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英語專業(yè)八級考試閱讀試題及答案詳解
在日常學習、工作生活中，我們都不可避免地會接觸到試題，借助試題可以更好地對被考核者的知識才能進行考察測驗。相信很多朋友都需要一份能切實有效地幫助到自己的試題吧？以下是小編為大家搜索整理的英語專業(yè)八級考試閱讀試題及答案詳解，希望能給大家?guī)韼椭?
英語專業(yè)八級考試閱讀試題及答案詳解 1
The Result of the Falling US Dollar
Like a ticking time bomb, the falling dollar has grabbed the attention of Japan and West Germany, forcing them to consider adopting economic polices the United States advocates. The U.S. government wants the dollar to fall because as the dollar declines in value against the yen and Deutsche mark, U.S. good becomes cheaper. U.S. companies then sell more at home and abroad, and U.S. trade deficit declines. Cries for trade protection abate, and the global free-trade system is preserved.
Then, the cheaper dollar makes it cheaper for many foreign investors to snap up U.S. stocks. That prompts heavy buying from abroad—especially from Japan. Also, if the trade picture is improving, that means U.S. companies eventually will be more competitive. Consequently, many investors are buying shares of export-oriented U.S. companies in anticipation of better profits in the next year or so. But that is a rather faddish notion right now; if corporate earnings are disappointing in interest rates, the stock market rally could stall.
Improving U.S. competitiveness means a decline in another’s competitiveness.
Japan and West Germany are verging on recession. Their export-oriented economies are facing major problems. Japan is worried about the damage the strong yen will do to Japanese trade. West Germany is also worried. Share prices in Frankfurt plummeted this past week. Bonn is thought to be considering a cut in interest rates to boost its economy.
Could the falling dollar get out of hand? If the dollar falls too far, investors might lose confidence in U.S. investments—especially the government bond market. The money to finance the federal budget and trade deficits could migrate elsewhere. Inflation could flare up, too, since Japanese and German manufacturers will eventually pass along price hikes—and U.S. companies might follow suit to increase their profit margins. The U.S. federal Reserve then might need to step in and stabilize the dollar by raising interest rates. And higher interest rates could cause the U.S. economy to slow down and end the Wall Street Rally.
Worried about these side effects, Federal Reserve chairman Paul Volcher has said the dollar has fallen far enough. What is the equilibrium level? Probably near where it is or slightly lower. It all depends on when the U.S. trade deficit turns around or if investors defect from U.S. Treasury Bonds. “It requires a good deal of political patience on the part of the U.S. Congress,” says Dr. Cline, “And there must be an expectation of patience on the part of private investors. The chance are relatively good that we will avoid an investor break or panic.”
1. What is the main idea of this passage?
[A] The impression of the falling U.S. dollar.
[B] The result of the U.S. falling dollar.
[C] The side effect of U.S. falling dollar.
[D] Japan and West Germany are worried about U.S. falling dollar.
2. What does the word “rally” mean.
[A] prosperity. [B] decline. [C] richness. [D] import.
3. Why are Japan and West Germany worried about the falling dollar?
[A] Because the falling dollar may cause inflation in their countries.
[B] Because it may force them to sell a lot of U.S, stocks.
[C] Because it may do damage to their trade.
[D] Because it may make Japanese company less competitive.
4. If dollar-falling got out of hand, and the U.S. Federal Reserve might step in , what would happen?
[A] The prosperity of the U.S. economy would disappear.
[B] The U.S. economy might face serious problems.
[C] Investors might lose confidence in U.S. investments.
[D] Inflation could flare up.
