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2016年職稱英語考試考前真題練習（帶答案詳解）
以下是小編整理的往年職稱英語考試的真題及詳解，希望幫助2016年考生在考試之前練筆，通過做真題找到解題方法，在考場上應對自如。
2015年職稱英語理工B真題及答案
第1部分：詞匯選項(第1～15題，每題1分，共15分)
下面每個句子中均有1個詞或者短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項。
1.I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.
A.control B.accept C.observe D.regulate
2.The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison.
A.message B.punishment C.guilty D.obligation
3.These products are inferior to those we bought last year.
A.poorer than B.narrower than C.larger than D.richer than
4.The organization was bold enough to face the press.
A.pleased B.brave C.powerful D.sensible
5.The political situation in the region has deteriorated rapidly.
A.improved B.changed C.worsened D.developed
6.Most people find rejection hard to accept.
A.refusal B.excuse C.client D.destiny
7.They’re petitioning for better facilities for the disabled on public transport.
A.planning B.preparing C.looking D.requesting
8.He said some harsh words about his brother.
A.proper B.normal C.unkind D.unclear
9.I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present.
A.fear B.limit C.power D.fool
10.There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next building.
A.fair B.full C.public D.coexisting
11.He tried to assemble his thoughts.
A.gather B.clear C.share D.spare
12.The doctors did not reveal the truth to him.
A.hide B.handle C.establish D.disclose
13.Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions.
A.flexible B.reasonable C.terrible D.serious
14.We were attracted by the lure of quick money.
A.amount B.tempt C.supply D.sum
15.She’s extremely competent and industrious.
A.hardworking B.honest C.objective D.independent
第2部分：閱讀判斷(第16～22題，每題1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內容對每個句子做出判斷;如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A;如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B;如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。
ADHD Linked to Air Pollutants
Children have an increased risk of attention problems, seen as early as grade school, if their moms inhaled a certain type of air pollution when they were pregnant. That’s the finding of a new study. Released when things don’t burned completely, this pollution is known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or PAHs. The biggest sources of these PAHs: the burning of fossil fuels, wood and trash.
Frederica Perera works at Columbia University’s Mailman School of Public Health in New York City. She researches how exposure to things in the environment affects children’s health. In a new study, she and her team studied the exposure to air pollution of 233 nonsmoking pregnant women in New York City. Because burning tobacco can spew PAHs into the air and lungs, Perera's team focused on nonsmokers. The researchers wanted to probe other sources of PAHs, ones that would have been hard for an individual to avoid.
The team started by testing the blood of each woman during pregnancy. The reason: Any PAHs in a woman’s blood would also be available to the baby in her womb. Nine years later, the researchers investigated signs of attention problems in those children, now age 9. They asked each child’s mother a series of questions. These included whether her child had problems doing things that needed sustained mental effort, such as homework or games with friends. The scientists also asked if the kids had trouble following instructions or made frequent, careless mistakes. All of these can be symptoms of a disorder called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD. About one in 10 U.S. children has ADHD.
Among the women studied, traffic and home heating were the primary sources of air pollution exposure, Perera and her team suspect. Some of these women had low levels of PAHs in their blood. Others had high levels. Those with high levels were five times as likely to have children who showed attention problems by age 9. The new findings were published November 5 in the journal PLOS ONE.
16.Perera and her team chose nonsmoking pregnant women all over America.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
17.The main purpose of the research was to find out how exposure to PAHs played a role in harming the subjects physical health.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
18.Nonsmoking mothers were selected because the effect of smoking on PAHs was unclear.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
19.The blood of each woman was tested once a month during pregnancy.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
20.Kids with ADHD commonly fail in school.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
21.The women with high levels of PAHs in their blood were more likely to have kids with ADHD.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
22.Traffic and home heating were considered to be the biggest success of PAHs for the subjects in the research.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意和完成句子(第23～30題，每題1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2項測試任務：(1)第23 ~ 26題要求從所給的6個選項中為指定段落每段選擇1個小標題;(2)第27 ~ 30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定一個最佳選項。
First Image-recognition Software
1 Dartmouth researchers and their colleagues have created an artificial intelligence software that uses photos to locate documents on the Internet with far greater accuracy than ever before.
