long can we keep breaking records? Is there a limit to human performance or will athletes continue to gain seconds ?
3. Most experts agree that it isn't the athletes' bodies which have changed but the huge advances in sport science which have enabled them to improve their performances. The individual athlete obviously has to have the necessary skill and determination to succeed, but the help of science and technology can be significant. Research has brought a better understanding of the athlete's body and mind but the advances in sports equipment technology have also had an important impact on human performance.
4. Scientists have shown that an athlete's body's needs vary according to the type of sport. This research has helped top sports people to adapt their training programme and diet better to their particular needs. Running the marathon and cycling, for example, are endurance (耐力 ) sports and require a different parathion ( 硝苯硫磷脂 ) to that of a 100-metre sprinter. In some sports, changes in techniques have significantly improved performance.
5. But in any sport, a player's success or failure results from a combination of both physical and mental abilities. Most coaches use psychological techniques to help their athletes cope with stress and concentrate on their performance. For example, the English football team listens to music in the changing rooms before a game to help the players relax and not feel so nervous. Before a difficult match, tennis players are encouraged to use visualization ( 想象 ) techniques to build confidence and this is almost as good as practice.
6. But as science begins to dominate sport, are we in danger of losing sight of the heart of the competition, the sporting challenge ? What's more, are all these advantages fair ?
23 Paragraph 2__________
A.Different sports require different training programs.
B.Science may be too important today.
C.Sports equipment has been improved a lot.
D.Athletes are still breaking records.
E.Sport science helps improve athletes' performances.
F.Mental training is as important as physical training.
參考答案：D
參考解析：
【解析】第二段講到破紀(jì)錄的比賽越來越多，我們似乎更接近人類體能的極限，所以選D“運動員仍舊在破紀(jì)錄”。
24 Paragraph 3__________
A.Different sports require different training programs.
B.Science may be too important today.
C.Sports equipment has been improved a lot.
D.Athletes are still breaking records.
E.Sport science helps improve athletes' performances.
F.Mental training is as important as physical training.
參考答案：E
參考解析：
【解析】第三段講到大部分專家認(rèn)為運動員的身體并未發(fā)生變化，而是科學(xué)運動使得運動員能夠提高自身的表現(xiàn)，所以選E“科學(xué)運動有助于提高運動員的表現(xiàn)”。
25 Paragraph 4__________
A.Different sports require different training programs.
B.Science may be too important today.
C.Sports equipment has been improved a lot.
D.Athletes are still breaking records.
E.Sport science helps improve athletes' performances.
F.Mental training is as important as physical training.
參考答案：A
參考解析：
【解析】第四段第一句講到科學(xué)家已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)根據(jù)運動類型改變運動員身體的需求，接著講到這項研究已經(jīng)幫助高級運動人員適應(yīng)比賽項目，并滿足特殊需要，所以選A“不同的運動需要不同的訓(xùn)練項目”。
26 Paragraph 5__________
A.Different sports require different training programs.
B.Science may be too important today.
C.Sports equipment has been improved a lot.
D.Athletes are still breaking records.
E.Sport science helps improve athletes' performances.
F.Mental training is as important as physical training.
參考答案：F
參考解析：
【解析】第五段講到，無論在何種運動中，運動員的成功或失敗都來源于體力和精神能力的配合，所以選F“精神培訓(xùn)和體力培訓(xùn)一樣重要”。
27 It is more difficult for today's athletes__________
A.to avoid psychological techniques.
B.to break records
C.to better understand the athlete's body and mind
D.to time and space
E.to be replacing the sporting challenge
F.to human performance
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】根據(jù)第二段第一句“Record-breaking in all track events is slowing clown and we appear to be moving much closer to the limits of human performance.”可知，本題選B。
28 We don't know if there is a limit__________
A.to avoid psychological techniques.
B.to break records
C.to better understand the athlete's body and mind
D.to time and space
E.to be replacing the sporting challenge
F.to human performance
參考答案：F
參考解析：
【解析】根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Is there a limit to human performance or will athletes continue to gain seconds?”可知，本題選F。
29 Research has helped coaches__________
A.to avoid psychological techniques.
B.to break records
C.to better understand the athlete's body and mind
D.to time and space
E.to be replacing the sporting challenge
F.to human performance
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Research has brought a better understanding of the athlete’s body and mind”可知，本題選C。
30 Scientific advances are suspected__________
A.to avoid psychological techniques.
B.to break records
C.to better understand the athlete's body and mind
D.to time and space
E.to be replacing the sporting challenge
F.to human performance
參考答案：E
參考解析：
【解析】根據(jù)第六段第一句“But as science begins to dominate sport，are we in danger of losing sight of the heart of the competition，the sporting challenge?”可知，本題選E。
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