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2018年職稱英語衛(wèi)生A閱讀題每日一練
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We all feel sad at times. However, clinical depression is a serious matter. Clinical depression sometimes called major depression is a biologically based brain disorder that affects one's thoughts, feelings, behavior, and physical health. When people complain that they feel terrible, they have no interest or take no pleasure in things, have trouble sleeping, lack energy, have poor appetite, or cannot concentrate, depression is a definite possibility.
2 Depression in its many forms affects more than 6.5 million of the 35 million Americans who are 65 years or older. Most older people with depression have been suffering from episodes(發(fā)作)of the illness during much of their lives. For others, depression has a first onset(起病)in late life-even for those in their 80s and 90s. Depression in older persons is closely associated with dependency and disability and causes great suffering for the individual and the family.
3 Many older people and their families don't recognize the symptoms of depression, aren't aware that it is a medical illness and don't know how it is treated. Others may mistake the symptoms of depression as signs of dementia(癡呆). Also, many older people think that depression is a character flaw(缺陷)and are worried about being stigmatized(給…帶來恥辱), so they blame themselves for their illness and are too ashamed(羞恥的)to get help. Others worry that treatment would be too costly.
4 Older persons with depression rarely seek treatment for the illness. Unrecognized and untreated depression has fatal consequences in terms of both suicide and non-suicide mortality(死亡率). The highest rate of suicide in the US is among older white men. Depression is the single most significant risk factor for suicide in that population. Tragically, many of those people who go on to commit suicide have reached out for help-20% see a doctor the day they die,40%the week they die and 70%in the month they die。Yet depression is frequently missed.
1 Paragraph 1__________
2 Paragraph 2__________
3 Paragraph 3__________
4 Paragraph 4__________
A How common is depression in later life ?
B What is depression?
C What relieves depression in older people?
D Why does depression in older people often go untreated?
E Can depression in older people be treated?
F What are the consequences of untreated depression in older people?
5 Clinical depression is different from .
6 Depression in older people is strongly linked with .
7 Depression is regarded by many older people as .
8 Many older people commit suicide as a result of .
A a character flaw
B normal sadness and grief
C a definite possibility
D dependency and disability
E a significant factor
F unrecognized and untreated depression
參考答案：
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. F 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. F
答案解析：
1. 第一步利用排除法，在第一段中，作者沒有提到older people，所以先排除C,D,E,F四個選項。在第一段中，作者解釋了什么事抑郁，以及抑郁的一些癥狀，所以答案選擇B。
2. 在第二段中，作者主要講了depression抑郁在老年人生活中的普遍性，通過6.5 million，35 million這些數(shù)字可以知道它的影響之大，除此之外，文中海提到Most older people with depression大多數(shù)人患有抑郁，總體來說，第二段敘述的是抑郁病的普遍性，所以答案選擇A。
3. 在第三段中，有一個重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞treat(ed)，所以答案鎖定在D和E中。在本段中，作者主要講了很多老年人不去治療的原因，因為他們沒有能夠正 確地了解這種病。而E選項的意思是說抑郁是否可以治療，太片面;D選項意思是為什么老年人不去治療抑郁癥，所以答案選擇D。
4. 這道題的做題方法是關(guān)鍵詞回歸定位，在本段中第二句作者就說道了untreated depression has fatal consequences，在所有的選項中只有F有consequences of untreated depression，所以答案選擇F。
5. 本體采用排除法，第一段最后一句話depression is a definite possibility.，故排除C;第二段倒數(shù)最后一句話Depression in older persons is closely associated with dependency and disability，故排除D;在第四段中Unrecognized and untreated depression，故排除F。第五段第三句話Depression is the single most significant risk factor，故排除E。而A本身就是錯誤的說法，抑郁不是性格缺陷，所以答案選擇B。
6. 在第二段倒數(shù)最后一句話中Depression in older persons is closely associated with dependency and disability，associated with= linked with，所以答案選擇D。
7. 在第三段的第三句中，many older people think that depression is a character flaw(缺陷)指出，很多老年人認(rèn)為抑郁是一種性格缺陷，故答案選擇A。
8. 首先大家要知道as a result of的意思是“由于，因為”的意思。在第五段中Unrecognized and untreated depression has fatal consequences in terms of both suicide and non-suicide mortality(死亡率)指出，根據(jù)自殺和不是自殺的死亡率，未被認(rèn)出和未得到治療的抑郁病會帶來致命的后果，所以答案選擇F。
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