答案詳解：
1. B. 美元下跌的結果。全篇文章都講的美元下跌的后果。
A. 美元下跌的印象。 C. 美元下跌的副作用，均不對。 因為還講述了有利的一面。 D. 日本的、西德?lián)鷳n美元下跌，這只是其中的部分內(nèi)容。
2. A. 繁榮。第五段“美元下跌是否會失控：如果美元下跌過多，投資者可能會失去對美國投資的信心，特別是對美國的債務市場。對聯(lián)邦政府預算和貿(mào)易赤字提供的資金可能移向其它市場，因為日本和西德廠商最終會將上漲的價格轉嫁出去，美國公司也可能這么做，以提高其市場利潤幅度，從而使通貨膨脹再次爆發(fā)。美國聯(lián)邦儲備委員會這時可能需要介入，提高利率來穩(wěn)定美元。而較高利率會導致美國經(jīng)濟減慢，華爾街的`繁榮行將結束�！�
B. 衰退。 C. 富有。 D. 出口，都不是rally之含義。
3. C. 因為下跌對他們貿(mào)易有損害。第三段“改善美國競爭力意味著其他國家的競爭力下降�！钡谒亩危叭毡竞臀鞯抡秊l于經(jīng)濟衰退的邊緣。其出口導向的經(jīng)濟正在面臨嚴重問題。日本擔心由于日元堅挺而給其貿(mào)易帶來損害，西德也在發(fā)愁。上個星期，法蘭克福股市價格暴跌。據(jù)說，波恩已在考慮降低利率以振興其經(jīng)濟。
A. 美元下跌會使他們國家通貨膨脹。沒有正式提到, 內(nèi)涵只是貿(mào)易帶來的其他具體問題。 B. 它可能迫使他們賣掉許多美國股票。 D. 這可能使日本競爭力下降。問題是提出兩國，不單單是日本。
4. A. 美國經(jīng)濟繁榮消失，見第2題答案A的注釋。
B. 美國經(jīng)濟可能面臨嚴重問題。太籠統(tǒng)。 C. 投資者可能對在美國投資失去信心。這不是美國聯(lián)邦儲備委員會介入后發(fā)生之事。 D. 通貨膨脹全面爆發(fā)。這也是介入之后果。
英語專業(yè)八級考試閱讀試題及答案詳解 2
The Importance of Independent Thinking
No one can be a great thinker who does not realize that asa thinker it is her first duty to follow her intellect to whateverconclusions it may lead. Truth gains more even by the errors ofone who with due study and preparation, thinks for himself,than by the true opinions of those who only hold them becausethey do not suffer themselves to think. No that it is solely, ofchiefly, to form great thinkers that freedom of thinking isrequired. One the contrary, it is as much or even moreindispensable to enable average human beings to attain the mental stature which they are capableof. There have been and many again be great individual thinkers in a general atmosphere of mentalslavery. But there never has been, nor ever will be, in that atmosphere an intellectually activepeople. Where any of heterodox speculation was for a time suspended, where there is a tacitconvention that principles are not to be disputed: where the discussion of the greatest questionswhich can occupy humanity is considered to be closed, we cannot hope to find that generally highscale of mental activity which has made some periods of history so remarkable. Never whencontroversy avoided the subjects which are large and important enough to kindle enthusiasm wasthe mind of a people stirred up fro9m its foundation and the impulse given which raised evenpersons of the most ordinary intellect to something of the dignity of thinking beings.
She who knows only her own side of the case knows little of that. Her reasons may be food, andno one may have been able to refute them. But if she s equally unable to refute the reasons of theopposite side; if she does not so much as know what they are, she has no ground for preferringeither opinion. The rational position for her would be suspension of judgment, and unless shecontents herself with that, she is either led by authority, or adopts, like the generality of the worldthe side to which she feels the most inclination. Nor is it enough that she should heat thearguments of adversaries from her own teachers, presented as they state them, and accompaniedby what they offer as refutations, That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bringthem into real contact with her own mind. She must be able to hear them form persons whoactually believe them; who defend them in earnest, and do their very utmost for them. She mustknow them in their most plausible and persuasive form; she must feel the whole force of thedifficulty which the true view of the subject has to encounter and dispose of; else she will neverreally possess herself of the portion of truth which meets and removes that difficulty. Ninety-nine ina hundred of what are called educated persons are in this condition; even of those who can arguefluently for their opinions. Their conclusion may be true, but it might be false for anything theyknow; they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those who think differentlyform them and considered what such persons may have to say; and consequently they do not, inany proper sense of the word, know the doctrines which they themselves profess.