2 The new system, which was tested on photos and is now being applied to videos, shows for the first time that a machine learning algorithm (運算法則) for image recognition and retrieval is accurate and efficient enough to improve large-scale document searches online. The system uses pixel (像素) data in images and potentially video — rather than just text — to locate documents. It learns to recognize the pixels associated with a search phrase by studying the results from text-based image search engines. The knowledge gleaned (收集) from those results can then be applied to other photos without tags or captions (圖片說明), making for more accurate document search results.
3 "Over the last 30 years," says Associate Professor Lorenzo Torresani, a co-author of the study, "the Web has evolved from a small collection of mostly text documents to a modern, massive, fast-growing multimedia data set, where nearly every page includes multiple pictures or videos. When a person looks at a Web page, he immediately gets the gist (主旨) of it by looking at the pictures in it. Yet, surprisingly, all existing popular search engines, such as Google or Bing, strip away the information contained in the photos and use exclusively the text of Web pages to perform the document retrieval. Our study is the first to show that modern machine vision systems are accurate and efficient enough to make effective use of the information contained in image pixels to improve document search."
4 The researchers designed and tested a machine vision system — a type of artificial intelligence that allows computers to learn without being explicitly programmed — that extracts semantic (語義的) information from the pixels of photos in Web pages. This information is used to enrich the description of the HTML page used by search engines for document retrieval. The researchers tested their approach using more than 600 search queries (查詢) on a database of 50 million Web pages. They selected the text-retrieval search engine with the best performance and modified it to make use of the additional semantic information extracted by their method from the pictures of the Web pages. They found that this produced a 30 percent improvement in precision over the original search engine purely based on text.
23. Paragraph 1 ________
24. Paragraph 2 ________
25. Paragraph 3 ________
26. Paragraph 4 ________
A.Popularity of the new system
B.Publication of the new discovery
C.Function of the new system
D.Artificial intelligence software created
E.Problems of the existing search engines
F.Improvement in document retrieval
27. The new system does document retrieval by ________
28. The new system is expected to improve precision in ________
29. When performing document retrieval the existing search engines ignore ________
30. The new system was found more effective in document search than the ________
A.information in images
B.current popular search engines
C.using photos
D.machine vision systems
E.document search
F.description of the HTML page
第4部分：閱讀理解(第31～45題，每題3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。
第一篇 Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee?
When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, they're usually thinking of health of the coffee drinker. Is it good for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too.
Traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the canopy (樹冠) of taller indigenous (土生土長的) trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffee. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there aren’t any trees. With increased production come increased profits.
Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local wildlife habitat. Native birds nest and hide from predators (捕食者) in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there.
Furthermore, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat the coffee plants, but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink
Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as “shade grown” and “bird friendly.” Sure, these varieties might cost a little more. But we’re paying for the health of the birds the land, ourselves, and the planet I think it's worth it.
31.What is the main idea of this passage?
A.Farmers are changing the way they grow coffee.
B.Coffee is becoming more expensive to produce.
C.People should buy shade-grown coffee.
D.Shade –grown coffee is more expensive than sun-grown coffee.
32.The function of the word “Traditionally” in Paragraph 2 is to show _______
A.the positive effects of coffee.
B.a change of coffee growth.
C.how coffee production used to be.
D.something that is the most important.
33.What does increased production of full- sun coffee bring about?
A.More insects.
B.Better quality coffee.
C.Larger farms.
D.Higher profits.
34.How do farmers find more land for growing full-sun coffee?
A.They buy more land from other farmers.
B.They move to another country.
C.They cut down trees.
D.They turn grassland into farmland.
35.The full-sun method may affect this following EXCEPT _______
A.insects.
B.birds.
C.humans.
D.air.
第二篇 More Rural Research Is Needed
Agricultural research funding is vital if the world is to feed itself better than it does now. Dr. Tony Fischer, crop scientist, said demand was growing at 2.5% per year, but with modern technologies and the development of new ones, the world should be able to stay ahead.
“The global decline in investment in international agricultural research must be reversed if significant progress is to be made towards reducing malnutrition and poverty,” he said.
Research is needed to solve food production, land degradation and environmental problems. Secure local food supplies led to economic growth which, in turn, slowed population growth. Dr. Fischer painted a picture of the world’s ability to feed itself in the first 25 years, when the world’s population is expected to rise from 5.8 to 8 billion people. He said that things will probably hold or improve but there’ll still be a lot of hungry people. The biggest concentration of poor and hungry people would be in sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia in 2020, similar to the current pattern. If there is any change, a slight improvement will be seen in southern Asia, but not in sub-Saharan Africa. The major improvement will be in East Asia, South America and South-East Asia.
