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職稱英語(yǔ)考試衛(wèi)生類完形填空考試題2017
Those who sow in tears will reap a smile.以下是小編為大家搜索整理的職稱英語(yǔ)考試衛(wèi)生類完形填空考試題2017，希望對(duì)正在關(guān)注的您有所幫助!更多精彩內(nèi)容請(qǐng)及時(shí)關(guān)注我們應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生考試網(wǎng)!
The Apgar Test
The baby was born at 3:36 p. m. At 3:37, she scored 4 out of 10 on her first test. At 3:41, she scored 8 out of 10. The doctor was glad.
Another baby, born at 8:24 p. m., scored 3 out of 10 on his first test. He scored 4 out of 10 on his second test. He took another test at 8:34 and scored 5. ___1___ He called for help1.
These newborn babies took a test called the Apgar test. This test helps doctors diagnose problems. ___2___ Most babies take two tests. The first is at 1 minute after birth, and the second is at 5 minutes after birth. If a baby’s score at 5 minutes is less than 6, the baby takes another test at 10 minutes after birth.
The Apgar test is not an intelligence test. It’s a test that shows a baby’s health right after it is born. The Apgar test measures things such as a baby’s color, heart rate, and breathing. The test has five parts, and the score for each part can be 0, 1, or 2. ___3___
A doctor named Virginia Apgar developed the test. Apgar went to medical school at Columbia University in New York City in 1929. She faced many challenges because she was the first woman in the program. However, she was one of the best students in her class. After medical school, she started treating patients2.
Apgar also became a researcher in anesthesiology, a new topic in medicine at the time3. During her studies, she learned how to give patients anesthesia. ___4___
In the 1940s, many women started to have anesthesia when they gave birth. Apgar had a question: How does anesthesia affect newborn babies? In 1949, when Apgar was a professor at Columbia’s medical school, she created her simple test. She wrote a paper about her methods in 1953. Soon after, people started using the Apgar test around the world.
In her work, Apgar saw that many newborns had problems. She wanted to help these babies survive. She stopped practicing medicine in 1959, and she went back to school to get a master’s degree in public health. ___5___
Today, the Apgar test is still used all over the world. Newborn babies don’t know it, but Virginia Apgar is a very important person in the first few minutes of their lives.
下午3:36，一個(gè)嬰兒出生了。3:37時(shí)，她的第一次健康測(cè)試成績(jī)是4分(總分10分)。3:41時(shí)，她的成績(jī)是8分，醫(yī)生感到非常高興。
另一天晚上8:24，另外一個(gè)嬰兒出生了。他的第一次測(cè)試成績(jī)是3分，第二次成績(jī)是4分。8:34時(shí)又進(jìn)行了一次測(cè)試，成績(jī)是5分。醫(yī)生非常擔(dān)心，這個(gè)嬰兒需要救助。
這些新生兒進(jìn)行的是一項(xiàng)叫作阿普加的測(cè)試。這項(xiàng)測(cè)試幫助醫(yī)生診斷新生兒的問(wèn)題，他們根據(jù)測(cè)試成績(jī)判斷新生兒是正常的還是需要特殊護(hù)理。大多數(shù)的嬰兒會(huì)接受兩次測(cè)試。第一次是在出生后1分鐘，第二次是在出生后5分鐘。如果嬰兒在第二次測(cè)試中的成績(jī)少于6分，那他們需要在出生10分鐘后再進(jìn)行一次測(cè)試。
阿普加測(cè)試不是一項(xiàng)智力測(cè)試。它是一項(xiàng)在嬰兒出生后表明其健康狀況的測(cè)試。這項(xiàng)測(cè)試會(huì)測(cè)量諸如嬰兒的皮膚顏色、心率、呼吸一類的項(xiàng)目，總共包括五部分，每一部分的成績(jī)可以是0分、1分或2分。醫(yī)生把每一部分的成績(jī)加起來(lái)就是這項(xiàng)測(cè)試的總分。
一位名叫弗吉尼亞·阿普加的醫(yī)生設(shè)計(jì)了這項(xiàng)測(cè)試。1929年，阿普加去紐約的哥倫比亞大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院就讀。由于是這個(gè)學(xué)科里的第一位女性，使她面臨了許多挑戰(zhàn)。然而，她卻是班上最好的學(xué)生之一。完成醫(yī)學(xué)院的學(xué)業(yè)后，她開(kāi)始給患者治療。
阿普加還是麻醉學(xué)方面的研究者，當(dāng)時(shí)麻醉學(xué)是一項(xiàng)新的醫(yī)學(xué)課題。在求學(xué)過(guò)程中，她學(xué)會(huì)了如何給患者實(shí)施麻醉。麻醉會(huì)使病人失去意識(shí)，因而他們?cè)谑中g(shù)過(guò)程中不會(huì)感到任何疼痛。
20世紀(jì)40年代，許多婦女在分娩時(shí)開(kāi)始使用麻醉。但阿普加有個(gè)疑問(wèn)：麻醉是如何影響新生兒的呢?1949年，當(dāng)阿普加在哥倫比亞醫(yī)學(xué)院擔(dān)任教授時(shí)，她創(chuàng)造了這項(xiàng)簡(jiǎn)單測(cè)試。1953年，她寫(xiě)了一篇關(guān)于該測(cè)試方法的論文。不久之后，人們開(kāi)始在世界范圍內(nèi)使用阿普加測(cè)試。
在工作中，阿普加發(fā)現(xiàn)許多新生兒都有健康問(wèn)題。她想幫助這些新生兒活下來(lái)。1959年，她中止了行醫(yī)，回到學(xué)校攻讀公共衛(wèi)生碩士學(xué)位。她把自己的余生都奉獻(xiàn)給了醫(yī)學(xué)研究以及籌集資金幫助新生兒。
今天，阿普加測(cè)試仍然在全世界范圍內(nèi)被廣泛運(yùn)用。雖然新生兒們并不知道，但弗吉尼亞·阿普加卻是他們生命的前幾分鐘里非常重要的一個(gè)人。
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