1. The best title for this passage is
[A] The Age of Reason [B] The need for Independent Thinking
[C] The Value of Reason [D] Stirring People s Minds
2. According to the author, it is always advisable to
[A] have opinions which cannot be refuted.
[B] adopt the point of view to which one feels the most inclination.
[C] be acquainted with the arguments favoring the point of view with which one disagrees,
[D] suspend heterodox speculation in favor of doctrinaire approaches.
3. According to the author, in a great period such as the Renaissance we may expect to find
[A] acceptance of truth [B] controversy over principles
[C] inordinate enthusiasm [D] a dread of heterodox speculation
4. According to the author, the person who holds orthodox beliefs without examination may bedescribed in all of the following ways EXCEPT as
[A] enslaved by tradition [B] less than fully rational
[C] determinded on controversy [D] having a closed mind
5. It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which ofthe following statements
[A] A truly great thinker makes no mistakes.
[B] Periods of intellectual achievement are periods of unorthodox reflection,
[C] The refutation of accepted ideas can best be provided by one s own teachers.
[D] excessive controversy prevents clear thinking
答案詳解：
1. B 獨立思考的必要性。見難句譯注1。這里說明進行獨立思考的人即使犯錯誤，真理也能從中獲得東西，而那些懶于思考人，即使持有正確的觀點，真理也難以獲得東西。第一段還點明思想禁錮時期，即不能進行獨立思考時期，難以討論重大議題，產(chǎn)生不了活躍的人民，絕不會出現(xiàn)像輝煌的文藝復興那種時期(見第二題注)。第二段也是圍繞獨立思考而寫，只是從具體點著眼：人只知自己，不知對方無法獲得真理，只有獨立思考兩方，才能不為權威所左右，不會跟著自己感覺走，最終知道自己的真正主張。
A. 理性時代�！. 駁斥的價值�！. 激發(fā)人民的思想。
2. C 熟悉有利于自己不同意/反對觀點的論點。這是作者在第二段講述的重要論點。他認為一個人只知自己一方，推理極好，無人能反駁，卻不知對方的推理，也不能夠予以反駁的話，他就無權選擇兩方的任一論點，其理智位置是停止判斷。否則她就會(像世界上蕓蕓眾生那樣)不是為權威所“引導”，就是跟著感覺(的傾向)走。其二，作者提出：光聽自己的老師講述對立面的論點，以及他們所提出的反駁論點。只是不夠的，必須傾聽那些人(他們真正相信對立的觀點)的論點，并為此積極熱情，竭盡全力辯護，才能使自己的思想和獨立論點接觸，公正的作出公正的判斷。
A. 具有不能駁斥的觀點。 B. 采取個人感覺最傾向的觀點。 D. 停止有利于教條主義研究的異端思考。
3. B 辯論原則問題。答案在第一段：在思想禁錮的氣氛中，過去，現(xiàn)在可能會產(chǎn)生個別的思想家，但絕不會有思想活躍的人民，在那里有一種心照不宣的.慣律：原則決不能討論。認為占據(jù)人類心靈的最重大問題的討論應封閉，我們不能期望看到一般高級的思想活動。這種思想活動曾使歷史上某些時期光輝燦爛。而文藝復興就是思想活動的頂峰時期，必然會討論原則問題，所以選B 。
A. 接受真理，周經(jīng)過討論才能接受真理�！. 過度的熱情。 D. 害怕異端思考。
4. C. 在辯論上，堅定不移。這是一道推斷題，一般講：持有未經(jīng)檢驗的正統(tǒng)信仰的人不會獨立思考，更不會懷疑他所信仰的東西。
A. 為傳統(tǒng)所奴役�！. 不怎么理智�！. 頭腦閉塞。這種人必然受傳統(tǒng)思想控制，不理智更不愿接受外界新鮮事物。
5. B. 在思想方面取得成就的時期就是進行非正統(tǒng)反思的時期。見3題注釋。
A. 一個真正的思想家不犯錯誤�！. 一個人的老師最能提供所接受思想觀點的反駁�！. 過度的辯論會制止清晰的思考。
英語專業(yè)八級考試閱讀試題及答案詳解 3
Passage One
The Carnegie Foundation report says that many colleges have tried to be “all things to all people”. In doing so, they have increasingly catered to a narrow-minded careerism while failing to cultivate a global vision among their students. The current crisis, it contends, does not derive from a legitimate desire to put learning to productive ends. The problem is that in too many academic fields, the work has no context; skills, rather than being means, have become ends. Students are offered a variety of options and allowed to pick their way to a degree. In short, driven by careerism, “the nation’s colleges and universities are more successful in providing credentials than in providing a quality education for their students.” The report concludes that the special challenge confronting the undergraduate college is one of shaping an “integrated core” of common learning. Such a core would introduce students “to essential knowledge, to connections across the disciplines, and in the end, to application of knowledge to life beyond the campus.”