The developing world was investing about 0.5%, or $8 billion a year, of its agricultural gross domestic product (GDP) on5 research, and the developed world was spending 2.5% of its GDP. Dr. Fischer said more was needed from all countries.
He said crop research could produce technologies that spread across many countries, such as wheat production research having spin-offs for Mexico, China or India.
“Technologies still need to be refined for the local conditions but a lot of the strategic research can have global application, so that money can be used very efficiently,” Dr. Fischer said.
Yields of rice, wheat and maize have grown impressively in the past 30 years, especially in developing countries. For example, maize production rose from 2-8 tones per hectare between 1950 and 1995. But technologies driving this growth, such as high-yield varieties, fertilizers, and irrigation, were becoming exhausted. “If you want to save the land for non-agricultural activities, for forests and wildlife, you’re going to have to increase yield,” Dr. Fischer said.
36.What is the main idea mainly about?
A.Shortage of food
B.Development of agricultural technologies
C.Importance of agricultural research
D.Expectation of population growth
37.Which of the following statements is true about the world’s agricultural research finding?
A.it is increasing among developed countries.
B.it is decreasing worldwide.
C.Less is commanded from developing countries.
D.Most of it is spent very efficiently.
38.What is the picture of Asia’s food supplies in the first 25 years?
A.Food shortage will not be a problem.
B.There will be more hungry people in southern Asia.
C.Population growth will result in more hungry people.
D.There will be fewer hungry people in East Asia.
39.What does Dr. Fischer say about technologies?
A.They are costly.
B.They have to be improved to meet local needs.
C.Their application is limited.
D.They have to be applied locally.
40.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that
A.there is a demand for saving land for non-agricultural activities.
B.crop production is growing faster in developing countries.
C.maize production reached its peak in the 1990s.
D.technologies improving maize production have been well developed.
第三篇 Dangers Await Babies with Altitude
Women who live in the world’s highest communities tend to give birth to under-weight babies, a new study suggests. These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.
Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average. But it wasn’t clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourished — many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down.
To find out more, Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1997 and 1998. The babies were bom in both rich and poor areas of two cities: La Paz and Santa Cruz. La Paz is the highest city in the world, at 3.65 kilometers above sea level, while Santa Cruz is much lower, at 0.44 kilometers.
Sure enough, Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz. This was true in both high and low-income families. Even babies bom to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz. “We were very surprised by this result,” says Giussani.
The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth. “This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child.” says Giussani.
His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies. This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest of the body.
Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life. People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood, for example. Low birthweight is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.
41.What does the new study discover?
A.Babies born to wealthy farmers are heavier.
B.Newborns in cities are lighter than average.
C.Low-attitude babies have a high risk of heart disease in their life.
D.Women living at high altitudes tend to give birth to underweight babies.
42.Giussani and his team are sure that
A.people living in La Paz are power than those in Santa Cruz.
B.the birthweight of babies born to wealthy families is above average.
C.babies born in La Paz are on average lighter than in Santa Cruz.
D.mother in La Paz are commonly under-nourished.
43.It can be inferred from what Giussani say in Paragraph 4 that
A.he was very tired.
B.the finding was unexpected.
C.the study took longer than expected.
D.he was surprised to find low-income families in La Paz.
44.The results of the study indicate the reason for the birth of underweight babies is
A.reduction of oxygen levels
B.lack of certain nutrition
C.poverty of their mothers
D.different family backgrounds
45.It can be learnt from the last paragraph that
A.underweight babies have a shorter life span.
B.babies born to poor families lack certain hormones before birth.
C.high-altitude babies tend to have high blood pressure in their later life.
D.newborns in wealthy families have larger heads compared with their bodies.
