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托福閱讀否定信息題解題技巧
首先我們來介紹一下否定信息題，Negative Factual Information questions。
這種題型的提問方式一般為：
According to the passage,which of the following is NOT true of X?
The author’s description of X mentions all of the following EXCEPT ?
在解答這種題目的時(shí)候首先要注意的是避免慣性思維的影響。在前面講過的所有題目當(dāng)中，或者是平時(shí)大家的做題習(xí)慣當(dāng)中，我們都是看到與原文相符或者和原文一樣的選項(xiàng)就選，但是到了這個(gè)題目，需要選擇不屬于題干內(nèi)容或者與原文相反的選項(xiàng)，這是需要注意的一點(diǎn)。
一般這種題目的定位范圍都在原文的某一個(gè)或者兩個(gè)自然段，所以第一步需要的就是根據(jù)題目大定位到某個(gè)自然段，然后根據(jù)選項(xiàng)特征對(duì)應(yīng)原文進(jìn)行選題。我們來看一個(gè)例題：
Paragraph 7: The Cognitive Approach. Cognitive psychologists assert that our behavior is influenced by our values, by the ways in which we interpret our situations and by choice. For example, people who believe that aggression is necessary and justified-as during wartime-are likely to act aggressively, whereas people who believe that a particular war or act of aggression is unjust, or who think that aggression is never justified, are less likely to behave aggressively.
Paragraph 8: One cognitive theory suggests that aggravating and painful events trigger unpleasant feelings. These feelings, inturn, can lead to aggressive action, but not automatically. Cognitive factors intervene. People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on the basis of factors such as their experiences with aggression and their interpretation of other people’s motives. Supporting evidence comes from research showing that aggressive people often distort other people’s motives. For example, they assume that other people mean them harm when they do not.
9. According to the cognitive approach described in paragraphs 7 and 8, all of the following may influence the decision whether to act aggressively EXCEPT a person’s
○ Moral values
○ Previous experiences with aggression
○ Instinct to avoid aggression
○ Beliefs about other people’s intentions
這道題目的定位范圍是兩個(gè)自然段，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有三個(gè)會(huì)the decision whether to act aggressively，有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)不會(huì)“影響一個(gè)人決定是否要表現(xiàn)的具有侵略性”，我們要選擇這個(gè)選項(xiàng)。首先，在第七自然段的第二句“Cognitive psychologists assert that our behavior is influenced by our values, by the ways in which we interpret our situations and by choice.”中就提到moral values，對(duì)應(yīng)A 選項(xiàng)。其次，在第八自然段中，第四句“People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on the basis of factors such as their experiences with aggression and their interpretation of other people’s motives.” 中提到兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)， 一個(gè)是“their experiences with aggression”對(duì)應(yīng)B 選項(xiàng)，另外一個(gè)是“interpretation of other people’s motives”對(duì)應(yīng)D選項(xiàng)。只有C 選項(xiàng)的instinct 沒有提到，這道題目選擇C 選項(xiàng)。
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