Although the key to a good college is a high-quality faculty, the Carnegie study found that most colleges do very little to encourage good teaching. In fact, they do much to undermine it. As one professor observed: “Teaching is important, we are told, and yet faculty know that research and publication matter most.” Not surprisingly, over the last twenty years colleges and universities have failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates. Faculty members who dedicate themselves to teaching soon discover that they will not be granted tenure, promotion, or substantial salary increases. Yet 70 percent of all faculty say their interests lie more in teaching than in research. Additionally, a frequent complaint among young scholars is that “There is pressure to publish, although there is virtually no interest among administrators or colleagues in the content of the publications.”
1. When a college tries to be “all things to all people” (Line 1, Para. 1), it aims to _____.
A. satisfy the needs of all kinds of students simultaneously
B. focus on training students in various skills
C. encourage students to take as many courses as possible
D. make learning serve academic rather than productive ends
2. By saying that “in too many academic fields, the work has no context” (Line 4, Para. 1) the author means that the teaching in these areas _____.
A. ignores the actual situation
B. is not based on the right perspective
C. only focuses on an isolated aspect
D. gives priority to the cultivation of a global vision
3. One of the reasons for the current crisis in American colleges and universities is that _____.
A. a narrow-minded careerism has come to dominate many colleges
B. students don’t have enough freedom in choosing what they want to learn
C. skills are being taught as a means rather than as ends
D. students are only interested in obtaining credentials
4. American colleges and universities failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates because _____.
A. most of them lack high-quality faculties
B. the interests of most faculty members lie in research
C. there are not enough incentives for students to study hard
D. they attach greater importance to research and publication than to teaching
5. It can be inferred from the passage that high-quality college education calls for _____.
A. putting academic work in the proper context
B. a commitment to students and effective teaching
C. the practice of putting learning to productive ends
D. dedication to research in frontier areas of knowledge
Passage Two
I have had just about enough of being treated like a second-class citizen, simply because I happen to be that put-upon member of society—a customer. The more I go into shops and hotels, banks and post offices, railway stations, airports and the like, the more I’m convinced that things are being run solely to suit the firm, the system, or the union. There seems to be a new motto for the so-called “service” organization—Staff Before Service.
How often, for example, have you queued for what seems like hours at the Post Office or the supermarket because there weren’t enough staff on duty to man all the service grilles or checkout counters? Surely in these days of high unemployment it must be possible to recruit cashiers and counter staff. Yet supermarkets, hinting darkly at higher prices, claim that enshrouding all their cash registers at any one time would increase overheads. And the Post Office says we cannot expect all their service grilles to be occupied “at times when demand is low.”
It’s the same with hotels. Because waiters and kitchen staff must finish when it suits them, dining rooms close earlier or menu choice is cut short. As for us guests (and how the meaning of that word has been cut down in hotels!), we just have to put up with it. There’s also the nonsense of so many so-called “l(fā)uxury” hotels advertising their new-fangled decor, when the reality is that they don’t achieve the standards of comfort and service that used to be taken for granted in a good hotel, even a moderately-priced one.
In these days of rising prices, it’s not surprising that many of us are looking to cut corners when it comes to shopping. But it seems that the harder supermarkets try to attract our custom, the less one feels welcome. How many times have you found yourself approaching the self-service tills only to be told that there are no bags because it’s not someone’s job to replenish them, or that the cashier has to go and get a price check on some item?