參考答案：
1-5:1 B 2 B 3 A 4 B 5 C
6-10:6 A 7 D 8 C 9 A 10 D
11-15:11 A 12 D 13 C 14 B 15 A
16-20:16 B 17 B 18 B 19 C 20 C
21-25:21 A 22 A 23 D 24 C 25 E
26-30:26 F 27 C 28 E 29 A 30 B
31-35:31 C 32 B 33 D 34 C 35 D
36-40:36 C 37 B 38 D 39 B 40 A
46-50:46 C 47 F 48 B 49 A 50 E
51-55:51 B 52 A 53 D 54 D 55 D
56-60:56 B 57 B 58 C 59 D 60 D
61-65:61 B 62 A 63 C 64 B 65 A
職稱英語真題
每日一講：
(單項選擇題)layout All the flats in the building had the same layout.
A.color
B.size
C.function
D.arrangement
本題來源：
2012年職稱英語理工類B級考試真題第1題
本題考點：
近義詞辨析
正確答案：
D
易錯統(tǒng)計：
據(jù)全站數(shù)據(jù)，本題錯誤率為17.95%，易錯項為[B]
文字解析：
這個建筑物的套間布局都完全相同。
句子中l(wèi)ayout的意思是布局，布置。
每日一講：
▶ (單項選擇題)died out because its habitat is being destroyed.( )
A.turned dead
B.passed by
C.carried away
D.become extinct
本題來源：
▶ 2013年職稱英語綜合類A級考試真題第4題
本題考點：
▶ 近義詞辨析
正確答案：
▶ D
易錯統(tǒng)計：
▶ 本題共被作答1667次，錯誤率為19.98%，易錯項為 [A]
文字解析：
▶ 考查短語。劃線詞die out意為“滅絕，消失”，與become extinct為同義詞，故答案為D。
A中color的意思是顏色，色彩;例句：Judi's favorite color is pink.朱迪最喜歡的顏色是粉紅色。
每日一講：
▶ (單項選擇題)Many experts remain skeptical about his claims.( )
A.untouched
B.certain
C.silent
D.doubtful
本題來源：
▶ 2013年職稱英語綜合類A級考試真題第3題
本題考點：
▶ 近義詞辨析
正確答案：
▶ D
易錯統(tǒng)計：
▶ 本題共被作答1667次，錯誤率為12.30%，易錯項為 [C]
文字解析：
▶ 【題干】許多專家對他的聲明仍舊持懷疑態(tài)度。
【解析】考查形容詞。劃線詞skeptical意為“懷疑的”，與doubtful為同義詞，故正確答案為D。
【考點延伸】-ful表示形容詞，如doubtful(懷疑的)，successful(成功的)，hopeful (有希望的)
B中size的意思是大小，尺寸;例句：It was made in the size of the clothes。這是照那件衣服的原尺 寸而縫制的。
C中function的意思是功能，作用;例句：The main function of the investment banks is to raise capital for industry.各投資銀行的主要作用是為產業(yè)籌集資金。
D中arrangement的意思是安排，布局;例句：The arrangement of the furniture formed a pleasing ensemble.這些家具擺放得悅目而和諧。故選D。
職稱英語真題
每日一講：
▶ (單項選擇題)This was disaster on a cosmicscale.
A.modest
B.huge
C.commercial
D.national
本題來源：
▶ 2014年職稱英語綜合類A級考試真題第15題
本題考點：
▶ 近義詞辨析
正確答案：
▶ B
易錯統(tǒng)計：
▶ 本題共被作答1082次，錯誤率為22.83%，易錯項為 [C]
文字解析：
▶ 譯文：這是一場超級的災難。
劃線詞cosmic是宇宙的，表明災難的程度是無邊的、巨大的
按照這一上下文只有huge是巨大的意思，詞義最為相近，本題更多考察的是上下文中語義的引申含義，從宇宙引申為宇宙的特性是巨大的，modest是謙遜的，commercial是商業(yè)的，national是國家、民族的。
職稱英語真題
每日一講：
▶ (單項選擇題)skeptical about his claims.( )
A.untouched
B.certain
C.silent
D.doubtful
本題來源：
▶ 2013年職稱英語綜合類A級考試真題第3題
本題考點：
▶ 近義詞辨析
正確答案：
▶ D
易錯統(tǒng)計：
▶ 本題共被作答1690次，錯誤率為12.37%，易錯項為 [C]
文字解析：
▶ 【題干】許多專家對他的聲明仍舊持懷疑態(tài)度。
【解析】考查形容詞。劃線詞skeptical意為“懷疑的”，與doubtful為同義詞，故正確答案為D。
【考點延伸】-ful表示形容詞，如doubtful(懷疑的)，successful(成功的)，hopeful (有希望的)
每日一講：
▶ (單項選擇題)The country was torn apart by strife.
A.poverty
B.war
C.conflict
D.economy
本題來源：
▶ 2014年職稱英語綜合類A級考試真題第10題
本題考點：
▶ 近義詞辨析
正確答案：
▶ C
易錯統(tǒng)計：
▶ 本題共被作答1073次，錯誤率為29.64%，易錯項為 [B]
文字解析：
▶ 譯文：這個國家被沖突撕裂了。
劃線詞strife有沖突的意思，例如civil strife國內沖突。
war屬于迷惑選項，沖突還有到戰(zhàn)爭的級別，因此意思最為相近的是conflict，有沖突、矛盾的意思，economy是經濟的意思。
每日一講：
▶ (單項選擇題)lureof mathematics.
A.attraction
B.simplicity
C.power.
D.rigor
D.sincere
本題來源：
▶ 2012年職稱英語理工類A級考試真題第4題
本題考點：
▶ 近義詞辨析
正確答案：
A
易錯統(tǒng)計：
▶ 據(jù)全站數(shù)據(jù)，本題錯誤率為15.19%，易錯項為[B]
文字解析：
▶ 【譯文】許多經濟學家被數(shù)學的魅力所折服。
【點評】本題有一定難度，考査的是引申意義，lure的引申意義指“魅力”，和attraction “吸引力”是近義詞，simplicity指“簡單”，power指“力量”，rigor指“嚴厲”，和答案意義差異很 大，最佳答案是A。
每日一講：
▶ (單項選擇題)endorsed the majority of members.( )
A.rejected
B.approved
C.submitted
D.considered
本題來源：
▶ 2013年職稱英語綜合類A級考試真題第2題
本題考點：
▶ 近義詞辨析
正確答案：
▶ B
易錯統(tǒng)計：
▶ 本題共被作答1643次，錯誤率為18.62%，易錯項為 [C]
文字解析：
▶ 【題干】提案得到了多數(shù)成員的贊同。
【解析】考查動詞。劃線詞endorse意為“簽署，贊同，認可”，與approve為同義詞，所以正確答案為B。
【考點延伸】表示“贊同”的詞還有consent(同意，贊成)，support(支持，贊同)，sanction(認可，支持;制裁，處罰)，agree(同意，贊成)等
材料：
▶ (材料)(二)Making a Loss Is the Height of Fashion
The result was an outcry and the first of a series of government — and industry —sponsored inquiries into the surreal (超現(xiàn)實的)world of ultimate fashion. The trade continues to insist that couture offers you more than you pay for, but it's not as simple as that. When such a temple of old wealth starts talking about value for money, it isn’t to convince anyone that dresses costing as much as houses are a bargain. Rather, it is to preserve the peculiar mystique (神秘)，lucrative (利潤豐厚的)associations and threatened Interests that couture represents.
考題：
▶ (單項選擇題)The writer says that the outfit Jean-Louis Scherrer described _____.
A.was worth the price that was paid for it
B.should have cost the customer than it did
C.cost more to make than it should have
D.was never sold to anyone
本題來源：
▶ 2013年職稱英語綜合類A級考試真題第38題
本題考點：
▶ 閱讀理解 > 2013
正確答案：
▶ B
易錯統(tǒng)計：
▶ 全站數(shù)據(jù): 本題共被作答853次，錯誤率為43.81%，易錯項為 [C]
文字解析：
▶ 利用題干關鍵詞outfit，Jean—Louis Schemer和describe等可以定位到第三段“0ne outfit he described…A fair price would have been￡50，000，but the couturier could only get￡35，000 for it.Rather than riding high on the foolishness of the super—rich，he and his team could barely feed their hungry families”，可知“Jean—Louis所描述的一件服裝……公平的價格本應為5萬英鎊，但實際只能獲得3.5萬英鎊。他和他的團隊沒有洋洋得意于有錢人的愚蠢(即賺了有錢人很多錢)，反而幾乎都不能喂養(yǎng)他們饑餓的家人了(即連成本都不能回收)”，由此可知，作者認為本來設計師是要大把從有錢人身上賺錢，結果這件衣服所收取的價格都不足以支付成本，更不用提獲利了，所以B為正確答案。
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