I constantly find myself saying, “I don’t want to be difficult, but...” when asking for something to be done about one or other of the countless annoyances that characterise shopping in the 21st century. I don’t think I am alone in feeling that we customers are getting a raw deal, and that it’s time to assert our rights as consumers.
6. The author feels that nowadays customers are _____.
A. not worthy of special treatment
B. not provided with proper service
C. considered to be inferior members of society
D. regarded as privileged
7. In the author’s opinion, the quality of service is changing because _____.
A. the staff are less considerate than their employers
B. customers are becoming more demanding
C. customers are unwilling to pay extra money
D. more consideration is given to the staff than customers
8. According to the author, long queues at counters are caused by _____.
A. not enough staffing arrangements
B. difficulties in recruiting staff
C. lack of cooperation between staff members
D. employers’ reluctance to hire additional staff
9. The author argues that the quality of service in hotels has declined because _____.
A. tourists are more demanding than they used to be
B. hotels no longer provide standard comfort and service
C. the staff are less concerned with the satisfaction of guests
D. new-fangled decor has replaced good service
10. The author’s final solution to the problem discussed in the passage is that _____.
A. we should assert our rights as consumers
B. we should cut corners when it comes to shopping
C. we should do all we can to avoid being difficult customers
D. we should make our complaints known to the management
答案詳解
Passage One
1. 答案：C
解析：根據(jù)第一段第三句“Students are offered a variety of options and allowed to pick their way to a degree.”可知，學校試圖滿足學生的各種需求，讓學生可以通過選擇各種課程來獲得學位，即鼓勵學生盡可能多地選課，所以答案為C。
2. 答案：C
解析：“in too many academic fields, the work has no context”這句話的意思是在太多的學術領域，教學工作沒有背景或關聯(lián)性，也就是說教學只關注孤立的某個方面，而忽略了知識之間的聯(lián)系和整體的背景，所以答案為C。
3. 答案：A
解析：第一段第二句“In doing so, they have increasingly catered to a narrow-minded careerism while failing to cultivate a global vision among their students.”指出當前危機的原因是學校越來越迎合狹隘的職業(yè)主義，而沒有培養(yǎng)學生的'全球視野，所以答案為A。
4. 答案：D
解析：第二段指出雖然好的大學關鍵在于高質量的教師，但大多數(shù)大學卻不鼓勵教學，教師們知道研究和發(fā)表論文更重要，致力于教學的教師得不到終身職位、晉升或大幅加薪，這導致大學未能讓一半的四年制學位候選人畢業(yè)，所以答案為D。
5. 答案：B
解析：文章第一段指出大學教育存在的問題是過于注重職業(yè)主義，忽視了教育的本質，第二段又指出大學不重視教學，導致教育質量下降，由此可推知，高質量的大學教育需要對學生的投入和有效的教學，所以答案為B。
Passage Two
6. 答案：B
解析：文章開篇作者就表達了自己作為顧客被當作二等公民的不滿，后文又列舉了在各種場所遇到的服務不到位的情況，如郵局、超市、酒店等，所以作者認為現(xiàn)在的顧客沒有得到應有的服務，答案為B。
7. 答案：D
解析：根據(jù)第一段最后一句“There seems to be a new motto for the so-called ‘service’ organization—Staff Before Service.”可知，作者認為服務質量變化的原因是現(xiàn)在的服務機構更注重員工而不是顧客，所以答案為D。
8. 答案：A
解析：第二段作者以郵局和超市為例，指出因為沒有足夠的員工值班，導致顧客排隊時間長，所以答案為A。
9. 答案：C
解析：第三段作者指出酒店的服務質量下降是因為服務員和廚房工作人員只在方便自己的時候工作，而不考慮顧客的滿意度，所以答案為C。
10. 答案：A
解析：文章最后一句“I don’t think I am alone in feeling that we customers are getting a raw deal, and that it’s time to assert our rights as consumers.”表明作者認為顧客應該維護自己作為消費者的權利，所以答案為A。
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